scholarly journals Comparative assessment of organic and non-organic – chickpea and cowpea, nutritional composition and antinutrients upon germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
Rajesh Devisetti ◽  
Jamuna Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Content Range

The nutrient, fatty acid, and antinutrient composition of chickpea and cowpea obtained from organic (org) source and subjected to germination were evaluated in comparison with non-organic (n-org) counterpart. Fat content (range, 2.04-5.89 %) of n-org legumes were higher. Germination significantly reduced the fat content in cowpea, though in chickpea no difference was seen, whereas, for ash and protein, it was vice versa. Dietary fiber content differed significantly between org (22.82 %) and n-org (20.23 %) chickpea. Mineral contents of org chickpea and n-org cowpea were higher. Germination significantly reduced the mineral content, except for copper and phosphorous. Differences in the fatty acid content of org and n-org samples were observed. Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in chickpea (58.88-62.75 %) and cowpea (36.08-40.43 %). In cowpea, germination significantly decreased the palmitic and α-linoleic acid and increased stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids whereas, in chickpea, no differences were seen. The TPUFA content was higher in germinated cowpea, whereas in chickpea it was unchanged. The enzyme activity (phytase, amylase, and protease) increased significantly upon germination and no significant differences between org and n-org legumes were observed. Phytic acid (PA) and saponin content of the org legumes was lower than n-org. Germination significantly reduced the PA content. The molar ratios of PA: minerals significantly improved upon germination indicating a better availability of iron and calcium. Significant differences between org and n-org legumes were observed, but no particular trend was seen to prove that org legumes are better in nutritional quality than n-org legumes.

scholarly journals Genome-edited Camelina sativa with a unique fatty acid content and its potential impact on ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kawall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Multiple Copies

Abstract‘Genome editing’ is intended to accelerate modern plant breeding enabling a much faster and more efficient development of crops with improved traits such as increased yield, altered nutritional composition, as well as resistance to factors of biotic and abiotic stress. These traits are often generated by site-directed nuclease-1 (SDN-1) applications that induce small, targeted changes in the plant genomes. These intended alterations can be combined in a way to generate plants with genomes that are altered on a larger scale than it is possible with conventional breeding techniques. The power and the potential of genome editing comes from its highly effective mode of action being able to generate different allelic combinations of genes, creating, at its most efficient, homozygous gene knockouts. Additionally, multiple copies of functional genes can be targeted all at once. This is especially relevant in polyploid plants such as Camelina sativa which contain complex genomes with multiple chromosome sets. Intended alterations induced by genome editing have potential to unintentionally alter the composition of a plant and/or interfere with its metabolism, e.g., with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as phytohormones or other biomolecules. This could affect diverse defense mechanisms and inter-/intra-specific communication of plants having a direct impact on associated ecosystems. This review focuses on the intended alterations in crops mediated by SDN-1 applications, the generation of novel genotypes and the ecological effects emerging from these intended alterations. Genome editing applications in C. sativa are used to exemplify these issues in a crop with a complex genome. C. sativa is mainly altered in its fatty acid biosynthesis and used as an oilseed crop to produce biofuels.

scholarly journals Fatty acid positional distribution (sn-2 fatty acids) and phospholipid composition in Chinese breast milk from colostrum to mature stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wu ◽  
Runying Gao ◽  
Fang Tian ◽  
Yingyi Mao ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Feeding Time

AbstractThis study quantified the fatty acid profile with emphasis on the stereo-specifically numbered (sn) 2 positional distribution in TAG and the composition of main phospholipids at different lactation stages. Colostrum milk (n 70), transitional milk (n 96) and mature milk (n 82) were obtained longitudinally from healthy lactating women in Shanghai. During lactation, total fatty acid content increased, with SFA dominating in fatty acid profile. A high ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was observed as 11:1 over lactation due to the abundance of linoleic acid in Chinese human milk. As the main SFA, palmitic acid showed absolute sn-2 selectivity, while oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, the main unsaturated fatty acids, were primarily esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Nervonic acid and C22 PUFA including DHA were more enriched in colostrum with an sn-2 positional preference. A total of three dominant phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM)) were analysed in the collected samples, and each showed a decline in amount over lactation. PC was the dominant compound followed by SM and PE. With prolonged breast-feeding time, percentage of PE in total phospholipids remained constant, but PC decreased, and SM increased. Results from this study indicated a lipid profile different from Western reports and may aid the development of future infant formula more suitable for Chinese babies.

