scholarly journals Pollutants and climatic conditions related to the formation of photochemical oxidants

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 001-005
Author(s):  
Shigeru Suna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Stepwise Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Photochemical Oxidants

Solar radiation produces harmful compounds such as atmospheric oxidants and pharmaceutical intermediates through photochemical reactions. To clarify the variables related to the formation of photochemical oxidants, hourly data of air pollutants and climatic conditions in the Tokyo region of Japan from late May to early June 2020 were analyzed. Air pollutants, NO, NO2, CO, SO2, NMHCs and CH4, were significantly lower in 2020 than those in 2019. It seems to indicate that Japan's economic activity was suppressed by the COVID-19 emergency. Photochemical oxidants and NO were significantly higher during the day than at night. It shows the photochemical reaction is progressing during the day. Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that relative humidity, ambient temperature, NO, CO, wind speed and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons) were significant independent variables for photochemical oxidants formation.

Pengaruh Tekanan Waktu, Locus Of Control , Tindakan Supervisi, Dan Materialitas Terhadap Penghentian Prematur Atas Prosedur Audit Studi Kasus Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Sulastiningsih Sulastiningsih ◽  
Intan Ayu Candra
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Premature Termination ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Public Accountant

The purpose of this study is to prove: (1) Time pressure, locus of control, the action of supervision and materiality partially affect the premature termination of the audit procedures (2) Time pressure, locus of control, supervision and materiality simultaneously affect the premature termination on the audit procedures. This research was conducted in Public Accountant firm in Yogyakarta region of which total 12 samples of KAP, by distributing 105 questionnaires, and 57 questionnaires were returned (54%). 34 of the returned questionnaires can be processed (34%). The samples in this study were determined by using non-probability sampling, one of purposive sampling methods. Data analysis consisted of: (1) validity test, reliability test and classical assumption. The result showed that the instruments used are quite reliable and valid (2) multiple linear regression analysis. The results are (a) Some of independent variables partially affect premature termination of the audit procedure, while the action of supervision does not influence premature termination of audit procedures (b) All independent variables influence simultaneously to the premature termination of the audit procedures (c) All independent variables showed that as much as 55% it affects on premature termination of the audit procedures, the rest of it are influenced by other variables. (3) Friedman Test. The result shows that there are order of priority of audit procedures being terminated.

scholarly journals The Influence of Police Treatment and Decision-making on Perceptions of Procedural Justice: A Field Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242782110309
Author(s):  
Bo L. Terpstra ◽  
Peter W. van Wijck
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Police Behavior ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Social Observation ◽  
Perceived Procedural Justice ◽  
Dutch Cities

Objectives: This study examines whether police behavior that signals higher quality of treatment or decision-making leads to higher perceived procedural justice. Methods: Analyses are based on data collected during police traffic controls of moped drivers in two Dutch cities over a period of six months. Police behavior was measured through systematic social observation (SSO), and data on perceived procedural justice were collected through face-to-face interviews immediately after the encounters. Linear regression analysis with bootstrap estimates was used (n = 218), with an overall perceived procedural justice scale as the dependent variable in all regressions. Independent variables included an overall observed procedural justice index and four separate scales of police treatment and decision-making. Results: We find no evidence that police behavior that signals fairer treatment or decision-making leads to higher perceived procedural justice. Conclusions: Our findings add to the currently very limited empirical evidence on an important question, and raise questions about a central idea, that more procedurally just treatment and decision making by authorities leads to an increase in perceived procedural justice and enhanced compliance. The first of these requires more research.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Environmental Air Quality and Its Relationship with Seasonal Climatic Conditions in Eastern China during 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4524
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyi Shi ◽  
Chunhua Pan ◽  
Sisi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Environmental Air

