Alternative Preparation of Sulphated Binders from Secondary Raw-Material Resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2338-2341
Author(s):  
Marcela Fridrichová ◽  
Karel Dvořák ◽  
Iveta Hájková
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Gypsum Formation ◽  
Secondary Raw Material

The insufficient occurrence of raw material resources on our territory was one of the historical reasons for marginal production of sulphated binders from secondary raw-material resources. Also the unprofitability of material production based on calcium sulphate was related to this fact. This was changed in the end of the last century when formation of waste raw materials increased with industrial development. Secondary gypsums became basic raw material for production of plaster boards, plaster mixtures and anhydrite self-levelling mixtures. Wet flue gas cleaning desulphation process during which the energogypsum is formed is nowadays realised in major part of our power stations. Annual production of the energogypsum produced in this way in particular power stations is about 250 kt. The energogypsum is generally stored in stock piles as a so called stabilisate and partially is delivered to cement works as a solidification regulator. Chemogypsum is produced in chemical works where waste waters with content of SO42- occur, which must be desulphated with lime in water ambient. Further it is formed in citric acid productions where also sulphated waters occur. Last but no least it is also produced in industrial production of phosphates. Production of titanium dioxide is another example of the industry where the possibility of gypsum formation exists.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

scholarly journals Mapping of raw materials and habitats in the Danish sector of the North Sea

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Jørn Bo Jensen ◽  
Sara Borre ◽  
Jørgen O. Leth ◽  
Zyad Al-Hamdani ◽  
Laura G. Addington
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The North ◽  
General Mapping ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Substrate Types

In the summer of 2010, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) mapped the potential raw materials and substrate types, over large parts of the Danish economic sector of the North Sea, in cooperation with Orbicon A/S. The mapping was carried out for the Danish Nature Agency; it is part of the general mapping of raw material resources within the territories of the Danish state and forms part of the input for the implementation of the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. The purpose was (1) to provide an overview of the distribution, volume and composition of available raw materials and (2) to identify, describe and map the distribution of the dominant marine bottom types.

scholarly journals GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CRITERIA OF INDUSTRIAL VALUE OF COAL DEPOSITS WITH INSIGNIFICANT RESERVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
M. Kurylo ◽  
V. Bala
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
High Degree

The purpose of this study is to analyze and systematize criteria by which, in domestic and international practice, the industrial value of coal deposits with small and insignificant reserves is determined. The analysis and systematization of such factors in general for all coal deposits with the definite definition of the most influential characteristics for small stocks are carried out. Mining and geological factors, which are caused by natural characteristics of the deposit and directly related to the concrete object, are determined, and there have been singled out factors concerning the minerals in general or characterizing the external conditions of industrial development of deposits. For coal deposits with insignificant reserves, the criteria that directly affect the most critical parameter - the value of coal reserves and, consequently, the lifetime of the mining enterprise have paramount importance. Such criteria are the quality of coal, which defines the direction of use and its liquidity, the degree of geological study, which expresses the geological risks of reserves confirmation, and the complexity of mining technical conditions that define methods and systems for the reserves disclosure and development. In general, external factors for coal deposits are most affected by the availability of raw material substitutes and market conditions, and coal prices. For deposits with insignificant reserves, prices and possibility of mining, which involves availability of licenses and social permits, may have a greater impact. Industrial significance of deposit with insignificant reserves may appear favorable of all other conditions of development - mining and technical conditions that form low cost of production, coal quality, favorable market conditions for mineral raw materials, localization of the deposit near consumers, etc. At the same time, the main prerequisite for attracting objects with insignificant reserves to exploitation should be their high degree of geological study. Decision about possible industrial significance should be taken after detailed technical and economic calculations.

scholarly journals Circular investments as a key to solving the growth dilemma

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kormishkina ◽  
◽  
Evgenii Kormishkin ◽  
Vladimir Gorin ◽  
Dmitrii Koloskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis

The rationale for this study is based on the extreme importance of finding a solution to a complex growth dilemma arising from the negative effects of human activity and the limited ability of the ecosystem to regenerate and provide resources required by mankind to ensure sustainable development and the long-term prosperity. The research is aimed at proving a scientific hypothesis that states: when the global raw-materials crisis becomes increasingly noticeable in various countries of the world, including Russia, circular investments may become a driver for long-term economic growth and the launch of far-reaching reforms of the economy in the 21st century. Circular investments in this paper are viewed as a special type of real eco-investment that combines advancements in technology and innovations to ensure renewal and industrial-scale reproduction of resources (raw materials and energy) from industrial and household waste, along with the mitigation and/or elimination of negative effects, on the environment. A multiple linear regression model has been developed to confirm a statistically-relevant connection between circular investments and real GDP. As a methodological foundation for the model, we used the classic Cobb-Douglas production function modified to take into account industrially reproduced raw material resources included in the production process. Further, we have defined major limits for circular investments in Russia today and highlighted the primary measures which are to be taken to launch circular investments in order to find a solution to the complex growth dilemma.

scholarly journals SME INTER-CLUSTERING LINKAGE OF EAST JAVA: AMONG BUSINESS STRATEGY AND COOPERATIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Deni Aditya Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Swot Matrix ◽  
Strategy Variables