scholarly journals Quality Characteristics of Fiber – Rich Biscuits From Blends of Sweet Potato and Tigernut Flour (P04-073-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Obafaye ◽  
Matthew Ohida ◽  
Aderonke Olagunju ◽  
Funmilayo Omoba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Content Range

Abstract Objectives This study sought to prepare biscuit from composite flours of sweet potato and tiger nut flour blends as well as to evaluate nutritional composition and consumer acceptability of formulated biscuits. Methods Sweet potato was purchased at Federal University of Technology Research farm, Akure, Nigeria. Tiger nut (brown variety) and other principal ingredients (sugar, fat and salt) were purchased from Oba market in Akure, Nigeria. All chemicals used were of analytical grade. The sweet potato tuber was processed into flour according to the method described by (Noorakmar, et al., 2012) with slight modification. Tiger nut was processed into flour according to the method described by Awolu, et al (2017). Percentage of TNF in SPF was 10% (SWT10), 20% (SWT20), and 30% (SWT30) while SPF 100% (SWT0) served as control. The procedure for making the biscuits was produced according to the method of AACC, (2000) Moisture, protein, fat, crude fiber, and ash contents were determined according to the method described by A.O.A.C. (2005). Carbohydrate was calculated by difference. Mineral analysis were determined as described by A.O.A.C. (2005), The dietary fiber content of PM-OP biscuits was determined using the described method of the A.O.A.C. (2005). Fatty acid composition was analyzed using the gas liquid chromatography (GLC) as described by Stahle, E. (1967). Sensory evaluation of the formulated biscuit was carried out using 9-point hedonic scale as described by Kaur.et al., (2015) Results Protein content range from 1.74 to 7.53%, fat content range from 2.05 to 12.77%, crude fibre range from 0.63 to 3.81%, ash content range from 5.89–6.68%, moisture content range from 3.84 to 9.84%. Potassium was the most abundant mineral content present in the biscuit and its value ranges from 11.50 to 41.20 mg/100 g. DF increased significantly (P < 0.05) with an increase in Tiger nut. The total dietary fibre value range from 7.15 to 8.69%, the ratio of soluble to insoluble dietary fibre was 3:1. The predominant fatty acid in the biscuit is linoleic acid followed by oleic acid. The overall acceptability revealed that SWT20 was the most acceptable of the biscuits. Conclusions Consumption of fibre-rich biscuit from the blends of sweet potato and tigernut flour could serve as a nutritious snacks capable to reduced the menace of degenerated diseases in a riotous economy Funding Sources None. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Deficit Irrigation as a Suitable Strategy to Enhance the Nutritional Composition of HydroSOS Almonds

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3336
Author(s):  
Saray Gutiérrez-Gordillo ◽  
Leontina Lipan ◽  
Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo ◽  
Esther Sendra ◽  
Francisca Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture

The Mediterranean region is one of the most water-scarce areas worldwide and is considered a climate-change hotspot. To assure the viability and competitiveness of irrigated agriculture, it is vital to implement strategies that can maximize water saving without compromising yield. Deficit irrigation (DI) for cultivating drought-tolerant species such as almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) can help in achieving this goal, while at the same time improving fruit chemical composition. This work evaluated the effect of DI techniques and cultivars on the chemical composition of almonds (cvs. Marta, Guara, and Lauranne) in order to elucidate the most suitable irrigation dose under water-scarcity scenarios. Three irrigation regimes were imposed: a control treatment (FI), which was fully irrigated, receiving 100% of the irrigation requirement (IR), and two sustained-deficit irrigation (SDI) strategies that received 75% (SDI75) and 65% (SDI65) of IR. Significant differences among cultivars and irrigation treatments were observed for antioxidant activity and organic acid, sugar, and fatty acid content, which were increased by the SDI strategies. In addition, highly significant correlations were found between leaf-water potential and components such as fumaric acid, sugars, and fatty acids. In terms of the cultivars, cv. Marta showed the highest antioxidant activity, cv. Guara was the richest in organic acids, and cv. Lauranne had the highest fatty acid content. Consequently, SDI strategies improved almond quality parameters related to their nutritional and sensory composition, with significant water savings (reductions of 25–35%) and without important yield loss.

