scholarly journals Novel approach in various types of cancer treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
Sandesh Arun Patil ◽  
Kajal Sunil Shinde ◽  
Heena Bholaram Choudhary ◽  
Rohan Rajkumar Patekar ◽  
Sachin Devidas Rede
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Novel Approach

Cancer is a mutagenic disorder which causes uncontrollable growth of cells in the body. This uncontrolled growth further produces the tumor. This action stimulates the immune system which can prevent or promote tumor growth. Novel strategies for treatment of cancer are also to target this immune system. Many conventional treatments are restricted for the particular organ tumor. So, these therapies are no more in use. Cancer is the second most fatal disorder worldwide. Therefore, there is always a great need for research for the treatment strategies for cancer. Treatment of cancer is a serious topic to be discussed worldwide. Our study shows the novel treatments (e.g., target therapy, Immunotherapy, Hormones therapy) for different categories of cancer. Very first we discussed the description of different types of cancer and then its treatment strategies. We also discussed the Novel therapy systems for cancer that are in view of more definite comprehension over the tumor science depending on most recent new innovation and are expected to improve the current treatment result for patients with disease. However, a significant number of these methodologies still have one normal and basic issue, being restricted for tumor cells.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON COVID-19 PANDEMIC A GLOBAL THREAT-CURRENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
SUNITHA SUKUMARAN ◽  
S. SATHIANARAYANAN
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat

Covid19 (Coronavirus) is a life-threatening virus that mainly affects our respiratory system, kidney, and GIT tract. People with a low immune system in their body fall prey to it. This virus (2019-nCoV) spreads easily from one person to another. As there is no treatment to kill the virus, the only way to stop this pandemic is through precautions and reduce the viral load in the body. This review reveals the main types of coronaviruses, history, pathophysiology, current treatment, drawbacks of current treatment, targets for drug development against Covid-19, vaccines discovered for covid-19, side effects of the currently available vaccines, and current status of this situation. The main mechanism of action of the virus easily enters to bind with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the human body cells. Management of the virus several approaches will be taken mainly isolation of the patients and contacts the contacts, oxygen therapy for respiratory failure patients based on the severity Remdesivir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Chloroquine, and Hydroxychloroquine, Alpha-interferon and plasma therapy can be used to control the infections. In India, AYUSH is also recommended to enhance the immune system through herbal-based products, Vaccination is also recommended by most of the countries, but many side effects and drug-drug interactions were reported for the above treatments. So that in future a new way of approach should be developed by our health organization as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Review of the efficacy of HEPA filtered air to control coronavirus risks in cleanrooms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Sandle
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Large Family ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Outer Coating

The risk of viral transmission in the built environment is a matter of concern in the era of the novel coronavirus pandemic, for most of society, given that humans spent the majority of their time indoors. For pharmaceuticals and healthcare, there is an additional concern about working in cleanrooms and the degree to which protective measures are appropriate. With cleanrooms, an important concern is with the efficacy of HEPA filters. This article looks at the risks stemming from SARS-CoV-2 and applies these to the cleanroom context. The article concludes that the cleanroom environment does not contribute to the risk of viral transmission, and certain design aspects can, in fact, reduce the risk compared with other built environments. Characteristics of the novel coronavirus Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV). Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted between animals and people ¹. Coronaviruses are classified as RNA ‘enveloped’ viruses, whereas viruses such as rotavirus, or poliovirus are termed non-enveloped. Enveloped viruses have an envelope or outer coating which is needed by the virus to help it attach to the host cell. If this outer coating is destroyed, for example by a disinfectant, the virus cannot survive. The mode of transmission for enveloped viruses is characterized by the specific virus; however, the most common routes are via indirect or direct contact of infectious virus particles, contact with or inhalation of respiratory droplets ². The specific coronavirus of concern is SARS-CoV-2, with SARS standing for ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome’ and CoV representing ‘coronavirus’. The associated respiratory disease is termed COVID-19 (to represent ‘coronavirus disease 2019). This particular virus can cause severe respiratory disease because cells in the lung are damaged and no longer able to transport oxygen into the bloodstream. Some symptoms of disease such as fever and fatigue result from the activities of the immune system trying to eliminate the infection from the body. Heat (fever) inactivates viruses and fatigue results from the high energy demands of the immune system fighting the virus ³.

scholarly journals Management of Chyle Leak after Head and Neck Surgery: Review of Current Treatment Strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean W. Delaney ◽  
Haoran Shi ◽  
Alireza Shokrani ◽  
Uttam K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
Chyle Leak ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbances

Chyle leak formation is an uncommon but serious sequela of head and neck surgery when the thoracic duct is inadvertently injured, particularly with the resection of malignancy low in the neck. The thoracic duct is the primary structure that returns lymph and chyle from the entire left and right lower half of the body. Chyle extravasation can result in delayed wound healing, dehydration, malnutrition, electrolyte disturbances, and immunosuppression. Prompt identification and treatment of a chyle leak are essential for optimal surgical outcome. In this article we will review the current treatment options for iatrogenic cervical chyle leaks.

