scholarly journals Estimation of Serum Liver Enzymes Activities in Awassi Sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
H.A. H. Al-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Effect Of Age

The current study was conducted on 152 clinically normal Awassi sheep to evaluate serum activities of alanine aminotranferase (ALT), aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in Baghdad governorate / Iraq. Sheep were divided into males; 62 ram lambs and rams, 90 females; ewe lambs, pregnant and lactating ewes both aged 7 to 48 months. The samples were collected from October 2011 until March 2012, and the sera were used for measurement of serum liver enzymes.The results revealed that the range and mean ± SEM of these enzymes were as follows : serum ALT 3.5 – 24 U/L and 9.66 ± 0.31 U/L, serum AST 25 – 220 U/L and 71.83 ± 3.09 U/L , serum ALP 59 – 300 U/L and 139.86 ± 3.56 U/L and serum GGT 2.3 – 38.2 U/L and 15.9 ± 0.78 U/L respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between males and females in serum ALT and GGT activities. The effect of age on serum liver enzymes was studied in males. However, according to physiologic status a significant difference (P<0.05) noticed in serum enzymes values of all groups. In conclusion, present data recorded range references and mean ± SE for serum liver enzymes in normal Iraqi Awassi sheep with significant differences in activities of these enzymes between males and females a well as between subgroups in both sexes

scholarly journals Assessment of some liver enzyme activities in healthy Iraqi racing Horses

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
AL-Hadithy H. AH.
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The current study was conducted for the measurement of normal range and mean value of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in (125) clinically normal Iraqi racing horses (males and females , Arabian and Crossbred) , aged 2 – 8 years ; < 4 , 4 and > 4 age groups . The results revealed that the range and the mean value ± SEM of these enzymes were as follows ; serum ALT 2 – 28 U/L and 11.07 ± 0.62 U/L, serum AST 30 – 210 U/L and 78.00 ± 3.62 U/L and serum ALP 63 – 204 IU/L and 96.84 ± 2.52 IU/L respectively .However, significant difference (P < 0.05) in serum ALT was recorded between Arabian and Crossbred , while serum AST values showed a significant differences (P < 0.05) between males and females , as well as between less and more than four years age groups .On the other hand , there was no significant difference in serum ALP values between the studied groups . In conclusion , this study recorded and established the normal range reference values and mean ± SEM of serum liver enzymes ALT , AST and ALP in clinically healthy Iraqi racing horses .

scholarly journals The hematological parameters in clinically normal Iraqi local breed goats

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
AH. H. AL-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mean Cell Hemoglobin

     The aim of the present work is to determine the hematological parameters in clinically normal local breed goats. The study was conducted on 130 goats (40 males of them 20 bucks and 20 buck kids and 90 females of them 20 doe kids, 20 dry does, 25 pregnant and 25 lactating does) aged 6 months-4 years in AL-Najaf province-Iraq. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into EDTA tubes during October 2013 untill February 2014. Results showed that the ranges and means ±SE of blood picture were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 26-40% and 31.8±0.32%, Hemoglobin (Hb) 8-14.3g/dL and 10.3±0.13 g/dL, Red blood cell (RBC) 10.6-17×106/μL and 13.3±0.14×106/μL, Mean cell volume (MCV) 18.4-32.5 fL and 23.9±0.14 fL, Mean cell Hemoglobin (MCH) 5.5-8.8 and 7.7±0.05 pg, Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 28.3-36.9 g/dL and  32.4±0.15 g/dL, Erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) 1-10 mm/ 24h and 4.1±0.14 mm/ 24h, White blood cell count (WBC) 5500-15900/μL and 10732±242/μL, Lymphocyte (L) 2772-10172/μL and 6080±149 /Μl, neutrophils (N) 1863-8680/μL and 4112±121/μL, monocytes 57.0-622/μL and313±11/μL, eosinophil’s 0-918/μL and 222±14/μL, basophils 0±0/μL and 0±0/μL, L/N ratio 0.4-3.8 and 1.5±0.04, respectively. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and no difference in ESR,WBC, DLC and L/N ratio between males and females. However, significant (P<0.05) differences in most hematological parameters of sub groups have been recorded. In conclusion the present data recorded the reference values of hematological parameters in clinically healthy local breed goats with a significant difference between males and females as well as in normal subgroups.