scholarly journals Transcriptome, Biochemical and Growth Responses of the Marine Phytoplankter Phaeodactylum Tricornutum Bohlin (Bacillariophyta) to Copepod Grazer Presence

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1091-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Li ◽  
Stefanie M.H. Ismar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Transcriptomic Response

Background/Aims: As a model organism for a pleiomorphic marine planktonic primary producer, Phaeodactylum tricornutum has been studied on a molecular level under diverse cultural conditions. But little is known about its morphological, nutritional or transcriptomic responses under grazing stress. Methods: To assess microalgal molecular and cellular responses to grazer presence, we conducted transcriptome profiling in combination with growth rate, biovolume, fatty acid content, carbon and nitrogen content measurements in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. RNA-sequencing was used to evaluate the transcriptomic response to grazing stress for P. tricornutum strain CCAP 1055/1. Results: Among the differentially expressed genes, we found down-regulation of genes involved in pathogen resistance, and in fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, while mitosis-involved genes were up-regulated. Experimentally testing morphological and biochemical responses in five strains of the species, we detected strain-specific significant effects of simulated grazing pressure in altered growth rates, biovolume and nutritional composition. Conclusion: Our research reveals the associated molecular and cellular responses to grazing effects in P. tricornutum and extends the understanding of co-evolutionary roles in regulating grazing defence between P. tricornutum and its grazer.

scholarly journals Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces milk fat content and lipogenic gene expression in the mammary gland of sows without altering litter performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Sandri ◽  
K. J. Harvatine ◽  
D. E. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Lipogenic Gene ◽  
Lipogenic Genes ◽  
Lipogenic Gene Expression

AbstractTrans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) decreases milk fat synthesis in lactating sows and involves, at least in part, the down-regulation of lipogenic genes. The objective was to evaluate the effect of CLA on milk composition and lipogenic gene expression. Twenty multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments for 18 d (from day 7 to day 25 of lactation): (1) control (no CLA added) and (2) 1 % of CLA mixed into the ration. CLA treatment decreased milk fat and protein content by 20 % (P = 0·004) and 11 % (P = 0·0001), respectively. However, piglet weight did not differ between treatments (P = 0·60). Dietary CLA increased the concentration of SFA in milk fat by 16 % (P < 0·0001) and decreased MUFA by 17·6 % (P < 0·0001). In the mammary gland, CLA reduced gene expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α by 37 % (P = 0·003), fatty acid synthase by 64 % (P = 0·002), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 by 52 % (P = 0·003), lipoprotein lipase by 26 % (P = 0·03), acyl glycerol phosphate acyltransferase 6 by 15 % (P = 0·02) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 by 27 % (P = 0·02), whereas the expression of fatty acid binding protein 3 was not altered by CLA treatment (P = 0·09). Mammary expression of casein-β and α-lactalbumin was reduced by CLA by 68 % (P = 0·0004) and 62 % (P = 0·005), respectively. Additionally, CLA had no effect on the expression of lipogenic genes evaluated in adipose tissue. In summary, CLA reduced milk fat content without negatively affecting litter performance and it affected mammary expression of genes involved in all lipogenic pathways studied.

Effect of seed position on fatty acid content in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL George ◽  
CM McLeod ◽  
BW Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Lower Half ◽  
Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Palmitic Acid Content ◽  
Seed Position

Variation among F3 seeds from a single head for linoleic acid content was high (50.0-72.7%) and appeared unrelated to seed position. Fatty acid content of seeds within self-pollinated heads was not affected by unfilled, adjacent seeds. Thus single seed selections for linoleic acid content should not be biased. No general relationship between fatty acid level and seed position was evident from, analyses of bulk samples except that palmitic acid content of seeds from the upper half of heads (7.4%) was higher than from the lower half (6.5%). This may be related to the negative correlation (r = -0.45) between palmitic acid content and seed size. Fatty acid content and weight of seeds from the lower half of heads were less variable than from the upper half.