scholarly journals Investigating Potential Applications of the Fish Anti-Microbial Peptide Pleurocidin: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Katelyn A. M. McMillan ◽  
Melanie R. Power Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Human Cancer Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer

The anti-microbial peptide (AMP) pleurocidin is found in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), an Atlantic flounder species. There is promising evidence for clinical, aquaculture, and veterinary applications of pleurocidin. This review provides an overview of the current literature available on pleurocidin to guide future research directions. By fully elucidating pleurocidin’s mechanism of action and developing novel treatments against pathogenic microbes, populations of flatfish and humans can be protected. This review consulted publications from PubMed and Environment Complete with search terms such as “pleurocidin”, “winter flounder”, and “antimicrobial”. The fish immune system includes AMPs as a component of the innate immune system. Pleurocidin, one of these AMPs, has been found to be effective against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. More investigations are required to determine pleurocidin’s suitability as a treatment against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. There is promising evidence for pleurocidin as a novel anti-cancer therapy. The peptide has been found to display potent anti-cancer effects against human cancer cells. Research efforts focused on pleurocidin may result in novel treatment strategies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and cancer. More research is required to determine if the peptide is a suitable candidate to be developed into a novel anti-microbial treatment. Some of the microbes susceptible to the peptide are also pathogens of fish, suggesting its suitability as a therapeutic treatment for fish species.

scholarly journals The Role of Nanomaterials in the Treatment of Diseases and Their Effects on the Immune System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1884-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Rezaei ◽  
Mohsen Safaei ◽  
Hamid Reza Mozaffari ◽  
Hedaiat Moradpoor ◽  
Sara Karami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Body Response

Nanotechnology has been widely exploited in recent years in various applications. Different sectors of medicine and treatment have also focused on the use of nanoproducts. One of the areas of interest in the treatment measures is the interaction between nanomaterials and immune system components. Engineered nanomaterials can stimulate the inhibition or enhancement of immune responses and prevent the detection ability of the immune system. Changes in immune function, in addition to the benefits, may also lead to some damage. Therefore, adequate assessment of the novel nanomaterials seems to be necessary before practical use in treatment. However, there is little information on the toxicological and biological effects of nanomaterials, especially on the potential ways of contacting and handling nanomaterials in the body and the body response to these materials. Extensive variation and different properties of nanomaterials have made it much more difficult to access their toxicological effects to the present. The present study aims to raise knowledge about the potential benefits and risks of using the nanomaterials on the immune system to design and safely employ these compounds in therapeutic purposes.

Mucoadhesive microspheres: An Emerging trends in therapy of diabetes mellitus.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Singh ◽  
Deepak Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Novel Drug

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is concluded as a one of major health problems which is associated with the excessive glucose level in blood. Various conventional therapies are marketed available which have adverse effects and not effected too much. Materials and Method: After focusing on the disadvantages of the conventional drugs the novel drug delivery system (NDDS) came into existence and make revolutionary changes in the field of pharmaceutical industry. This paper focused on the types of diabetes mellitus, NDDS and treatment strategies for the diabetes mellitus. Result: Mucoadhesive microspheres are an interesting and emerging field for encapsulated the conventional molecule. This paper provides the detail information on the advantages and disadvantages of microsphere. Narrative literature by authors using the antidiabetic drugs to formulated into micropsheres. Conclusion: In short, mucoadhsevie microspheres are a novel approach to overcome the disavadantages associated with the antidiabetic drugs.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Immune Perspective and Current Treatment Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Sajid Mansoor ◽  
Rimsha Zaffar ◽  
Rabia Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Mild Fever

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a well-established and globally lethal respiratory pandemic, affecting millions with about 10% fatality rate. Infected patients show mild to severe symptoms that may manifest as mild fever, cough, headache and nausea or they may even remain asymptomatic. World Health Organization has reported over 245,373,039 confirmed cases worldwide with 4,979,421 deaths (October 2021). There are myriads of promising approaches to pharmacologically treat the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the newly reported seventh human coronavirus, which is responsible for this pandemic. Various types of potential drugs; monoclonal antibodies, interferon therapies, peptides, small molecule drugs, oligonucleotides and vaccines are under consideration and target various structural components of the virus.  A strong host immune system is a key player in combating COVID-19 along with the effective vaccines that are a game-changing tool. The focus of the review is some worth mentioning drug candidates; remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, aloxistatin, viracept, homoharringtonine, ivermectin, favipiravir, tocilizumab, chloroquine and leronlimab against COVID-19 infections, targeting the membrane nucleocapsid, spike or envelope proteins, either currently in clinical trials or under consideration. Many drugs directly inhibit the viral infection while others trigger the immune system to fight against the virus. Furthermore, we also discussed the current covid vaccines; Pfizer, Moderna, etc. from different technical lines for immunization. Therefore, here we review how the immune system tries to manage the infection as well as vaccines and some of the potential therapeutic agents. Copyright(c) The Authors

Study of immune-mediated mechanisms in patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: phenotypic and functional analysis of monocytes and NK cells in the blood of subjects affected by COVID 19 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ietto ◽  
Lorenzo Mortara ◽  
Domenico Iovino ◽  
Daniela Dalla Gasperina ◽  
Andreina Baj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

