scholarly journals Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Debate and Discordance in Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avik Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cell ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Borderline Resectable ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Clinical Trial Designs

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is an extremely fatal malignancy with dismal outcome with standard treatment till date. Investigators are constantly in search of optimal treatment approach and radiation therapy (RT) remains in the centre of debate. Human pancreatic cancer cell lines have shown both intrinsic and hypoxia induced radio resistance, and RT has produced conflicting results as well in the various clinical trials. However, most of the American studies continued the use of RT as a potential treatment modality but the European school of thought is widely criticized for their ‘therapeutic nihilism’ towards radiation and faulty clinical trial designs. This article has reviewed the available literature on the evolving role of RT for the management of resectable and borderline resectable PAC and has highlighted the increasing trend towards the use of radiotherapy for both adjuvant and neo adjuvant treatment. With the advent of modern RT techniques, the acute and late toxicities are much less than the earlier time, and therefore augmented RT is expected to produce better clinical outcomes for the patients with pancreatic carcinoma. 

Role of RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, p-STAT-3 and Mcl-1 in sorafenib activity in human pancreatic cancer cell lines

2009 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Ulivi ◽  
Chiara Arienti ◽  
Dino Amadori ◽  
Francesco Fabbri ◽  
Silvia Carloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell

scholarly journals IL-8 Released from Human Pancreatic Cancer and Tumor-Associated Stromal Cells Signals through a CXCR2-ERK1/2 Axis to Induce Muscle Atrophy

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandler S. Callaway ◽  
Andrea E. Delitto ◽  
Andrew C. D’Lugos ◽  
Rohan Patel ◽  
Rachel L. Nosacka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
C2c12 Myotubes ◽  
Cxcr2 Antagonist ◽  
Host Tissues

Tumor-derived cytokines are known to drive the catabolism of host tissues, including skeletal muscle. However, our understanding of the specific cytokines that initiate this process remains incomplete. In the current study, we conducted multiplex analyte profiling of cytokines in conditioned medium (CM) collected from human pancreatic cancer (PC) cells, human tumor-associated stromal (TAS) cells, and their co-culture. Of the factors identified, interleukin-8 (IL-8) is released at high levels from PC cells and PC/TAS co-culture and has previously been associated with low muscle mass in cancer patients. We, therefore, treated C2C12 myotubes with IL-8 which led to the activation of ERK1/2, STAT, and Smad signaling, and induced myotube atrophy. Moreover, the treatment of mice with IL-8 also induced significant muscle wasting, confirming the in vivo relevance of IL-8 on muscle. Mechanistically, IL-8-induced myotube atrophy is inhibited by treatment with the CXCR2 antagonist, SB225002, or by treatment with the ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126. We further demonstrate that this axis mediates muscle atrophy induced by pancreatic cancer cell CM, as neutralization of IL-8 or treatment with SB225002 or U0126 significantly inhibit CM-induced myotube atrophy. Thus, these data support a key role of IL-8 released from human PC cells in initiating atrophy of muscle cells via CXCR2-ERK1/2.

Whole-Brain Radiotherapy in the Management of Brain Metastasis

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1295-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Khuntia ◽  
Paul Brown ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Minesh P. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Whole Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
New Directions

Brain metastases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, afflicting nearly 170,000 Americans annually. The prognosis for these patients is poor, with median survival times measured in months. In this review article, we present the standard treatment approach of whole-brain radiotherapy and discuss new directions, including the role of chemical modifiers and the management and prevention of neurocognitive deficits.

scholarly journals A PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH RESECTABLE PANCREATIC CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Antonova ◽  
I. S. Bazin ◽  
A. M. Garin ◽  
I. A. Pokataev ◽  
I. B. Sagaidak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Resectable Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Borderline Resectable ◽  
Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Medical Oncologists ◽  
The Russian Federation

Purpose of the study was to provide medical oncologists and surgeons specializing in the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients with the most recent information on the importance and role of chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.Material and Methods. Pubmed and COSMIC databases were used for literature search. Reports of the executive authorities in the field of Health Care of the Russian Federation, as well as worldwide data regarding morbidity and mortality of patients with pancreatic cancer were analyzed. The data of retrospective and prospective clinical trials were studied.Results. Based on the analysis of the most recent publications, the authors provided data on modern approaches to the treatment of operable pancreatic cancer.Conclusion. The data presented in the article summarize results of recent clinical trials. This will allow oncologists to choose the most correct and personalized tactics for the management of patients with resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. 

Bridging the Knowledge Gaps in Arrhythmogenic Cardiovascular Conditions: The Critical Role of Registries

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody Hermel ◽  
Rebecca Duffy ◽  
Alexander Orfanos ◽  
Isabelle Hack ◽  
Shayna McEnteggart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
The Future

Cardiac registries have filled many gaps in knowledge related to arrhythmogenic cardiovascular conditions. Despite the less robust level of evidence available in registries when compared with clinical trials, registries have contributed a range of clinically useful information. In this review, the authors discuss the role that registries have played – related to diagnosis, natural history, risk stratification, treatment, and genetics of arrhythmogenic cardiovascular conditions – in closing knowledge gaps, and their role in the future.

Foreign Labour Migration, Economic Growth and Remittances in Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Laxman Singh Kunwer
Keyword(s):  
Working Environment ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Push And Pull

This paper examines the history and current situation of foreign labour migration in Nepal, which is in increasing trend. This paper highlights on some major push and pull factors, impacts of labour migration and remittances. The role and impacts of remittances in Nepal are also another key issue of this paper. The objective of paper is to discuss historical aspects and highlights the role of remittances in Nepal. The paper is developed with the help of secondary sources of information and discussed only on Nepalese foreign labours. The existing exploitative working environment in destinations of Nepalese migrations labpurs, lack of skills and trainings among labour migrants including government to government agreement between labour sending (Nepal) and labour receiving countries to protect rights of labour migrants also has been discussed. This paper also highlights the need of effective foreign labour policies based on scientific research. There is need of reliable and proper environment of investment of remittances in productive sectors as well as use of migrant's skills and knowledge to achieve prosperity of nation.

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