scholarly journals Assessing the effect of concomitant administration of artemether-lumefantrine and ciprofloxacin on some cardiac parameters in Wistar rats: “The remedial role of vitamin E”

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 094-104
Author(s):  
Jessie Idongesit Ndem ◽  
Pamela Udoh Sylvanus ◽  
Utibe Evans Bassey ◽  
Blessing Obinaju Effiong ◽  
Efosa Godwin Ewere
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

The effect of Vitamin E on some cardiac parameters following concomitant administration of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and ciprofloxacin in male Wistar rats was investigated. Thirty-five male Wistar rats weighing between 190 – 220 g, used for the study were randomly divided into seven groups of five animals each. Group I served as the control. Group II - VII were administered; 8 mg/kg body weight (bw) of AL; 7.14 mg/kg bw of Ciprofloxacin; 8 mg/kg bw of AL + 7.14 mg/kg bw of Ciprofloxacin; 8 mg/kg bw of AL + 8.57 IU of Vitamin E; 7.14 mg/kg bw of Ciprofloxacin + 8.57 IU of Vitamin E; and 8 mg/kg bw of AL + 7.14 mg/kg bw of Ciprofloxacin + 8.57 IU of Vitamin E respectively. All the drugs were administered at their therapeutic regimen. Some cardiac parameters investigated include lipid profile, Troponin I, Troponin T, Creatine kinase, Lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. The result showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in all the parameters of cardiac function when treatment groups were compared with control. The observed increase in cardiac indices were however significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated in Groups V, VII and VII which were co-administered with Vitamin E compared with Groups II, III and IV which received the test drugs independently. The weights of the heart tissues showed the same trend with the parameters of cardiac function assessed and upon administration of vitamin E. The results obtained suggest the antioxidative role of vitamin E in alleviating the negative effects induced by artemether-lumefantrine and ciprofloxacin combination treatment, which may be from the impact of free radicals that may have been generated by the combined drugs.

scholarly journals Anticarcinogenic effect of probiotic fermented milk and chlorophyllin on aflatoxin-B1-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
V. Verma ◽  
R. Nagpal ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
P. V. Behare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of probiotic fermented milk (FM) containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, alone as well as in combination with chlorophyllin (CHL) as an antioxidant agent in male Wistar rats administered aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). AFB1 was injected intraperitoneally at the rate of 450 μg/kg body weight per animal twice a week for 6 weeks, maintaining an equal time interval between the two consecutive AFB1 administrations. A total of 125 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to five groups, each group having twenty-five animals. Group I was offered FM containing L. rhamnosus GG and L. casei strain Shirota. Group II was administered AFB1 and served as the control group; group III was administered FM-AFB1, in which besides administering AFB1, FM was also offered. Group IV was offered CHL and AFB1, and group V was offered both FM and CHL along with AFB1. The rats were euthanised at the 15th and 25th week of the experiment and examined for the biochemical and hepatopathological profile. A significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was observed in the FM–CHL–AFB1 group compared with the AFB1 control group. FM alone or in combination with CHL was found to show a significant (P < 0·05) hepatoprotective effect by lowering the levels of TBARS and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase, indicating that probiotic FM alone or in combination with CHL possesses a potent protective effect against AFB1-induced hepatic damage.

scholarly journals Azathioprine and Methotrexate impaired the morphology and functions of the testes in adult wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 075-081
Author(s):  
A. Akinlolu ◽  
O. Akinola ◽  
P. Khobe ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
O. Dada
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Introduction: AAzathioprine and Methotrexate are both used in the treatment of cancer; and are classified as cytotoxic drugs with reported adverse effects such as oxidative damage to the DNA/RNA, the testes and sperm cells. This study, therefore, tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate administrations impair the morphology and functions of the testes in adult male wistar rats. Methods: AAzathioprine (50-150mg per day) and Methotrexate (2.5mg per week) are used in the treatment of cancer in adult Man. We tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate impair the morphology and functions of testes in rats. Forty adult male wistar rats (150-230g) were employed in the study: Control Group I received physiological saline while Experimental Groups II - V received oral administrations of 5mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 15mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 8mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week and 20mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week respectively for 35 days. Results: Histological examinations of the testes of rats of Groups II - V showed dose-dependent morphological anomalies such as fewer collagen ibers of connective tissues, disrupted seminiferous tubules and scanty spermatozoa when compared to rats of Group I. Statistical analyses showed dose-dependent elevated levels (P≤0.05) of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in testes homogenates of rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. This implied increased oxidative stress in rats of Groups II - V. Evaluations of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone showed dose-dependent significantly elevated levels (P≤0.05) in rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.

scholarly journals Biochemical Effects of Matured Stem Extract of Opuntia Dillenii in Male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Uche C. Njoku ◽  
Benjamin A. Amadi ◽  
Peter U. Amadi ◽  
Onyebuchi E. Ezendiokwere ◽  
Idongesit E. Archibong
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Opuntia Dillenii

