scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE ESSENCE OF PENSION INSURANCE AND ITS PLACE IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Aleskerova ◽  
Olena Sакоvska ◽  
Yuliia Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Social

The purpose of this article is to deepen the analysis of theoretical and practical foundations of pension insurance for rural population, to substantiate its further reform and development. Theoretical aspects of pension insurance have been analyzed according to different scientific opinions of both the Ukrainian and foreign scientists, according to which pension insurance is considered a difficult category, and the diversity of its interpretation means that it has not been fully disclosed yet and remains the subject of research. Method. In most countries of the world, the same problems of the pension system as in our country have arisen. But thanks to pension reform, they have achieved successful results. Each country chose its own way of building a pension system based on its own demographic and socio-economic characteristics. However, despite this, the main task of any pension system is to protect against poverty and to provide a pension that can guarantee a decent standard of living for a pensioner. It is proved that to carry out effective pension protection policy in the country it is necessary to continue to study the essence of the concept of "pension insurance", as well as it is important and urgent to find ways to improve the reliability and effectiveness of mechanisms for ensuring the implementation of social guarantees in the pension insurance system. It is noted that insurance came about when humanity realized the danger that the environment hides. With regard to pension insurance, its formation took place in the context of the development of the entire insurance system. Results. The Ukrainian scholars in the field of pensions, exploring the nature and concept of pension insurance at the current stage of development, have determined that pension insurance is based on two important principles: the principle of solidarity and the principle of personal responsibility, also scientists focus on the principles put forward by the works on social protection of the population by the International Labour Organization, which are defined in the adopted Conventions of this organization. Value/originality. Analyzing the theoretical nature of pension insurance, one can determine that the essence of the social nature of pension insurance lies in the social protection of persons who have reached retirement age due to disability or loss of a breadwinner, pension insurance provides social security with minimal social security, approved by the International Labour Organization for the payment of pensions. Retirement insurance is also considered to be a complex category, and its diversity of treatment means that it is has not fully disclosed yet and remains a subject of study.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC-FINANCIAL EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD COUNTRIES IN THE SYSTEM OF PENSION INSURANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Natalia Koval ◽  
Natalia Priamuhina ◽  
Inna Zhmurko
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
The World ◽  
State Pension ◽  
Pension Insurance System

The purpose of this article is to analyze the experience of pension insurance systems in Europe, Asia, North and South America, Australia. The defining feature is that the existing pension insurance system in Ukraine does not perform its main task properly, since the rate of pension, for the most part, does not make it possible to maintain a decent standard of living for current pensioners. After analyzing the implementation of the pension reform in Ukraine, it should be emphasized that during the twelve-year period after the pension reform in the country there remain a number of unresolved issues regarding the pension provision of citizens, namely: aging of the population, which is one of the main factors that prompt the government to a new stage of reforming the pension system; the presence of arrears on contributions to compulsory state pension insurance; lack of proper differentiation of pension payments; shadow wages; lack of sound financial instruments for investing pension assets; unsatisfactory level of legal and financial awareness of the population in matters of pension provision; lack of interest of employers in financing non-state pension programs for employees, lack of confidence in the pension system of non-state pension funds. Methods. In most countries of the world, the problems of the pension system, same to what we have in our country, arose. But due to pension reform, they achieved successful results. Each country chose its own way of building a pension system based on its own demographic and socioeconomic features. However, despite this, the main task of any pension system is to secure from poverty and provide a pension that could guarantee a decent standard of living for a pensioner. Results. Ukraine is trying to build the pension insurance system, drawing on the best practice of the countries studied. Practical implications. It is found that the most effective and successful model of the pension system is considered to be Chilean, since the country has been using cumulative and voluntary pension systems for a long time, which are priority and allow to resolve the pension of their citizens financially, prudent and efficient investing of pension funds with lower rates of public investment income. The same model was taken as the basis in Peru, Argentina, Colombia and Kazakhstan. Value/originality. Analyzing the pension reforms implemented in Eastern Europe, it should be noted that part of the changes was due to the need to protect pensioners from poverty in the context of a sharp decrease in the rate of pensions because of the reduction of total pension contributions and the inability of the state to finance previous pension obligations. The real way to reduce the financial burden on employers and the state in the context of a solidarity pension system was to develop levels II and III of the pension system. It is noteworthy to study the foreign experience of the Eastern European country, such as Poland, which was one of the first to introduce a compulsory funded pension system.

