scholarly journals Revision of some trematodes (Plagiorchiida: Microphallidae) from different birds in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Suhad Y Jassim ◽  
Noor Hussein Yousif ◽  
Zainab A Makawi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Important Family ◽  
The World

The adult worms of the Microphallidae family are mainly found as intestinal parasites of birds and mammals, while metacercariae is most commonly found in decapodal crustaceans. The Microphallidaeare family is spread throughout the world. It includes approximately 47 genera. Mature worms usually enter the digestive system of vertebrates, especially birds and mammals. Microphallidae contain eight subfamilies: Androcotylinae - Basantisiinae - Endocotylinae - Gynaecotylinae - Levinseniellinae - MaritrematinaeMicrophallinae - Sphairiotrematinae. Therefore, due to the lack of studies on the Microphallidae family in Iraq, we began to develop a database on this important family.

scholarly journals Therapeutic use of Adhatoda vasica

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Tofazzal Hossain ◽  
Md Obydul Hoq
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The World

Adhatoda vasica Nees belonging to family Acanthaceae, commonly known as Adosa, is found many regions of India and throughout the world, with a multitude of uses in traditional Unani and Ayurvedic systems of medicine. It is also called “Vasaka”. It is a well-known herb in indigenous systems of medicine for its beneficial effects, particularly in bronchitis. Vasaka leaves, bark, the root bark, the fruit and flowers are useful in the removal of intestinal parasites. Vasaka herb is used for treating cold, cough, chronic bronchitis and asthma. In acute stages of bronchitis, vasaka gives unfailing relief, especially where the sputum is thick and sticky. It liquefies the sputum so that it is brought up more easily. For relief in asthma, the dried leaves should be smoked. The juice from its leaves should be given in doses of 2 to 4 grams in treating diarrhea and dysentery. A poultice of its leaves can be applied with beneficial results over fresh wounds, rheumatic joints and inflammatory swellings. A warm decoction of its leaves is useful in treating scabies and other skin diseases. In olden times its leaves were made into a decoction with pepper and dried ginger. But the modern medicine searched its active ingredients and found out that vasicine, oxyvascicine and vasicinone are the alkaloids present in vasaka and in which vasicine is the active ingradient for expelling sputum from the body.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 156-163

scholarly journals Chironomidae: Biology, Ecology and Systematics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerguine Karima
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Important Family ◽  
Theoretical Synthesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Holarctic Region

The family of Chironomidae is a group of Diptera insects belonging to the suborder of Nematocera, commonly called “non-biting midges” in the adult stage and “bloodworms” in the larval stage. The Chironomidae are often the most abundant group of macroinvertebrates, in number of species and individuals, encountered in all aquatic environments of freshwater, brackish, terrestrial and even the sea. Likewise, Chironomidae occur in all the continents. The Chironomidae family is divided into 11 sub-families that have diffrent ecological statues. Despite the wealth of data on Chironomidae in the Holarctic region, other parts of the world are poorly studied and few guides to identifying Chironomidae have been produced. This chapter includes a theoretical synthesis on the Chironomidae, it deals with the Biology (life cycle and description of different stages), description of all subfamilies and the ecology of this important family of Diptera.

Summing Up

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Dale Purves
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Successful Behavior ◽  
The Brain

A major challenge in neuroscience today is to decipher the operating principle of the brain and the rest of the nervous system in the same straightforward way that biologists have come to understand the functions of other organs and organ systems (e.g., the cardiovascular system, the digestive system, and so on). The argument here has been that the function of nervous systems is to make, maintain, and modify neural associations that ultimately promote survival and reproduction in a world that sensory systems can’t apprehend. In this way, we and other animals can link the subjective domain of perception to successful behavior without ever recovering the properties of the world. Neural function on a wholly empirical basis may be the key to understanding how brains operate.