The Indonesian SME cluster has not fully implemented the cluster concept, causing the SME cluster to stagnate. The Meubel SME Cluster of Pasuruan City and Malang City are two prime clusters working to show their economic crisis performance several times. This study aims to examine the factors of inter-firm linkage and business strategy on business performance. Methodologically, this study uses several analytical methods, namely multiple linear regression, to measure the influence between inter-firm linkage and business strategy variables on business performance, SWOT matrix to map strategy, and descriptive analysis to present non-parametric findings. This study analyzed 60 samples of MSEs from a population of 350 business units. The results of the study mentioned that aspects of business strategy (finance, marketing, human resources, research, development, and operations) had a more significant effect on business performance (sales, profits, assets, labor, and productivity) than inter-firm linkage (backward, forward, and horizontal). Through SWOT matrix analysis, the inter-clustering linkage of Malang City and Pasuruan cluster SMEs is naturally created. Access to raw materials and labor in the city of Malang began to be complicated even though consumers’ potential from large tourists and access to adequate technology. In contrast, Pasuruan City is lt to do marketing because of geographical conditions’ weakness even though the raw material resources and labor are abundant. The specialization of production is created with Pasuruan City as the production base and Malang City as the Marketing Base.Keywords: Cooperatives, Business Strategy, Inter-Clustering LinkageJEL: Q13, L21, C38

scholarly journals The Potential for REE and Associated Critical Metals in Karstic Bauxites and Bauxite Residue of Montenegro

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Slobodan Radusinović ◽  
Argyrios Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bauxite Residue ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Secondary Raw Material ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Research for critical raw materials is of special interest, due to their increasing demand, opulence of applications and shortage of supply. Bauxites, or bauxite residue after alumina extraction can be sources of critical raw materials (CRMs) due to their content of rare earth elements and other critical elements. Montenegrin bauxites and bauxite residue (red mud) are investigated for their mineralogy and geochemistry. The study of the CRM’s potential of the Montenegrin bauxite residue after the application of Bayer process, is performed for the first time. Montenegrin bauxites, (Jurassic bauxites from the Vojnik-Maganik and Prekornica ore regions from the Early Jurassic, Middle Jurassic-Oxfordian and Late Triassic paleorelief) are promising for their REE’s content (around 1000 ppm of ΣREE’s). More specifically, they are especially enriched in LREEs compared to HREEs. Regarding other CRMs and other elements, Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Sr and Ga could also be promising. In bauxite residue, the contents of Zr, Sr, V, Sc, La, Ce, Y, Ti and Nb are higher than those in bauxites. However, raw bauxites and bauxite residue as a secondary raw material can be considered as possible sources of CRMs.

The Development of Composite Building Product and its Fire Technical Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
Miroslava Netopilová ◽  
Jan Mikulenka ◽  
Anna Benešová
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Building Product ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

The article focuses on the research and development of a new composite material applicable in building industry, renewable raw material resources and industrial waste materials. The aim of the research is not only the application of concrete secondary raw materials but also the gaining of required safety aspects of these composite materials, i.e. certain fire technical characteristics.

Effect of Cement Raw Material and Oxygen Concentration on SNCR Reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 969-975
Author(s):  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Li Nan ◽  
Si Yu Peng ◽  
Yun Ning Zhang ◽  
Mei Na Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Denitration Rate ◽  
Cement Raw Material

As the selective non-catalytic reduction denitration(SNCR denitration) was used in cement decomposition furnaces under the high concentration cement raw materials and complex flue gas composition , the denitration efficiency is poor and the reducing agent is largely consumed.In order to meet the more stricter requirements of environmental protection, there is an urgent need to improve the denitration efficiency of SNCR and reduce the escape of reducing agentsin order to prevent the unnecessary waste caused by excessive use of reducing agents and secondary atmospheric pollution.Therefore, studying the effect of cement raw materials and O2 concentration on SNCR process is very important. In this paper, the initial concentration of NO and the ammonium to nitrogen ration (CNH3/CNO) was 800ppm and 1.5, respectively. The effects of cement raw material and oxygen concentration on the reaction process of NH3+NO+O2 in the temperature range of 750°C -1100°C were investigated by means of denitration rate, in Situ DRIFTS analysis.The results demonstrate when O2 concentration was 5% and denitration temperature was 950°C, the deNOx rate reached a maximum of 89.64%, which due to O2 promoted NH3 and NO to react with O2 to produce N2 and H2O. However,under the effect of cement raw material, O2 can promote NH3 which was adsorbed on the surface of cement raw material to react with O2 and produce NO and H2O, and the reaction of oxidation of NH3 is dominant, therefore, the denitration reaction is inhibited. .When O2 concentration was 5% and temperature was 850°C, the deNOx rate reached a minimum value of -109.09%. the high concentration cement raw material and flue gas composition reduce the denitration efficiency of cement kiln.

scholarly journals Volcanic Tuff as Secondary Raw Material in the Production of Clay Bricks

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6872
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Cobîrzan ◽  
Gyorgy Thalmaier ◽  
Anca-Andreea Balog ◽  
Horia Constantinescu ◽  
Andrei Ceclan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Clay Matrix ◽  
Secondary Raw Material ◽  
Points Of View

The present work examines an innovative manufacturing technique for fired clay bricks, using tuff as a secondary raw material. Samples were made of clay and tuff (0–30 wt.%) fired at 900 to 1100 °C. The chemical and mineralogical compositions and physical and thermal analyses of raw materials were investigated by using SEM-EDS, RX and DTA-TG curves. The samples were analysed from the mineralogical, technological and mechanical points of view. The result show that the tuff’s presence in the clay mixtures considerably reduced the shrinkage of the product during the firing process, and the manufactured samples were of excellent quality. The compressive strength of the bricks varied from 5–35.3MPa, being influenced by the tuff content, clay matrix properties and firing temperatures. Finally, the heat demand for increasing the temperature from room to the firing temperature of the sample with 10% tuff content was 22%.

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