scholarly journals A polymorphism in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter influences monounsaturated fatty acid content of Duroc × Iberian hams

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0404
Author(s):  
Eliana Henriquez-Rodriguez ◽  
Marc Tor ◽  
Ramona N. Pena ◽  
Joan Estany
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
And Gender

<p>Data on 74 dry-cured hams from Duroc × Iberian pigs were used to examine whether the tag polymorphism <em>AY487830:g.2228T&gt;C </em>in the promoter region of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase [<em>SCD</em>] gene affect fat desaturation and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) as previously described in purebred Duroc hams. Samples were taken from sliced trays of dry-cured hams marketed as <em>Jamón Ibérico de cebo, </em>which were randomly purchased from the same supplier in different stores of the same supermarket chain. Genomic DNA was isolated from each sample to genotype for <em>SCD</em> and gender. Also, a sample of two slices was used to determine fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition by gas chromatography. The effect of the genotype (TT and CT) and gender (barrows and gilts) was estimated under a Bayesian setting.<em> </em>Results showed that the <em>SCD </em>polymorphism was associated to fat composition but not to fat content, with TT hams showing increased C18:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C20:1n-9 and MUFA (probability between 0.92-0.98) and decreased C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6 and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) (probability between 0.91-0.99) as compared to the CT. As a result, the TT hams had more MUFA (0.95%) and a higher MUFA/PUFA ratio (0.43) than the CT. Barrows had more saturated FA (SFA) and less PUFA than gilts. No differences in MUFA content were found between genders. The <em>SCD</em> polymorphism had a greater impact on MUFA than using hams from barrows instead of gilts. It is concluded that the <em>SCD</em> polymorphism is a good tool to increase MUFA and MUFA/PUFA ratio in Duroc crossbred dry-cured hams.</p>

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of oilseeds of Guizotia abyssinica, Medeya cultivar

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
T. Ya. Prakhova ◽  
V. A. Prakhov ◽  
V. I. Buyankin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Guizotia Abyssinica ◽  
Main Component

The Penza Institute of Agriculture has created Medeya cultivar of Guizotia abyssinica , which has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements since 2019 and is recommended in all regions for cultivation. The cultivar has ecological plasticity, is characterized by resistance to drought and high temperatures, as well as high responsiveness to additional moisture. It differs in stable seed productivity and high fat content. The aim of the research is a comparative assessment of the fatty acid composition of oil seeds of Guizotia abyssinica grown in contrasting agroclimatic regions. The object of study was the seeds of G. abyssinica grown in different soil and climatic conditions of the Penza, Astrakhan, Tambov and Volgograd regions. The article presents the results of changes in the content of oil and fatty acids, depending on weather, soil and geographical conditions of growth of the culture. The fat content in the seeds of G. abyssinica varied from 33.3-39.2%, depending on agro-climatic conditions. The rich chernozem soils of the Penza and Tambov regions have a fat content of 36.7 to 39.2%, respectively. In the Volgograd region on chestnut soils, the oil content of the seeds of G. abyssinica was 33.3-35.7 %. The main component of the fatty acid composition of the oil of G. abyssinica is polyunsaturated fatty acid - linoleic, the content of which reaches a high value of 79.17%. The content of oleic acid is low and is 5.26%, and linolenic 1.21%. There is no erucic acid in the seeds. The maximum content of linoleic acid (77.5-80.0%) is noted in oilseeds grown on the black soil of Penza and Tambov. The content of linoleic acid was highest in the optimally wetted conditions of 2016 (GTK 1.1) - 79.17%. In arid conditions, with GTK 0.3, the concentration of this acid significantly decreased to 74.36%. The content of palmitic and stearic acids in GTK 1.1 was 7.82 and 5.80 %, in GTK 0.8, their values reached 7.96 and 5.93 %, and in GTK 0.3 - 8.22 and 7, 91%, respectively. Hotter and drier conditions during the vegetation period of hydration contribute to an increase in saturated acids and a decrease in linoleic acid.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document