Human trichostrongylosis and its relationship to ancylostomiasis in southern Iraq, with comments on world incidence

Parasitology ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
The South ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The World ◽  
Irrigation Channels ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
Southern Iraq

An investigation of the occurrence of helminthic intestinal parasites in the population of central and southern Iraq led to the discovery that human trichostrongylosis is relatively common in man along the banks of the Shatt-al-Arab and the lower course of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. In the Basrah area the incidence is 25·4% and at Nasriyah 14·2% but it falls rapidly along the northward course of the rivers and is absent in the centre and north of the country. This is correlated with the occurrence of heavy shade cast by palm forest, high humidity due to the presence of perennial swamps, and the occurrence of grass and other carpet plants in the south; which jointly provide the conditions necessary for the development and survival of the free-living stages ofTrichostrongylus.Hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale) is more evenly distributed over the area and is common farther north where conditions are more arid; owing to the fact that the free-living stages can develop under much drier conditions than those ofTrichostrongylus, probably mainly on moist defaecation sites near irrigation channels.The species ofTrichostrongylusinvolved is not known but is probablyT. colubriformiswhich is common locally in sheep and has been found in man at Abadan by Marsh (1949). Infection is presumably contracted by ingestion of greenstuff carrying infective juveniles.Since infections are light, symptoms minimal and treatment ineffective care should be taken to differentiate trichostrongylosis from ancylostomiasis in order that no unnecessary medication be undertaken.The world incidence of human trichostrongylosis is higher than was formerly believed. The available reports are reviewed, and it is concluded that not less than fifty million persons harbour this worm throughout the globe.

scholarly journals A PRELIMINARY ALGERIAN STUDY OF CONTAMINATION ASSESSMENT FOR PATHOGENIC INTESTINAL PARASITE IN FRESH VEGETABLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (NO.1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziane Mohammed ◽  
Berroukeche Farid ◽  
Braïek Olfa Ben ◽  
Lachlache Nesrine ◽  
Khoualef Touraya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Fresh vegetables are frequently used to prepare fresh salad dishes widely consumed in the world. They are known to be the main source of pathogenic intestinal parasites. In this context, the present work aimed to (a) detect the pathogenic intestinal parasites (PIP) in washed fresh vegetables, and (b) assess the exposure to PIP in the city of Ain Témouchent (Algeria). In fact, 26 samples belonging to six groups of fresh vegetables (cabbages, lettuces, leeks, radishes, peppers and tomatoes) were collected, washed (similarly to domestic wash with or without vinegar addition), then examined for PIP contamination. The results indicated that 90% of the examined vegetable samples were contaminated with intestinal parasites showing higher prevalence in lettuce (70.85%) while the lowest contamination (23.52%) was reported in pepper. In addition, Cryptosperidium (72%) has been found to be the most dominant parasite in all vegetables while Toxocara (8%) was less present. These finding are a preliminary report to conduct a risk assessment of PIP linked to vegetable feeding

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasites and Sanitary Practices among the Rural Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
SA Sultana Azam ◽  
MM Rahman Bhuiyan ◽  
M Zaforullah Chowdhury ◽  
K Ali Miah
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
The World

Infestation with intestinal parasites is a common problem throughout the world. It is estimated that at least one quarter of the world's population is clinically infected with intestinal parasites. In this article, we have tried to explore the relation between intestinal parasites and sanitary practices among the rural children in Bangladesh. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3081 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 01-05

scholarly journals Survival Analisis Suhu Tubuh pada Pasien Diare yang Diberikan Vitamin D

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Sutrimo Usali R ◽  
Endang Darmawan ◽  
Nurcholid Umam Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Potential Mediator ◽  
The World

Diarrhea is a disease that attacks the digestive system, and most caused by microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) Diarrhea is still the second largest cause of death in the world after pneumonia and is still a public health problem in developing countries like Indonesia. Vitamin D is a potential mediator in regulating the immune system to become the body's defense against infection. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of vitamin D based on body temperature parameters. The study was conducted using a double-blind randomized clinical trial experimental research design, in which researchers conducted clinical trials in the control group (placebo) and there was a comparison group (vitamin D adjuvant). Vitamin D provides a better chance of survival as well as a better chance of a decrease in body temperature compared to patients who do not get vitamin D therapy as an adjuvant (additional). Significant results occurred on days 3, 5 and 6.

scholarly journals Studi Identifikasi Dan Prevalensi Endoparasit Pada Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Kerapu Tikus (Cromileptes altivelis) Di Keramba Jaring Apung Unit Pengelola Budidaya Laut Situbondo, Jawa Timur [Prevalence Study And Identification Of Endoparasites On Humpback Grouper Gastrointestinal (Cromileptes altivelis) In Floating Net Cage Marine Culture Management Unit Situbondo, East Java]

