scholarly journals Preliminary study on the synergistic interaction of Garcinia kola and Vernonia amygdalina against Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Gloria Ogochukwu Chinwuko ◽  
Ugochukwu Moses Okezie ◽  
Calistus Dozie Nwakile ◽  
Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye ◽  
Ifeanyi Justin Okeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Checkerboard Assay ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Due to the emergence and spread of infections caused by Candida albicans especially among immunocompromised patients and increase in resistance by this group of fungi to commonly used antifungal agents, this study was undertaken to investigate the possible synergy between Garcinia kola seed and Vernonia amygdalina leaves extracts against organism. Methods: Ethanol extraction of Vernonia amygdalina leaves and Garcinia kola seeds were carried out and extract evaluated for anti-candida activities. The combined anti-candida activities of the extracts were also assessed using Checkerboard assay. Results: Extract of G. kola seed showed minimal anti-candida activity against the C. albicans with an inhibition zone of 5 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 mg/mL. The combined effect of both extract was demonstrated to be synergistic at most combination ratios tested. Furthermore, the combined effect was observed to have outweighed their individual effect, inhibiting the test isolates at concentration far less than the MICs of each of the extracts. The fractional inhibitory concentration index of the combined extracts at their various combination ratios against C. albicans ranged between 0.14 – 0.45 mg/ml indicating a synergistic effect by the various combinations against the organism. Conclusion: The combined activities by the two extracts showed marked improvement in anti-candida activities compared with their individual activities. The results support harnessing the individual bioactive constituents of the extracts and combining them for the development of potential antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Mentha Pulegium Extract against Staphyloccocus Aureus Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Nehia Hussein ◽  
Zainab Nabeel
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus

    The effects of aqueous and alcoholic of extracts Mentha pulegium leaves were studied on the growth of strain Staphylococcus aureus that isolated from burns. The Phytochemical analysis of The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Mentha pulegium leaves show the presence of bioactive constituents like comarins, steroids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols  and essential oil. the ethanolic extract show an inhibition zone larger than aqueous extract.Results show that the ethanolic extract inhibits bacterial growth with inhibition zone(30.33mm) but the aqueous extract give an inhibition zone(8mm). In this study, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was detected and the result varies according to the type of extract.

Characterization of a lipopeptide-resistant strain ofCandida albicans

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Frost ◽  
Melinda Knapp ◽  
Kim Brandt ◽  
Amber Shadron ◽  
Robert C. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Glucan Synthase ◽  
Resistance Specificity

Lipopeptides are antifungal agents that inhibit cell wall β-(1, 3)-glucan biosynthesis in fungal organisms. A mutant resistant to lipopeptides was generated by UV mutagenesis and characterized. The Candida albicans mutant (LP3-1) was stable and showed resistance specificity to a broad range of lipopeptides and certain glycolipid inhibitors. Other antifungal agents with diverse modes of action had a normal minimum inhibitory concentration profile for LP3-1 compared with the wild-type strain (CCH 442). In the in vitro β-(1, 3)-glucan synthase assay, both the lipopeptides and papulacandin-related agents had considerably higher 50% inhibitory concentration values in the LP3-1 strain than in the wild-type strain. In reconstitution assays, the resistance factor was associated with the integral membrane pellet rather than the peripheral GTP-binding protein. The LP3-1 strain had a membrane lipid profile similar to that of the parent strain and was virulent in a murine model of systemic candidiasis. Taken together, these results indicate that the resistance factor is associated with the integral membrane component of β-(1, 3)-glucan synthase. Lipopeptides are common antifungal agents encountered during screening of natural products. The LP3-1 strain was resistant to natural product extracts known to contain various lipopeptides. Thus, LP3-1 can be used in a dereplication assay.Key words: Candida albicans, β-(1, 3)-glucan synthase, lipopeptides, drug resistance.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Hyphal Growth of Azole-Resistant Strains of Candida albicans by Triazole Antifungal Agents in the Presence of Lactoferrin-Related Compounds

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1587-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Wakabayashi ◽  
Shigeru Abe ◽  
Susumu Teraguchi ◽  
Hirotoshi Hayasawa ◽  
Hideyo Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Important Form

