scholarly journals Effect of kerosene combustion gases on the pulmonary tissue in mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Muthanna A. Al-Omar ◽  
Adil H. Al-Zamily
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Tissue Damages

This study aims to throw light on the harmful effect of kerosene combustion on the respiratory system in mice. Experimental animals were exposed to combustion gases of kerosene for 2, 4 and 6 hours/day for 5 days a week. Exposure was lasted for 8 consecutive weeks. Histopathological changes were examined in trachea and lung tissues. Results showed different stages of tissue damages were emphysema was the most severe. Filtration of lymphocytes was also remarkable accompanied by increase in alveolar macrophages. There was evident and direst correlation between exposure time and the severity of effects.

scholarly journals How Does Experimental Design Modify the Result of Daphnia magna Heartbeat Rate Test? ─ Analyses of Factors Affecting the Sensitivity of the Test System

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Ildikó Fekete-Kertész ◽  
Tamás Stirling ◽  
Orsolya Ullmann ◽  
Éva Farkas ◽  
Csaba Kirchkeszner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Medium ◽  
Heartbeat Rate ◽  
Rate Test

Development of an unconventional test method involves usually the comparison of biological responses under a variety of test conditions. The quality of these biological methods relies on an appropriate experimental design. The Daphnia magna heartbeat rate as a physiological endpoint for assessing aquatic pollution has been of minor interest so far; nonetheless, this could be an early and sensitive indicator of the harmful effect of micropollutants. Our aim was to set up the optimal experimental design of the heartbeat rate test. The studied factors were the composition of the test medium, the age of the test organism, and the exposure time, at triclosan concentrations between 0.2–2000 μg/L. According to the evaluation of test results the optimal test condition for the heartbeat rate test assumes tap water as test medium, 10-day-old test organisms and 48 h exposure time.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Taiwan Folk Medicine: Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nak. on Experimental Liver Injuries

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-chow Lin ◽  
Chun-ching Lin ◽  
Yun-ho Lin ◽  
Chih-jung Yao
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Acute Elevation ◽  
Serum Transaminases ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Experimental Liver

The hepatoprotective effects of Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nak. were studied on acute hepatitis induced in mice by a single dose of carbon tetrachloride (31.25 μl/kg, ip) or acetaminophen (600 mg/kg, ip), and in rats by a single dose of β-D-galactosamine (188 mg/kg, ip). Hepatoprotective activity was monitored by estimating the serum transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) levels and histopathological changes in the livers of experimental animals. The Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nak. extracts significantly inhibited the acute elevation of serum transaminases. Histopathologically, the crude I. chinensis extract significantly ameliorated hepatotoxin-induced histopathological changes in the livers of experimental animals. All pharmacological and histopathological effects of Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nak. were compared with Bupleurum chinense DC., which has been previously reported as a treatment herb for hepatitis.

scholarly journals Anti-Protozoan Activities of Stachytarpheta angustifolia on Some Haematological Parameters in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Murtala Muhammad Abdu ◽  
Y. Sadau ◽  
S.O. Oladejo ◽  
A.M. Yusuf ◽  
M.S. Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Minimal Stress ◽  
Powdered Form

This study focuses on the anti-protozoan activities of Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Tarkajiya; Hausa, Devil’s coach whip; English) on haematological parameters of Albino Wistar rats which is an unexplored study area. The work is aimed at the determination of the effects of S. angustifolia on Wistar Rats, when exposed to herbal extract on the haematological parameters of Wistar Rats infected with E. tenella Biomarkers. The plant was obtained whole; dried under the shade, made into a powdered form and aqueous extraction method carried by maceration technique. After infecting the experimental animals with the parasites; E. tenella, the following respective doses of 750 mg and 1500 mg were administered to the rats in groups of 3 and 4. Results obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It was discovered that no significant harmful effect on the rats was recorded, but 60 % of the parasites were killed. This work demonstrated that the herbal extract killed the parasites but induced minimal stress to the animals as shown by the low haematological parameters in the study.

Vanadium accumulation in alveolar macrophages studied with the Zeiss CEM902

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
John J. Godleski ◽  
Rebecca C. Stearns ◽  
Marshall Katler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Vanadium Compounds ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Vanadium Accumulation ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Vanadium compounds are known to cause irritation of the respiratory system. Mechanisms of toxicity include actions at the cell membrane and mitochondria. However, the primary target of toxicity has not been delineated. Alveolar macrophages are the primary defensive cells of the lung and likely to interact with inhaled vanadium compounds. The purpose of this study was to identify sites of vanadium accumulation in alveolar macrophages. The Zeiss CEM902 with capabilities to detect vanadium within the ultrastructural context of the cell by Electron Spectroscopic Imaging (ESI) and by Electron Energy Loss Spectral (EELS) analysis was used for this investigation.

Memoirs: The Effect of Removal of the Anterior Lower Sac on the Lateral Appendix in the Embryonic Olfactory Organ of Kaloula Borealis (Barbour)

1946 ◽  
Vol s2-87 (348) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
CHI-LAN TSUI
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Olfactory Placode ◽  
Early Removal

The removal of the anterior lower sac from the embryonic olfactory organ of Kaloula borealis produced two different and opposite effects on the lateral appendix. In larvae 11-27 mm. in length the excision of the sac had a harmful effect and hastened the degeneration of the appendix. When the same operation was made on the larvae 28-38 mm. in length, however, the degeneration of the appendix was retarded. Early removal of the sac had also deleterious effect on the olfactory placode but did not, within the experimental period, influence its normal course of development. Since the experimental animals made only limited growth in the laboratory, the later effects of the removal of the anterior lower sac remain unknown. It is planned to rear experimental larvae under more natural conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of chromium, cadmium and mercury on the gill histology of Clarias batrachus L.