scholarly journals Isoforms and half-life of FSH from sheep with different reproductive states

2000 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Moore ◽  
W Ng Chie ◽  
NL Hudson ◽  
KP McNatty
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone ◽  
Charge Heterogeneity ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Effect Of Age

The glycoprotein hormone FSH comes in many different isoforms. In humans and rats the charges of the FSH isoforms vary with reproductive state and these affect the half-life of FSH in plasma. In this study we examined the charge heterogeneity of FSH in pituitary extracts from sheep with different reproductive states. Also the half-life of clearance of pituitary FSH from the different reproductive states was determined in mice. Pituitaries were collected from: anoestrous, luteal phase, follicular phase, early-pregnant and late-pregnant ewes, ewe lambs, ram lambs, rams during the breeding and non-breeding seasons and wethers (5 per group). After extraction, FSH isoforms were fractionated by HPLC anion exchange chromatography. The volume at which half of the FSH had eluted from the ion exchange column was determined (HP(50)). It was found that FSH isoforms from ewes (HP(50)=96.7+/- 1.3 ml (s.e.m. )) eluted later (P<0.01) than those from rams (HP(50)=82.3+/-1.3 ml) indicating that FSH isoforms in the ewes were more acidic than those from rams. There was a seasonal difference in ewes, with ewes in anoestrus (HP(50)=101.6+/-2.6 ml) having more-acidic (P<0.01) FSH isoforms than the ewes during the oestrous cycle (HP(50)=95.3+/-0.7 ml). There was an effect of age, with the FSH isoforms from cycling ewes (HP(50)=95.3+/- 0.7 ml) being more acidic (P<0.01) than those from ewe lambs (HP(50)=88.3+/-1.9 ml). There was an effect of pregnancy, with late-pregnant ewes (HP(50)=107.3+/- 1.6 ml) having more-acidic FSH isoforms (P<0.05) than those from anoestrous ewes (HP(50)=101.6+/-2.6 ml) and there was an effect of castration with the breeding season rams (HP(50)=80.7+/-1.4 ml) having more-acidic (P<0.05) FSH isoforms than wethers (HP(50)=74.0+/-0.5 ml). The half-life of pituitary FSH from animals in the different reproductive states was found to be negatively correlated with HP(50) (r(2)=0.56, P<0.01). The FSH isoforms from wethers were the least acidic and had the longest half-lives. Collectively, these findings show that in sheep, age, sex and reproductive state are all factors which influence the forms of FSH that are extracted from the pituitary gland. Moreover, these results demonstrate that FSH from sheep with the most-acidic FSH isoforms have the shortest half-life in plasma.

Effect of age at weaning (30 vs. 60 day) on intake, growth, serum hormone and metabolite profiles in young ewe and ram lambs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
D. W. Holcombe ◽  
S. W. Beam ◽  
L. J. Krysl ◽  
M. B. Judkins ◽  
D. M. Hallford
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Effect Of Age