ABSTRACT The effects of bovine lactoferrin (LF) or the LF-derived antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin B (LFcin B) on the growth ofCandida albicans hyphae, including those of three azole-resistant strains, were investigated by a crystal violet staining method. The hyphae of two highly azole-resistant strains were more susceptible to inhibition by LF or LFcin B than the azole-susceptible strains tested. One moderately azole-resistant strain was defective in the formation of hyphae and showed a susceptibility to LF greater than that of the susceptible strains but a susceptibility to LFcin B similar to that of the susceptible strains. The highly azole-resistant strain TIMM3317 showed trailing growth in the presence of fluconazole or itraconazole, while the extent of growth was reduced by the addition of LF or LFcin B at a sub-MIC. Thus, the addition of LF or LFcin B at a sub-MIC resulted in a substantial decrease in the MICs of fluconazole and itraconazole for two highly azole-resistant strains; e.g., the MIC of fluconazole for TIMM3317 was shifted from >256 to 0.25 μg/ml by LF, but the MICs were not decreased for the susceptible strains. The combination effects observed with triazoles and LF-related compounds in the case of the two highly azole-resistant strains were confirmed to be synergistic by the fractional inhibitory concentration index. These results demonstrate that for some azole-resistant C. albicans strains, LF-related compounds combined with triazoles can inhibit the growth of hyphae, an important form of this organism in pathogenesis.

Study of mastoparan analog peptides against Candida albicans and safety in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 1087-1097
Author(s):  
Mariana C Galeane ◽  
Paulo C Gomes ◽  
Junya de L Singulani ◽  
Bibiana M de Souza ◽  
Mario S Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Wasp Venom ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Aim: In this work, mastoparan analog peptides from wasp venom were tested against Candida albicans and safety assays were performed using cell culture and model zebrafish. Materials & methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration was determined and toxicity was performed using human skin keratinocyte and embryo zebrafish. Also, permeation of peptides through embryo chorion was performed. Results: The peptides demonstrated anti- C. albicans activity, with low cytotoxicity and nonteratogenicity in Danio rerio. The compounds had different permeation through chorion, suggesting that this occurs due to modifications in their amino acid sequence. Conclusion: The results showed that the studied peptides can be used as structural study models for novel potential antifungal agents.

In vitroactivities of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against otomycotic fungal pathogens

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 978-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Yenişehirli ◽  
Y Bulut ◽  
M Güven ◽  
E Günday
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Test Method ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjective:To determine the causative pathogens of otomycosis, and to evaluate thein vitroactivity of antifungal agents against these pathogens.Materials and methods:A total of 96 fungal isolate were taken from 92 patients suspected of otomycosis. Thein vitroactivity of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against otomycotic pathogens was tested using the E-test method.Results:The most common pathogen wasAspergillus fumigatus(40.6 per cent), followed byA niger(35.4 per cent),A flavus(12.5 per cent) andCandida albicans(11.5 per cent). AllAspergillusspecies were found to be resistant to fluconazole (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥256 µg/ml). The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole forA fumigatus,A niger,A flavusandC albicanswere significantly lower than those of itraconazole for the same pathogens.Conclusion:This study found that the most common otomycotic fungal pathogen wasA fumigatus, and that voriconazole had more potentin vitroactivity than itraconazole against allAspergillusspecies as well as againstC albicans.

scholarly journals Uji aktivitas antijamur ekstrak black garlic terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Eva Agustina ◽  
Funsu Andiarna ◽  
Irul Hidayati ◽  
Vindi Fristy Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Activity Test

Salah satu tanaman yang berfungsi sebagai  antijamur  adalah bawang  putih yang diinovasikan menjadi produk bawang yang berwarna hitam atau black garlic. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antijamur ekstrak black barlic terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans. Metoda dalam penelitian ini adalah bawang putih dipanaskan selama 35 hari pada suhu 65°C untuk mendapatkan black garlic. Black garlic diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut methanol. Uji aktivitas antibakteri berdasarkan uji zona hambat, konsentrasi hambat minimal (KHM) dan konsentrasi bunuh minimal (KBM). Uji zona hambat dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 100%, 90% dan 80%. Konsentrasi dengan nilai zona hambat yang baik akan dilanjutkan ke uji KHM dan KBM dengan pengenceran ke 1 sampai 5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zona hambat ekstrak Black Garlic dengan konsentrasi 100% memiliki zona hambat paling bagus yaitu 3,15 mm. Uji KHM optimum diperoleh pada pengenceran ke-5 dengan nilai OD terendah 0,460. Uji KBM dari ekstrak black garlic pada pengenceran ke-5 menunjukkan koloni jamur C. albicans masih tumbuh, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa ekstrak black garlic hanya mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur namun tidak bisa membunuh jamur C. albicans. Kata kunci: antijamur; black garlic; maserasi  ABSTRACTActivity test of black garlic extract against the growth of the fungi Candida albicans. One plant that functions as an antifungal is garlic which is innovated into black garlic. The aim of this study is to indentify black garlic extract antifungal activity against of the Candida albicans. The method in this research was heated garlic for 35 days at temperature of 65°C. Black garlic was extracted by maceration method using methanol solvent. Antibacterial activity test based on inhibition zone test, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal kill concentration (MBC). Inhibition zone test with various extract concentrations of 100%, 90% and 80%. Concentrations with good inhibition zone values will be continued to the MIC and MBC tests with dilutions 1 to 5. The results showed that the inhibition zone of black garlic extract with a concentration of 100%, 3.15 mm. The optimum MIC test was obtained at the 5 dilution with the lowest OD value of absorbance 0.460. The MBC test of the black garlic extract at the 5 dilution showed C. albicans fungal colonies were still growing, so it can be said that the black garlic extract was only able to inhibit fungal growth but could not kill C. albicans fungi. Keywords: antifungal; black garlic; maceration