UNSTRUCTURED The novel coronavirus has a high mortality rate (over 1% for patients older than 50). This could be only partially ascribed to other comorbidities. Possible explanation could be something which assures the ability to prompt response to SARS-CoV-2 in younger people independently from the novelty of the virus itself. Something stimulated the immune system and it scattered immunity against more antigens. The only external stimulation, which healthy people receive, is vaccination (i.e. diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine). One hypothesis is that vaccination develops the specific immunity but generates a sprouting immunity against antigens in transit. The underlying immunological phenomena are “bystander effect” and “trained immunity”. The developed immunity gives protection for years until the natural fade out. After the fifth decade a viral infection will find immune system almost incompetent and the novel coronavirus bursts into the body, developing an ARDS. The first study’s aim is to demonstrate that monocytes, NK, CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, in patients with severe infection to SARS-CoV-2, show an overpowering hyperactivity. The secondary objectives are to correlate clinical data and vaccination history with laboratory immune pattern, to identify protective factors. Four categories of 30 patients will be analyzed: A) Asymptomatic patients; B) Mildly symptomatic patients: with fever, tiredness, dry cough, diarrhea, ect; C) Patients with diagnosis of pneumonia with “low risk” score; D) Patients with diagnosis of pneumonia with “moderate/high” risk score. Data will be collected using 3 approaches: An experimental analysis to study the innate immune response and to identify the genetic profiles; An epidemiological analysis to identify the patients’ vaccination history; A clinical analysis to detect the immunological profile. We suppose to recognize different populations of patients, each one with a specific immunological pattern in terms of cytokines, soluble factors serum level and immune cells activity. Anamnestic data such as preceding vaccinations and comorbidities, biochemical data findings as lymphocyte immunophenotyping and pre-existing persistent cytomegalovirus infection allow depicting the risk profile of severe COVID-19. The proof of a role of these immunological phenomena on the development of COVID-19 are bases for implementation of therapeutic immunomodulatory treatments.

scholarly journals Optimizing language for effective communication of gene therapy concepts with hemophilia patients: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Hart ◽  
Brian R. Branchford ◽  
Sarah Hendry ◽  
Robert Ledniczky ◽  
Robert F. Sidonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Time Instant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Group Interviews

Abstract Background For communities of people living with hemophilia and other genetic conditions, gene therapy could represent a paradigm shift in treatment strategies. As investigational therapeutic modalities such as gene therapy become more widely used and discussed, there is a critical need for all stakeholders to communicate using a lexicon that is intelligible, accurate, consistent, and representative of novel treatments. In doing so, expectations can be more carefully managed and potential risks, benefits, and limitations better understood. In recognition of this need, a first-ever study of gene therapy lexicon was conducted using established methods of market research and linguistic analysis. Methods Ninety-four participants representing hematologists, nurses, caregivers, and people with hemophilia A, in six countries (US, UK, Spain, Germany, France, Italy) took part in a series of in-depth interviews, face-to-face focus groups, an advisory board meeting, and online group interviews to develop, refine, and test verbal, written, and pictorial language concepts through a three-phase iterative process. Sessions were conducted in local languages using detailed discussion guides. Feedback from participants was captured using real-time instant-response dial testing to measure moment-by-moment emotional responses to language stimuli. Semiquantitative analysis of the responses informed selection of preferred language concepts for final testing, and qualitative discussion explored preference rationale. Participants also completed polling and forced rank and choice written exercises. Results Study feedback showed that the hemophilia community has preferences around consistent lexicon to describe hemophilia and its management. Expert linguistic analysis of feedback from the three phases enabled agreement of a consensus lexicon of vocabulary and an optimized summary narrative for talking about gene therapy amongst people affected by hemophilia A. Preferences were largely consistent across audiences and countries, although some country-specific recommendations were made. A representative summary phrase was agreed: “Gene therapy is being studied in clinical trials with the aim to allow the body to produce factor VIII protein on its own”. Conclusions The use of preferred language across different stakeholders increases understanding and comfort during discussions of novel and complex therapeutic modalities such as gene therapy. Consistent use of community-informed lexicon minimizes miscommunication and facilitates informed decision-making regarding potential future treatment opportunities.

Current concepts of the interventional treatment of proximal supraaortic vessel stenosis

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernemann ◽  
Bender ◽  
Melms ◽  
Brechtel ◽  
Kobba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Brachiocephalic Artery ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
Angioplasty And Stenting

Interventional therapies using angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic stenosis of the proximal supraaortic vessels have evolved as safe and effective treatment strategies. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current treatment concepts for stenosis in the subclavian and brachiocephalic artery with regard to clinical indication, interventional technique including selection of the appropriate vascular approach and type of stent, angiographic and clinical short-term and long-term results and follow-up. The role of hybrid interventions for tandem stenoses of the carotid bifurcation and brachiocephalic artery is analysed. A systematic review of data for angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis is discussed with a special focus on restenosis rate.

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