Summary The effect of aqueous matured stem extract of Opuntia dillenii on selected biochemical parameters in Male Wistar rats was explored. Standard analytical methods were applied. Forty Wistar rats (80-100g) were used in the animal studies, separated into four groups. The control group was solely administered normal feed and saline, group I was administered 100mgkg−1 of the extract, group II received 300mgkg−1 of the extract and group III received 500 mg/kg−1 of the extract. A significant increase (p<0.05) in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase was observed in group II and III rats, as compared with the controls. A significant decrease in urea and creatinine concentrations was found only in group III rats against the controls. Also, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was seen in group II and group III rats when compared with the control. The hematological evaluation revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in red blood cell and hemoglobin levels in group III rats when compared with the control. The findings showed both beneficial and toxicological effects of the plant. Hence, for optimal therapeutic benefits, a further toxicological survey could still be carried out perhaps at higher doses.

scholarly journals Effect of microencapsulation on Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii viability in the gastrointestinal tract and level of some blood biochemical factors in wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ghorbani-Choboghlo ◽  
Donya Nikaein ◽  
Ali-Reza Khosravi ◽  
Reza Rahmani ◽  
Zohreh Farahnejad
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT     Background and Objectives: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in an adequate amount, confer a health benefit on the host through the gut. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widespread yeast found in nature. This microor- ganism has been used as a probiotic agent in recent years. In this study, the effect of microencapsulation on survival rate of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in the simulated gastrointestinal tract medium and the impact of microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii on some serum biochemical factors in a rat model was evaluated. Materials and Methods: 30 male wistar rats were divided into three groups (control, rats receiving microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii, and rats receiving S. cerevisiae var. boulardii alone). The probiotic was gavaged at a dosage of 2 gr/ kg BW for 8 weeks. Blood was collected from rats at the end of the treatment period and biochemical factors were measured using Mancompany kits. Results: The results showed a significant increase in viability of microencapsulated S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in compar- ison with free S. cerevisiae var. boulardii (p<0.05). Weight of rats in probiotic treated groups was significantly higher in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, probiotic treatment reduced mean levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, free blood sugar and liver enzymes in rats. Conclusion: Microencapsulation could increase the survival rate of yeast probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract; however, more studies are needed for better understanding of the exact effect of microencapsulation on probiotics’ function.

scholarly journals Effect of Lutein in the expression of PPARα and LDLR in hypercholesterolemic male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soundarya Priyadharsini K. ◽  
Nirmala P. ◽  
Ashok Kumar P. ◽  
Krishna Prasad T.
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), a member of this nuclear receptor family, has emerged as an important player in this scenario, with evidence supporting a central co-ordinated role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory and vascular responses, all of which would be predicted to reduce atherosclerotic risk. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) is the primary pathway for removal of cholesterol from the circulation, and its activity is meticulously governed by intracellular cholesterol levels. Hence in this study we investigated the effect of Lutein on PPARα and LDLR expression in liver of wistar rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 each. Group I served as control. Group II III, IV, V and VI rats were received high cholesterol diet. Group III was treated with Atorvastatin 5mg/kg. Group IV, V and VI rats were treated with 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg of Lutein. After 16 weeks, liver tissue samples were collected from all the groups of animals to evaluate the expression of PPARα and LDLR.Results: The expression of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) was significantly increased in Lutein treated hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Lutein activates LDL receptor and PPARα in hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Studies of Key Tissues in Healthy Male Wistar Rats Fed on African Yam Bean Seed and Tuber Meals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Omena Bernard Ojuederie ◽  
John Adebayo Ajiboye ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Food insecurity and malnutrition are currently major issues affecting most developing countries, especially on the African continent. To mitigate this effect, focus is being given to orphan or underutilized crops with immense potentials to boost food and nutrition security in Africa, such as the African yam bean (AYB) Sphenostylis stenocarpa. The effect of AYB seed and tuber meals on the tissues of the kidney, liver, and testis of healthy male Wistar rats were investigated in this study. Four accessions of AYB were used for this study, TSs 107, TSs 140, AYB 45, and AYB 57. Thirty rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 6). Group I was fed on standard pelletized rat chow (control), Group II fed on 50% seed meal, Group III fed on 100% seed meal, Group IV fed on 50% tuber meal, and Group-V fed on 100% tuber meal. At the end of the treatments, the animals were sacrificed after 72 h under light ether anesthesia, and biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on the tissues. Phytate concentration was higher in the seeds (TSs140 (550 mg 100g−1), AYB45 (460 mg 100g−1), and AYB57 (485 mg 100g−1)) compared to the tubers (TSs140 (14.8 mg 100g−1), AYB 45 (275 mg 100g−1), and AYB57 (240 mg 100g−1)). The consumption of 100% unprocessed AYB seeds caused liver and kidney damage in rats due to increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (5.04 ± 1.62 U L−I), alanine aminotransferase (8.46 ± 2.43 U L−I), and lipid peroxidation (0.27 ± 0.02-unit mg−1protein). AYB tubers were innocuous to Wistar rats investigated. Good processing of AYB seeds is required for safe consumption by humans and livestock. This study has shown that tubers of AYB are safe for human consumption and should be utilized in meals as it contains fewer antinutrients and had no significant effect on the tissues examined in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Diosmin Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Injury via Modulation of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Hepatic Inflammation and Apoptosis via NfkB and MAPK Pathway: A Preclinical Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1998
Author(s):  
Abdullah F. AlAsmari ◽  
Metab Alharbi ◽  
Faleh Alqahtani ◽  
Fawaz Alasmari ◽  
Mohammed AlSwayyed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pre Treatment