scholarly journals The Phytochemical Analysis and Synergistic Antifungal Effect of Etlingera elatior Jack. Flowers and Murraya koenigii Spreng. Leaves against Candida albican

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1809-1816
Author(s):  
Zulhabri Othman ◽  
Fasehah Ali ◽  
Asdren Zajmi
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Visible Growth ◽  
Checkerboard Assay ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

Traditional medicinal plant possessed antimicrobial properties. Candidiasis is an infection of Candida albicans which has developed resistance towards antifungal drugs. The extracts of Murraya koenigii Spreng leaves and Etlingera elatior Jack flowers were used as antifungal agents individually and in combination against C. albicans. Both extracts were tested for the presence of phytochemicals (alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides and saponins). Individual extracts were examined for antifungal activity using Kirby-Bauer test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were evaluated using microdilution broth assay and checkerboard assay. The extracts of both plants were positive for the presence of phytochemicals flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and saponins. The inhibition zone of M. koenigii leaf and E. elatior flower extracts were 8.33 mm and 8.17 mm respectively. The MIC of M. koenigii and E. elatior ranged from 200 mg/mL to 400 mg/mL and in combination, the extracts were indifferent towards C. albicans (FIC=1.0). MFC revealed there was no visible growth of C. albicans on SDA plate. M. koenigii and E. elatior have potential to be used individually or in combination as antifungal agents against C. albicans.

scholarly journals THE POTENCY OF JAVANESE TURMERIC (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) ETHANOL EXTRACT TO ERADICATE WILD STRAIN CANDIDA ALBICANS BIOFILM

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
AYU DIAH LESTARI ◽  
RIA PUSPITAWATI ◽  
ARIADNA ADISATTYA DJAIS
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

Objective: The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans forms biofilm to increase its resistance toward antifungal agents. Javanese turmeric is an Indonesianmedicinal plant reported to have antifungal effects due to the active component, xanthorrhizol. The objective of this study was to measure the in vitropotential of Javanese turmeric ethanol extract to eradicate C. albicans biofilm.Methods: C. albicans was exposed to Javanese turmeric ethanol extract for 1 h during biofilm formation phases. MTT assay was used to test thepercentage of biofilm eradication.Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of Javanese turmeric ethanol extract against planktonicC. albicans were 15%. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) was 25% in the early phase and 15% in the intermediate andmaturation phases.Conclusions: Javanese turmeric ethanol extract is effective at eradicating clinical isolate of C. albicans biofilm.

scholarly journals Increasing Susceptibility of Drug-Resistant Candida albicans to Fluconazole and Terbinafine by 2(5H)-Furanone Derivative

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irshad S. Sharafutdinov ◽  
Georgii D. Ozhegov ◽  
Alina E. Sabirova ◽  
Valentina V. Novikova ◽  
Svetlana A. Lisovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The frequency of mycoses caused by drug-resistant fungal pathogen Candida albicans has increased drastically over the last two decades. The spread of drug-resistant strains, along with the limitations of currently available antifungals, complicates the management of fungal infections, thereby representing great challenges for clinical healthcare. Among various antimicrobial pharmacophores, 2(5H)-furanone derivatives have demonstrated antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities. In this study, we report the antifungal activity of the 2(5H)-furanone derivative F105, consisting of three pharmacophores, namely chlorinated 2(5H)-furanone, sulfonyl group, and l-menthol moiety. Although exhibiting moderate antifungal activity alone with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 32–256 μg/mL, F105 potentiates the activity of fluconazole and terbinafine with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values of 0.27–0.50. Thus, 16 μg/mL of F105 reduced the MICs of these antifungals against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates four-fold, achieving similar values as for the intermediately susceptible phenotype. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the fluorescent 2(5H)-furanone derivative F145 was also able to penetrate through biofilms formed by C. albicans. Indeed, in the presence of F105, even sub-MIC concentrations of both fluconazole and terbinafine led to significant reduction of C. albicans CFUs in the mature biofilm. Thus, F105 appears to be a promising candidate for the development of novel antifungal agents as well as enhancers of current antifungal agents, particularly for the treatment of drug-resistant C. albicans infections.

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