Exploring the relationship between environmental air quality (EAQ) and climatic conditions on a large scale can help better understand the main distribution characteristics and the mechanisms of EAQ in China, which is significant for the implementation of policies of joint prevention and control of regional air pollution. In this study, we used the concentrations of six conventional air pollutants, i.e., carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), and ozone (O3), derived from about 1300 monitoring sites in eastern China (EC) from January 2015 to December 2018. Exploiting the grading concentration limit (GB3095-2012) of various pollutants in China, we also calculated the monthly average air quality index (AQI) in EC. The results show that, generally, the EAQ has improved in all seasons in EC from 2015 to 2018. In particular, the concentrations of conventional air pollutants, such as CO, SO2, and NO2, have been decreasing year by year. However, the concentrations of particulate matter, such as PM2.5 and PM10, have changed little, and the O3 concentration increased from 2015 to 2018. Empirical mode decomposition (EOF) was used to analyze the major patterns of AQI in EC. The first mode (EOF1) was characterized by a uniform structure in AQI over EC. These phenomena are due to the precipitation variability associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), referred to as the “summer–winter” pattern. The second EOF mode (EOF2) showed that the AQI over EC is a north–south dipole pattern, which is bound by the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River (about 35° N). The EOF2 is mainly caused by seasonal variations of the mixed concentration of PM2.5 and O3. Associated with EOF2, the Mongolia–Siberian High influences the AQI variation over northern EC by dominating the low-level winds (10 m and 850 hPa) in autumn and winter, and precipitation affects the AQI variation over southern EC in spring and summer.

Control of Volumetric Properties of Hot-Mix Asphalt by Field Management

1996 ◽  
Vol 1543 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Prithvi S. Kandhal ◽  
Kee Y. Foo ◽  
John A. D'Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Preceding Work ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
Variable Analysis

Significant differences in the volumetric properties of laboratory-designed and plant-produced hot-mix asphalt (HMA) generally exist as demonstrated by FHWA Demonstration Project No. 74. The volumetric properties include voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) and voids in the total mix (VTM). Guidelines for HMA contractors are needed to reconcile these differences and maintain control of volumetric properties during HMA production. The HMA mix design and field production test data (such as asphalt content, gradation, and volumetric properties) from 24 FHWA demonstration projects were entered into a data base and statistically analyzed. The objective was to identify and, if possible, quantify the independent variables (such as asphalt content and the percentages of material passing the No. 200 and other sieves) that significantly affect dependent variables VMA and VTM. The statistical analysis methods consisted of correlation analysis, stepwise multiple-variable analysis, and linear-regression analysis. On the basis of preceding work, guidelines have been developed for HMA contractors to reconcile the differences between the volumetric properties of the job mix formula and the produced HMA mix.

Photochemical reactions of azo compounds. IX. Further studies related to the photochemical reactions of bisazo compounds

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Jamieson ◽  
GE Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Azo Compounds ◽  
Bisazo Compounds ◽  
First Time

The photochemical reactions of 4,4?-bis(phenylazo)biphenyl and 4- phenyl-azoazobenzene in 98% sulphuric acid have been examined, for comparison with the corresponding reactions in 22N acid. Photochemical cyclodehydrogenation of 4-phenylazoazobenzene to two benzo[c]cinnoline derivatives has thereby been effected for the first time. The observed course of the latter reaction has led, in turn, to studies of the benzidine rearrangement of 2-(2-phenylhydrazino)benzo[c]- cinnoline, of the photochemical cyclodehydrogenation of 3-phenylazobenzene, and of the photochemical reaction of 2-phenylazobenzo[c]cinnoline. The results of these investigations are now recorded and discussed.