2013 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Shawkat Ara Begum ◽  
Qamar Banu ◽  
Baharul Hoqure
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Pillar Cells ◽  
Tissue Damages ◽  
Gill Histology ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Effect of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) on the gill histology of Clarias batrachus L. was investigated following 28 days exposure to their sublethal concentrations under laboratory condition. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium, necrosis, partial lifting of epithelial layer, damage of gill ray, oedema of primary lamellae, damage of pillar cells and congestion of blood vessels were the main histopathological changes. In Cd treated fishes the interlamellar spaces were abolished but distended gill rays were characteristics of Cr treatment. Extensive cellular and tissue damages were prominent in Hg treated fishes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v4i1.13383 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 4(1 &2):13-23, 2009

scholarly journals Perubahan Histopatologi Jaringan Kulit Ikan Komet (Carassius auratus auratus) Akibat Infestasi Argulus Japonicus Histopathological [Change of Comet Fish (Carassius auratus auratus) Skin Tissues Caused Argulus japonicus]

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Renita Efa Ratna Sari ◽  
Kismiyati Kismiyati ◽  
Wahju Tjahjaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Tissue Damages ◽  
Considerable Damage

AbstrakEktoparasit merupakan salah satu penyebab menurunnya nilai jual komoditas ikan hias di Indonesia. Infestasi tingkat akut A. japonicus dapat mengakibatkan kematian dan kerugian ekonomi bagi pembudidaya. Penetrasi stylet ektoparasit Argulus dapat menyebabkan kerusakan yang cukup besar dengan memecah konsistensi jaringan dan dapat menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit ikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat mengetahui perubahan atau kelainan pada tingkat jaringan yang disebabkan oleh ektoparasit A. japonicus pada jaringan kulit ikan komet. Variabel yang diamati adalah perubahan patologi anatomi dan perubahan histopatologi jaringan kulit ikan komet akibat infestasi A. japonicus. Skoring dilakukan untuk menentukan derajat kerusakan histopatologi jaringan kulit ikan komet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infestasi A. japonicus mengakibatkan perubahan hemoragi, erosi epitel epidermis, infiltrasi sel radang, kongesti, dan ballooning degeneration pada jaringan kulit ikan komet. Derajat infestasi ektoparasit A. japonicus berbanding lurus dengan tingkat kerusakan jaringan kulit ikan komet. Jenis kerusakan jaringan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang linear dengan derajat infestasi A. japonicusAbstractAcute infestation of A. japonicus can give occasion death and economic loss to farmers. Stylet penetration of ectoparasites A. japonicus caused considerable damage by breaking consistency of fish tissue and skin irritation. The purpose of this research was ascertain the level of comet fish skin tissues changes or abnormalities caused by ectoparasites A. japonicus. The variables observed in this study is the anatomic pathology and histopathological changes in the skin tissue of fish comet due to A. japonicus infestation. Scoring is done to determine the level of comet fish histopathology skin tissues damage. The results showed that the infestation of A. japonicus provide an overview histopathological changes inflammation, epidermis erotion, congestion, ballooning degeneration, and haemorrhage in comet fish skin tissues. Infestation level of ectoparasites A. japonicus is directly proportional with the level of comet fish tissue damages. Type of tissue damage does not have linear relationship with the level of A. japonicus infestation.  

scholarly journals The Aharonov-Bohm Effect and Transport Properties in Graphene Nanostructures

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Mihai Lungu ◽  
Raluca Giugiulan ◽  
Antoanetta Lungu ◽  
Madalin Bunoiu ◽  
Adrian Neculae
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Separation Device ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Microfluidic Separation ◽  
Hazardous Waste Incinerator ◽  
Aharonov Bohm

Abstract This paper investigates the possibility to improve the filtering process of flue gas by separation of suspended nanoparticle using dielectrophoresis. The study focuses on the particles having an average radius of about 50-150 nm, that cannot be filtrated by classical techniques but have a harmful effect for environment and human health. The size distribution nanoparticles collected from the flue gas filters of a hazardous waste incinerator plant were evaluated. Based on obtained experimental data and a proposed mathematical model, the concentration distribution of nanoparticle suspended in flue gas inside a microfluidic separation device was analyzed by numerical simulations, using the finite element method. The performances of the device were described in terms of three new specific quantities related to the separation process, namely Recovery, Purity and Separation Efficiency. The simulations could provide the optimal values of control parameters for separation process, and aim to be a useful tool in designing microfluidic devices for separating nanoparticle from combustion gases.

Massive Recirculation as a Method of Minimizing Corrosion in the Combustion of Residual Fuels

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Imants Reba
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
High Metal

Metal surfaces exposed to combustion gases from residual fuels suffer from fouling and severe corrosion. Several methods currently in use to combat these effects include chemical treatment of the fuel, combustion at near stoichiometric conditions, and the use of protective coatings. This study introduces another method based primarily on improved burner technology, specifically, combustion with massive, external recirculation. Short (10-hr) and long (30-hr) exposure time tests have demonstrated that the combustion of untreated oil having a high vanadium and sodium content with sufficiently large recirculation produces corrosion of essentially the same magnitude as that experienced from the combustion of diesel fuel without recirculation. These beneficial effects of recirculation are greatest at conditions giving rise to highest corrosion rates, i.e., at high excess air and high metal temperature.

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