Twenty-four Polypay lambs (12 sets of twins; 12 ewe and 12 ram lambs) born within a 3-d period were randomly allotted at birth within sex group to be weaned at either 30 (EW) or 60 (LW) d of age. Six lambs (three ewe and three ram lambs)/treatment were intensively bled at 30, 37, 60, and 67 d of age. Feed intake was higher (P < 0.05) in EW lambs following weaning and up through weaning of LW lambs. Throughout the study, BW were similar (P > 0.10) between treatments; however, ram lambs were heavier (P < 0.05) than ewe lambs beginning at 18 d of age. At 37 d of age, EW lambs had lower (P < 0.05) insulin and IGF-I concentrations (P = 0.10), and greater (P < 0.05) GHmn values than LW lambs. Ram lambs had greater (P < 0.05) serum GHmn, GHbl and GHam values, and greater (P < 0.05) serum insulin and IGF-I concentrations than ewe lambs at 30, 60, and 67 d of age. At 37 d of age, EW lambs had lower (P < 0.05) insulin:GH ratios than LW lambs. At 37 d of age, PRLmn and PRLam values were lower (P < 0.05) in EW lambs than LW Lambs, and rams had lower (P < 0.05) PRLam values than ewe lambs. The results indicate that weaning at 30 d of age is associated with major changes in metabolic hormones 1 wk postweaning, whereas weaning at 60 d of age had no apparent effect on hormonal patterns postweaning. Differences between EW and LW lambs may reflect early postweaning feed intake, along with stage of rumen development at weaning. Key words: Lambs, growth, hormones, weaning, metabolites

Evaluation of tear production using the Schirmer tear test I in healthy cats; effect of age, life stage, sex, breed and neuter status

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (26) ◽  
pp. 799-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Rajaei ◽  
Houman Faghihi ◽  
David Leonard Williams ◽  
Ghazal Aftab
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Effect Of Age

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the values of Schirmer tear test (STT) and determine effects of age, life stage, sex, breed and neuter status on tear production in healthy cats.MethodsThree hundred and forty-three domestic shorthair (DSH) and Persian cats, 50 days through 18 years old, were examined in this study. STT I was used to measure tear production in both eyes of each cat.ResultsA mean STT 14.9±4.8 mm/min was calculated for the eyes of all cats. There was a significant difference between STT values in kittens (≤6 months old) and cats of other age groups (P<0.001). A substantial number of cats with clinically normal eyes had STT values less than 10 mm/min. No significant difference was found between males (14.7±5.0 mm/min) and females (15.1±4.5 mm/min) in STT values (P=0.46). Significant differences were found between entire (14.4±4.2 mm/min) and neutered (16.2±4.1 mm/min) cats (P=0.001), and between STT values of DSH (14.6±5.0 mm/min) and Persian (16.5±3.1 mm/min) cats in the study population (P=0.001).ConclusionsThis study documents the average STT values for a sizeable feline population demonstrating that, in contradistinction to the situation in dogs, a number of cats with clinically normal eyes have STT values below 10 mm/min.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PLANE OF NUTRITION AND REARING METHOD ON YANKASA LAMBS: GROWTH RATE, SCROTAL DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
G. N. Akpa ◽  
N. I. Dim ◽  
O. A. Osinowo ◽  
E. O. Oyedipe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rearing Method ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Daily Gain

The study examined the effects of plane of nutrition and rearing method on growth rate, increase in scrotal size; and age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty, in Yankasa ram lambs. Thirty-six ram lambs and 18 ewe lambs with mean age and body weight of 1453±17.7 days and 10.1 1±2.6kg respectively were used for the four-month trial. Animalswere randomised in a 3x2 factorial design with plane of nutrition at 3 levels (low, medium and high) and rearing method at 2 levels (males alone and mixture of males and females). Plane of nutrition had bighly significant (P<0.01) effect on average daily gain (ADG). Animals on the low, medium and high planes gained daily  66.8±5.5, 77.8±5.6 and 89.0±5.6 respectively. Effects of plane of nutrition and rearing methods on changes in scrotal circumference were not significant. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty in the ram lambs averaged 232.5±12.7 days, 18.3±0.4 kg and 22.7±3.1 cm respectively. Body weight at puberty averaged 17.2±1.7, 18.6±0.9 and 19.0±1.4 kg for animals fed low, medium and high planes of nutrition respectively.