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faizal Ulkhaq, Kismiyati, Rahayu Kusdarwati
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
International Market ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
Fish Weight ◽  
Length Range ◽  
Net Cage ◽  
Net Cages ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Marine Culture

Abstract Humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) or also known as polkadot grouper is one of the excellent fish commodities in Indonesia which has trading value reached $ 90-150/kg. As a consumed fish, humpback grouper are needed for beverage at luxuries restaurant and hotel in the world. As major export commodities in Indonesia, since the 1990's the techniques of grouper cultivation in float net rats are enhanced to fulfill international market demand. Humpback grouper fish cultivation techniques in float net cages cannot be separated from the problems in any cultivate activities, one of the causes is a disease and one of the diseases that rushed humpback grouper is parasite. The disadvantages that caused by the parasite is fish’ weight loss. The purpose of this study is to determine the types of endoparasites that attacked the digestive system of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) in float net cages and also to discuss the prevalences of endoparasites that attack the digestive of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) in float net cages. The method of this research is descriptive. The sampling was done in once for 60 fishes with the length range of fish is around 15-20 cm and 4 months old from the float net. The number of each fishes samples that were taken 5-10% from the total of population, where the number of humpback grouper populations in each raft float net are 200 fishes. The main parameters that observed in this study were endoparasites identification species that attack the digestive system of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) in float net cages and the prevalence rates for each endoparasites. The supporting parameters in this study were the water quality in float net cages which includes temperature, pH and salinity are measured during the sample taken. The results showed that 60 samples taken from four float nets 6 fishes were positive infected endoparasitic of trematodes and nematodes, besides 4 fishes are positive infected worms Echinostoma which belong to the class of Trematodes and 2 fishes infected worms Camallanus carangis that belongs to the class Nematoda. The prevalence values for each of the worm are 6.67% for Echinostoma and 3.33% for Camallanus carangis. The research concern the identification and prevalence of endoparasites in Humpback grouper at hatchery is needed to early finding out the attack of endoparasites and to break the flow of endoparasitic spreading.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus Pada Petani

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Refi Fandana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Digestive System ◽  
Significant Health

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that still remains a significant health problem in the world. In Indonesia, 7 percent of people age more than 15 have diabetes, and it caused 99.400 deaths in 2014. There are typical symptoms such as polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, and weight loss, and other symptoms. Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease that affected by genetic component, environment, social, and culture. One of the risk factors that effect is exposure to chemical compound for example pesticides. Pesticides are chemical compounds that are used to kill pests in various sectors of life. Agricultural culture is related to pesticides. Pesticides are potentially toxic to a human when humans are exposed to pesticides through oral, transdermal, or inhalation. The pesticides that enter the human digestive system will be converted into glucose by gluconeogenesis in the intestine and liver. Moreover, there is a relationship between work period, pesticide spraying frequency, use of personal protective equipment, and pesticide dosage with the incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2. Farmers are a higher risk of diabetes mellitus type 2.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Digestive Tract Tumors: Updates From the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization “Blue Book”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul S. Gonzalez ◽  
Anwar Raza ◽  
Robert Propst ◽  
Oyedele Adeyi ◽  
Justin Bateman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Classification ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Context.— The World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Digestive System Tumors, 5th edition, was published in 2019 and shows several impactful changes as compared with the 4th edition published in 2010. Changes include a revised nomenclature of serrated lesions and revamping the classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma is heavily revised, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is split into 2 subtypes. New subtypes of colorectal carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma are described. Precursor lesions are emphasized with their own entries, and both dysplastic and invasive lesions are generally recommended to be graded using a 2-tier system. Hematolymphoid tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and genetic tumor syndromes each have their own sections in the 5th edition. New hematolymphoid lesions include monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma; duodenal-type follicular lymphoma; intestinal T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified; and indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper will provide an in-depth look at the changes in the 5th edition as compared with the 4th edition. Objective.— To provide a comprehensive, in-depth update on the World Health Organization classification of digestive tumors, including changes to nomenclature, updated diagnostic criteria, and newly described entities. Data Sources.— The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Digestive System Tumours, as well as the 4th edition. Conclusions.— The World Health Organization has made many key changes in its newest update on tumors of the digestive system. Pathologists should be aware of these changes and incorporate them into their practice as able or necessary.

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