Modern pension and health insurance systems in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Dmitry Maximovich Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Insurance Premiums ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Pension Insurance System

The article substantiates the relevance of issues related to the functioning of social protection systems for the population of developed countries. The review and analysis of the modern pension system in Japan is made. The mechanism of recognition of Japanese citizens and foreign citizens residing in it as insured persons of a certain category and the mechanism of functioning of individual subsystems of the pension insurance system (in particular, basic pension, employee pension insurance, optional (additional) pension insurance system) are considered. The data on the absolute amounts and rates of insurance premiums, the formulas by which the monthly pension is calculated, and the conditions that must be met by insured persons to acquire the right to a pension (for old age, for disability, for the loss of a breadwinner) are given. The conditions for receiving and the amount of benefits for dependents and child benefits are indicated. The review and analysis of the modern health insurance system in Japan is made. The mechanism of functioning of individual subsystems of the pension insurance system (in particular, insurance at the place of work, insurance at the municipal level, insurance for persons aged 75 and over) is considered. The data on the absolute amounts and rates of insurance premiums, on the specifics of fi nancing the activities of public and private organizations, which, on the basis of the principles of non-commercial activity, provide medical services to the population of Japan are presented. The conditions for receiving and the amount of benefits for the birth of a child, for a funeral, for temporary disability are indicated. Attention is drawn to the distinctive features of the pension and health insurance systems in Japan. It is proposed to use the Japanese experience to reform the national systems of social protection of the population.

Deficit will rise absent labour reform in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Social Security Reform ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fiscal Imbalance

Subject The outlook for pension reform. Significance In 2016 Congress passed Law 27.260, which established measures to improve pensioners’ welfare, and set a three-year deadline to create a new pension system, which would be universal, comprehensive and sustainable, and maintain the current system’s pay-as-you-go feature. The pensions deficit represents a significant portion of the fiscal imbalance, so any policy to improve fiscal sustainability will require social security reform. However, the current pension system is considered unfair by most pensioners and active workers. Impacts The social security reform will face opposition in Congress and resistance from public opinion. A strong result for the new Unidad Ciudadana party in the October elections could delay the reform. The large informal sector will militate against reducing the pensions deficit.

scholarly journals REFORMS OF FINANCING PENSION INSURANCE SYSTEM IN CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Current System ◽  
Intergenerational Solidarity ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pension Insurance System

A serious crisis of the pension system has been present in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as in many other countries for many years. The current system, which functions on the concept of intergenerational solidarity is financially unsustainable, due to negative demographic and economic movements, as well as reduced number of the employed, and an increase in the number of pensioners. As the main objective of the pension system (the social security of citizens, ie protection against the risk of old age, disability and death) is not fulfilled, it seems that the reform of the pension system is necessary. It is necessary to answer the question: how to transform the pension system of intergenerational solidarity in a system of individual capitalized savings in a socially painless and affordable way?! The implementation of the pension reform aims to establish a long-term sustainable pension system that will provide quality protection from risk, old age, death, disability, and at the same time be consentaneous with economic and demographic movements andensure an adequate level of benefit to citizens in the later age.The aim of the paper is to define the wider, objective picture of the current state of the position of the pension system, as well as providing basic guidelines for the reform and development courses in the future.

scholarly journals The Pension System in Ukraine – Some Aspects of Reforming

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (521) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
M. M. Furdak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Accumulation System ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
State Pension ◽  
Pension Payments ◽  
Compulsory State

This publication is aimed at studying the processes and defining the main problems in reforming the pension system of Ukraine. The article analyzes the state of functioning and development of three levels of pension provision at the present stage of socio-economic development of the country. It is determined that only level 1 actually works in Ukraine – the solidarity system of compulsory State-controlled pension insurance, while the mandatory accumulation system has not acquired its development, and the voluntary accumulation system has an extremely low share in the general pension system. Some financial results of the Pension Fund of Ukraine for 2020 and the approved budget for 2021 are analyzed. Substantiated conclusions have been drawn about the problems of the solidarity system, such as: the existing budget deficit of the Fund, which leads to the formation of its debts; low, socially unadapted level of pensions; disparities in the size of pensions assigned in different years. The rating of currently operating non-State pension funds of Ukraine (the third level of pension provision) are analyzed according to the criteria of asset value, number of participants, amounts of pension payments and profitability, as well as the dynamics of some basic indicators of their activity. It is determined that the functioning of the non-State pension system in the country is hampered, in particular, for psychological reasons due to the population’s distrust of non-State institutions. Since the second level of pension provision – the mandatory accumulation system – has not yet started working in the country and taking into account the problems of the first and third levels, a reasonable conclusion has been made on the inhibition of the pension reform in Ukraine and the need to intensify the work on the implementation of all three levels of pension provision in order to achieve a sufficient level of social protection of citizens.

scholarly journals An Analysis on Social Security in Brazil Based on Maranhão

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fernando Silva Lima ◽  
Alessandra Silva Pires ◽  
Francisco De Assis Pereira Filho ◽  
Michelle Matilde Semiguem Lima Trombini
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minimum Age