Modernisation without Westernisation in Saudi Arabia: Perceptions of the Country’s Urban Dwellers

Social Change ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-601
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zain ◽  
Norizan Kassim ◽  
Nailah Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Government ◽  
Effect Of Age

This paper investigates the various changes and innovations implemented by the Government of Saudi Arabia, especially over the last two decades, in order to examine whether the country is undergoing modernisation without at the same time adopting Westernisation. We also investigated the differences in the perceptions towards modernisation and Westernisation between genders. Generally, from the results of our questionnaire survey, involving 264 respondents, we found that Saudi urban dwellers are now more receptive to both the concepts of modernisation and Westernisation as long as they do not contradict the country’s religious values and/or culture. Further, we found that females desire more individual rights and equal employment opportunities than their male counterparts. The findings also indicate a significant difference in the effect of age on the urban style and occupational structure of modernisation between males and females. Some implications of the findings in terms of practice and suggestions for future research are also provided.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

MICROSCOPIC AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF Ascaridia spp. IN DOMESTIC PIGEONS(Columba livia domestica) IN BAGHDAD CITY,IRAQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1220-1225
Author(s):  
Faraj & Al- Amery
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Molecular Assay ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

Ascaridiosis is a very important parasitic disease of birds, it is caused by Ascaridia. This study was conducted to identify the Ascaridia species by microscopic and molecular assay in Baghdad city. One hundred and sixty fecal samples were collected from domestic pigeons during the period from 1/1/ 2019 to 31/3/ 2019.  Results showed that the rate of infection for Ascaridia spp. 15.62% by microscopic examination.  Significant difference was observed in infection rates between males and females pigeons. Fifty samples randomly selected and subjected to molecular diagnosis of Ascaridia  spp.. Molecular examination results, the total infection rate showed 16%(8/50). The eight  positive PCR products were sequenced and deposited in Gene bank data base, phylogenic analysis demonstrated that 4 sequences belongs to Ascaridia galli ( MK918635.1, MK918636.1, MK918847.1, MK919081.1), while 2 (MK919199.1, MK919200.1) belong to  Ascaridia nymphii and 2 (MK919207.1, MK919264.1)  belong to Ascaridia numidae. It is the first study in Iraq to diagnosis of  Ascaridia nymphii and Ascaridia numidae  in domesticed pigeons by using conventional PCR.

The Toxicity Effect of Echium Amoenum on the Liver and Kidney of Mice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Ghorbani ◽  
Atefeh Araghi ◽  
Nabi Shariatifar ◽  
Seyed Hooman Mirbaha ◽  
Behrokh Marzban Abbasabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Echium Amoenum

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of Echium amoenum plants on the liver and kidney of animal model. Background: Echium amoenum is one of the medicinal plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids with several properties which has widely consumed among different communities. Objective: The toxic effects of Echium amoenum on the liver and kidney were investigated in this study. Methods: Sixty mice were kept for 28 days under the appropriate laboratory conditions. Echium amoenum extract (25, 12.5, 50 mg / kg, ip.) was administered for 28 days. At the end of experiment, blood samples were drawn and liver and kidneys were removed for evaluating hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of extract. Additionally, experiments were conducted to assay the enzymatic and oxidative activities. Results: There was no significant difference in the levels of copper ion in the liver and kidneys among all groups. There was a significant difference in the levels of lipid peroxidation in the liver of treated groups versus control group. The significant difference was not observed in the levels of glutathione of the liver of all groups. However, the levels of glutathione of the kidney significantly decreased in the treated groups versus control group. There was no significant difference in the liver enzymes including ALP, SGOT, and SGPT between all groups. This indicates that damage increase with enhancing the time and concentrations of extract. Biochemical analysis showed the creatinine and urea levels did not change in the treated groups versus control group. Conclusion: According to the present findings, it is suggested that Echium amoenum causes hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity effects in dose and time dependent manner.

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