Hepatotoxicity caused by chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin) is of critical concern in cancer therapy. This study focused on investigating the modulatory effects of diosmin against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I was served as control, Group II was treated with doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.), Group III was treated with a combination of doxorubicin and low-dose diosmin (100 mg/kg orally), and Group IV was treated with a combination of doxorubicin and high-dose diosmin (200 mg/kg orally) supplementation. A single dose of doxorubicin (i.p.) caused hepatic impairment, as shown by increases in the concentrations of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Doxorubicin produced histological abnormalities in the liver. In addition, a single injection of doxorubicin increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Importantly, pre-treatment with diosmin restored hepatic antioxidant factors and serum enzymatic activities and reduced the inflammatory and apoptotic-mediated proteins and genes. These findings demonstrate that diosmin has a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Determination of Impact of Acute and Chronic Administration of Aqueous Root Extract of E. Tremula (Burburwa) on some Haematological parameters in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
H.M. Ahmed ◽  
A. Yakubu ◽  
S.R. Ismail ◽  
A.B. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Salahudden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group I ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Eragrostis tremula (Burburwa) is an herbal plant native to tropical Africa, India and Myanmar. It is found in sandy soils and abandoned cultivations. It is used locally for sweeping, used as fodder for cattle and extensively being used in traditional medicine practice without assessing its safety. This study investigated the impact on blood cells (WBCs) on chronic/acute use of aqueous root extract of Eragrostis tremula among males/females wistar rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, phenols, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and diterpene. Lorke's method was used for oral acute toxicity study (LD50 determination). A total of 20 wistar rats were used, divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I was control and administered with distilled water, Group II, Group III and Group IV were respectively administered with 200 mg, 400 mg and 800 mg of the extract per kilogram body weight, for 21 days. The result of acute oral toxicity study was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Total and differential (neutrophil, lymphocyte, and mixed cells) leukocyte counts were analysed. Eragrostis tremula aqueous root extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased lymphocyte and total leukocyte counts, but no significant changes (p>0.05) were observed in neutrophil and mixed cells count when the treated groups were compared with the control group. In conclusion, the findings of the present study have shown that, aqueous root extract of Eragrostis tremula has impact on lymphocyte and total leukocyte count in the wistar rats which is dependent on dose of the extract. The extract at high doses increases the lymphocyte and total leukocyte counts of the treated groups.

scholarly journals Grain Amaranth Is Associated with Improved Hepatic and Renal Calcium Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of Male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Sarah Namubiru ◽  
Abass Alao Safiriyu ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Dorothy Nakimbugwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background. Dysregulation of calcium signaling is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM) and grain amaranth (AG) has antidiabetic properties. Information on the mechanism of action of AG on blood, renal, and hepatic tissues is sparse, although it continues to be an important alternative medicinal plant in several developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine key changes in calcium levels and s100a1 protein levels and antioxidant and histopathologic changes in blood, renal, and hepatic tissues of male diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods. This was an experimental study in which 30 male Wistar rats were kept for 5 weeks (6 groups, N =5). Groups 1-IV had T2DM induced using Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin: Group I, Mixtard®; group II, positive control; group III, 25% AG; group IV, 50% AG. Furthermore, group V consisted of normal rats given 50% GA and group VI was negative control. Blood, renal, and hepatic tissues were collected and analyzed for calcium, s100a1 protein levels, and antioxidant and histopathological changes. Results and Discussion. In blood, renal, and hepatic tissue, calcium and s100a1 levels were low during T2DM and these increased following AG supplementation. This was important for improved metabolic processes, thus leading to the low malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the tissues. Efficient antioxidant status was important for improved calcium signaling mechanisms, thus leading to improved tissue function and protection demonstrating the importance of AG as an alternative medicinal source through the calcium signaling pathway. Conclusion. Grain amaranth exerts its antidiabetic properties through improved calcium homeostasis in blood, kidney, and liver.

Role of Vitamin E in Mitigating Methomyl Induced Acute Toxicity in Blood of Male Wistar Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharm Paul Garg ◽  
Ravi Kiran ◽  
Anil K. Bansal ◽  
Anshoo Malhotra ◽  
Devinder K. Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats
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