This study begins with the question: can the new change in the old-age pension system improve the economic-financial performance of the National Institute of Social Security in Brazil? The hypothesis is that the proposed constitutional amendment (PEC) 287/16, which is being presented at the Chamber of Deputies known as the pension reform, including an attempt to change the minimum age for men and women, will not solve the problem of economic crisis and financial expenses of the National Institute of Social Security of Brazil, due to the fact that the greatest impact may be other expenses not identified in this study that revolve around the benefits of retirement. The general objective is to analyze the economic and financial situation of social security in Brazil based on the regional accounting records located in Imperatriz and São Luís do Maranhão between 2008 and 2017. The methodology was defined as descriptive, explanatory and average, such as bibliofigurey, documentary and field. One of the results regarding the increase in the retirement age shows that there is no relation between the income increase indicators when compared to the surplus (profit) or deficit (loss) between 2008 and 2017 in the Social Security of Maranhão.

scholarly journals Features of functioning national pension systems of Ukraine and the countries of Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Anastasiia SVIRIDOVSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Government ◽  
System Today ◽  
Current Stage

An important component of social protection of the population of each country is the pension system, because its efficiency depends on the level of welfare of the population and the level of stability in society. The current pension system does not meet the requirements of today and therefore needs to be revised and reformed. The current demographic situation in Ukraine is characterized by a rapid increase in the number of people of retirement age, which leads to the inefficiency of the solidarity system of the pension fund, the increase in the demographic burden of the tax burden. The result is an insufficient level of pensions for many categories of pensioners. An important task at the present stage of socio-economic transformations in our country is to reform the pension system. After all, raising the level of social security of pensioners and ensuring the sustainable development of the state depend on this reform. Despite the fact that the government has taken a number of important steps in reforming the pension system, today we do not see progress in solving the most acute social problems. Poland’s experience in building its national pension system can be useful for Ukraine in the use of redistributive and funded pension programs, the activities of the main financial institutions of the pension sector, the mechanism for paying pension insurance contributions and the protection of pension assets. Its consideration would contribute to the development of a set of measures and their implementation at the current stage of pension reform in Ukraine.

scholarly journals The Problem of Social Protection in Albania

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Arlinda Shkreli Axhemi ◽  
Gert Dragoshi
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
The Social

The aim of this paper is to analyze the social protection system in Albania during the last two decades. It highlights some of the problems and issues which are closely associated with elements of social security, as a phenomenon that focuses on finding solutions or solving the problems in social security systems in Albania. Of great importance are the changes in the social security legislation in recent years, which led to a new structure of the social insurance market in Albanian society. Also discussed are the types of benefits offered by our social insurance system. Our country occupies a special place in relation to the problems it has encountered with social protection and the social security law.

scholarly journals La Liberalización (extrema) del Sistema de Protección Social Mexicano

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ilán Bizberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Public Policy Decisions

ResumenEn este trabajo analizamos la transformación del sistema de protección social mexicano del corporativismo al asistencialismo, de un sistema construido sobre la base de un intercambio corporativo con las organizaciones sociales que eran la fundamento del PRI a otro en el que los pobres se han convertido en la fuente del poder político. Por otra parte, se pasó de un sistema de seguridad social basado en derechos adquiridos a otro en el que el sistema de seguridad social depende cada vez más de decisiones de política pública. Está dividido en cuatro partes: en la primera, hacemos un breve recuento histórico del sistema corporativo; en la segunda, analizamos las reformas al sistema de pensiones; en la tercera, las reformas al sistema de asistencia a los pobres; y en la cuarta, las reformas al sistema de salud.Palabras clave: Sistema de seguridad social; corporativismo; asistencia; salud, pensiones, México ***The (extreme) Liberalization of the Mexican Social Protection System.AbstractIn this paper we analyze the transformation of the Mexican social protection system from corporatism to assistance, from a system built on the basis of a corporatist exchange with the social organizations that were the foundation of the PRI to another in which the poor have become the source of political power. On the other hand, it has moved from a social security system based on acquired rights to another one in which the social security system increasingly depends on public policy decisions. It is divided into four parts: in the first, we make a brief historical account of the corporatist social protection system; In the second, we analyze the reforms to the pension system; In the third, the shift form corporatism to assistance to the poor; And in the fourth, the reforms of the health system.Keywords: Social security system, corporatism, assistance; health, pensions, Mexico. ***A Liberalização (extremo) do Sistema de Proteção Social MexicanoResumoNesse trabalho analisamos a transformação do sistema de proteção social mexicano do corporativismo ao assistencialismo, de um sistema construído sobre a base de um intercambio corporativo com as organizações sociais que eram o fundamento do PRI a outro no qual os pobres tem-se convertido na fonte do poder político. Por outra parte, passou-se de um sistema de seguridade social baseado em direitos adquiridos a outro onde o sistema de seguridade social depende cada vez mais das decisões de política pública. Está divido em quatro partes: na primeira fazemos um breve recorrido histórico do sistema corporativo; na segunda, analisamos as reformas ao sistema de pensões, na terceira, as reformas ao sistema de assistência aos pobres e na quarta, as reformas a sistema de saúde.Palavras chaves: Sistema de seguridade social; corporativismo, assistência, saúde, pensões, México. 

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