Correlation between FA and ADC, number and length of the periprostatic neurovascular fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 039156032110637
Author(s):  
Valerio Di Paola ◽  
Angelo Totaro ◽  
Giacomo Avesani ◽  
Benedetta Gui ◽  
Andrea Boni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Good Agreement

Purpose: Our aim was to explore the relation between FA and ADC, number and length of the periprostatic neurovascular fibers (PNF) by means of 1.5 T Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) imaging through a multivariate linear regression analysis model. Methods: For this retrospective study, 56 patients (mean age 63.5 years), who underwent 1.5-T prostate MRI, including DTI, were enrolled between October 2014 and December 2018. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the statistically significant correlation between FA values (dependent variable) and ADC, the number and the length of PNF (independent variables), if p-value <0.05. A value of 0.5 indicated poor agreement; 0.5–0.75, moderate agreement; 0.75–0.9, good agreement; 0.61–0.80, good agreement; and 0.9–1.00, excellent agreement. Results: The overall fit of the multivariate regression model was excellent, with R2 value of 0.9445 ( R2 adjusted 0.9412; p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation ( p < 0.05) for all the three independent variables. The r partial value was −0.9612 for ADC values ( p < 0.0001), suggesting a strong negative correlation, 0.4317 for the number of fiber tracts ( p < 0.001), suggesting a moderate positive correlation, and −0.306 for the length of the fiber tracts ( p < 0.05), suggesting a weak negative correlation. Conclusions: Our multivariate linear regression model has demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between FA values of PNF with other DTI parameters, in particular with ADC.

LED Light Sources in Organic Synthesis: An Entry to A Novel Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Das
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Blue Led ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Novel Approach

: In recent years, photocatalytic technology has shown great potential as a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable technology. Compared to other light sources in photochemical reaction, LEDs have advantages in terms of efficiency, power, compatibility, and environmentally-friendly nature. This review highlights the most recent advances in LED-induced photochemical reactions. The effect of white and blue LEDs in reactions such as oxidation, reduction, cycloaddition, isomerization, and sensitization is discussed in detail. No other reviews have been published on the importance of white and blue LED sources in the photocatalysis of organic compounds. Considering all the facts, this review is highly significant and timely.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene Status, Periodontal Status, and Periodontal Treatment Needs among Institutionalized Intellectually Disabled Subjects in Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilima S. Kadam ◽  
Rahul Patil ◽  
Abhijit N. Gurav ◽  
Yojana Patil ◽  
Abhijeet Shete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stepwise Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index

The aim of the study was to determine influence of intellectually disability (ID) on oral hygiene status (OHS), periodontal status (PS), and periodontal treatment needs (PTNs) and investigate the association of these clinical parameters with various sociodemographic and clinical variables among multicentric institutionalized ID subjects aged 5–55 years in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by both questionnaire and clinical examination. OHS, PS, and PTNs of these subjects were assessed by recording Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs, respectively. Analysis of variance and multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Of the 576 subjects examined, the mean age of the subjects was 17.50 ± 7.4 years. Subjects with profound level of ID had the highest mean OHI-S, PS, and PTNs scores of 4.47 ± 1.04, 2.84 ± 0.78, and 2.25 ± 0.44, respectively, as compared with other ID groups (P<0.0001). The present study signified that ID subjects had poor OHS and PS with the highest PTNs and were influenced by age (P<0.0001), degree of ID (P<0.0001), SES, location, institution type, and parent’s level education. The present study underlines a considerable need for prevention and treatment of periodontal disease among ID subjects in India.

scholarly journals Observations of air composition in Brazil between the Equator and 20°s during the dry season.

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Crutzen ◽  
M.T. Coffey ◽  
A.C. Delany ◽  
J. Greenberg ◽  
P. Haagenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Air Chemistry ◽  
High Concentrations

Field measurement programs in Brazil during the dry season months of August and September in 1979 and 1980 have demonstrated the great importance of the continental tropics in global air chemistry. Especially in the mixed layer, the air composition over land is much different from that over the ocean and the land areas are clearly longe scale sources of many inportant trace gases. During the dry season much biomass, burning takes place especially in the cerrado regions leading to substantial emission of air pollutants, such as CO, NOx, N2O, CH4 and other hydrocarbons. Ozone concentrations are alsoenhanced due to photochemical reactions. Biogenic organic emissions from tropical forests play likewise an important role in the photochemistry of the atmosphere. Carbon monoxide was found to be present in high concentrations in the boundary layer of the tropical forest, but ozone concentrations were much lower than in the cerrado.

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