scholarly journals Adjectives characterizing the water and near-water space in the Khanty language

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-707
Author(s):  
A. A. Shiyanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Space Research ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Water Space

Introduction: the article considers the names of adjectives that characterize the water and near-water space in the Khanty language on the material of Western dialects. The lexical and semantic structure and word-formation models were determined, the number of units of adjectives included in this group was revealed. Objective: to identify semantics and word-formation capabilities of adjectives of the Khanty language characterizing water and near-water space. Research materials: the file card composed of examples of bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language, folklore collections, and spoken speech samples collected from informants. Results and novelty of the research: the result of the study is the description of semantics and word-formation models of language units characterizing water and near-water space in the Khanty language on the material of the Kazym, Shuryshkar and Ural dialects. Lexical and semantic groups include the characteristic of water and near-water space: surface of water in liquid and solid state, extent, presence or absence of signs of water and near-water space. This vocabulary is formed according to six word-formation models. The scientific novelty of the study consists in systematization of this lexical and semantic group of adjectives in the Khanty language, consideration of methods of word formation, specification of lexical units characterizing this space.

scholarly journals Semantics of adjectives of sound in the Khanty language

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-563
Author(s):  
A. A. Shiyanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Card Index

Introduction: the article is devoted to identification of specifics of language processes in nomination of the sign «sound» in the Khanty language on the material of Western dialects. Objective: to consider the semantics of adjectives of sound in the Khanty language (word-formation models, lexical-semantic groups, compatibility, and intensification). Research materials: the card index consisting of the examples from bilingual dictionaries of the Khanty language, folklore collections, and samples of speech of informants. Results and novelty of the research: the result of the research is description of semantics of the language units making a basis of process of characteristic of a sound that allows receiving estimates of sound feelings in human consciousness. In all studied dialects of the Khanty language word formation of adjectives of sound occurs according to six models: 1) «N + =әŋ» model, 2) «N + = ԓy» model, 3) «V + = әŋ/=эŋ/=аŋ» model, 4) «N + =ԓy-N + =ԓy» model, 5) «N + =и-N + =y» model, 6) «V + =әŋ-V + =әŋ» model. These adjectives form seven lexical-semantic groups and include various sounds made by people, animals, nature, mechanical sounds, etc. The scientific novelty of the research consists in systematization of this lexical-semantic group, consideration of ways of word formation, specification of the lexical units characterizing a sound.

ABOUT PROJECTIONS OFTHE MENTAL STRUCTURE INTO LANGUAGE AND SPEECH (on the example ofthe concept-proposition)

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
N.A. Iliukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Logic ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Linguistic Activity ◽  
Structuring Knowledge ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Linguistic Units

The author examines, using the example of a concept-proposition, multiple manifestations of the connection between a mental unit and units of a language system, argues that the principle of structuring knowledge, characteristic of a proposition, is found in the semantic structure of a sentence, a word-formation nest, in the logic of lexical metonymy, in the logic of transferring definitions, as well as in the ability of a noun to represent knowledge of a propositional nature in speech, concludes that there is a deep commonality of mental and linguistic activity. The semantic structure of the sentence and the structure of the syntactic proposition are isomorphic to the structure of the mental proposition. The vectors of the transfer of the definition from one term of the sentence to another, as well as to the designation of the entire situation, often have propositional logic and are closed by the framework of one sentence. Propositional logic is observed in many word-building nests, especially consistent with the structure of nests organized by a polyactant verb. Among the verbal derivatives in the nest, the percentage of lexemes that name the components of the corresponding situation is significant, in some cases - all the main components of the situation. At the lexico-semantic level, the projection of a proposition on the phenomenon of metonymy is described. Among the models of transference, a variety is highlighted, called propositional metonymy. It includes transfers of the name, the vectors of which (shift of the focus of attention) reflect the structure of the proposition. Another manifestation of the connection between a proposition and linguistic units, considered in the article, is the facts of using a single noun in speech of any lexical and grammatical semantics to represent all situations of any structural complexity. The realized perspective of the research (from the mental unit to linguistic units and processes that reveal with it a certain isomorphism in the logic of categorization and conceptualization of knowledge) allows us to reveal an important line of interaction between the mental and linguistic levels.

Deadjectival Verbs of Essive Semantics in German, English and Ukrainian: A Typological Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Pouzik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Inactive State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Typological Approach ◽  
Semantically Heterogeneous ◽  
Model Subject ◽  
Interpretation Model

The peculiarities of the semantics and structure of verbs derived from adjectives in German, English, and Ukrainian have been analyzed. The verbal lexemes of the languages compared can be defined by means of a semantic interpretation model “Subject of a Situation Is a Motivating Adjective”; they constitute a semantically heterogeneous group of “essive” verbs (from Lat. esse - ‘to be'). Within the framework of the derivational category of “essive” verbs at the level of derivational semantics subcategories, semantic groups and subgroups have been distinguished. In the semantic structure of “essive” deadjectival verbs of German, English, and Ukrainian, the opposition is reproduced on the basis of an “active/inactive state of the subject of a situation when revealing a feature denoted by a motivating adjective”. On this basis, the “essive” verbs of the compared languages are divided into two derivational subcategories: “proper essive” deadjectival verbs (inactive state of the subject of a situation when revealing a feature) and “quasi-essive” verbs derived from adjectives (active state of the subject when revealing a feature). In terms of interlingual comparison, the author notes the quantitative superiority of the two subcategories of the Ukrainian “active” deadjectival verbs over the corresponding subcategories of German and English, while within each language of comparison the quantitative ratios of the selected subcategories are different: in Ukrainian the subcategory of “proper essive” deadjectival verbs is superior over the subcategory of “quasi-essive” verbs, while in German and English the “quasi-essive” deadjectival verbs are quantitatively superior over the subcategory of “proper essive” deadjectival verbs (in German the quantitative difference is insignificant (nine verbs), and in English the group of “quasi-essive” deadjectival verbs is almost twice as big as in German). Within the selected derivational subcategories of the languages compared and on the basis of the presence/absence and nature of certain additional semantic components in the semantic structure of “essive” deadjectival verbs, semantic groups have been distinguished. Two semantic groups can be clearly distinguished within “proper essive” deadjectival verbs, depending on whether the feature revealed by the subject of a situation is necessarily visually perceptible (“expositive”) or visually imperceptible (“intra-essive”). The group of “expositive” deadjectival verbs of Ukrainian is eight times as big as the corresponding semantic group in German, while in English no deadjectival verbs of “expositive” semantics have been found. In German and English, the main way to derive essive verbs from adjectives is conversion (85% and 56%, respectively). In English, conversion is supplemented with suffix models (44%). Essive suffix deadjectival verbs make up 100% of the material in Ukrainian and 15% in German.

scholarly journals Semantic Modulation of the English Verbs of Leaving in Terms of the Space of Sets (On the Example of the Verbs Leave, Depart)

2020 ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
A.S. Dautova
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Linguistic Reality

The article presents the experience of studying the semantic structure of the English verbs with the meaning of leaving. The author focuses on the problem of modulating the meaning of the English verbs “leave”, “depart” and their transition into another lexical and semantic group. The urgency of the study lies in addressing the category of space as one of the basic linguistic forms of conceptualization and interpretation of extra-linguistic reality, which man operates in the process of cognition, interpretation of the surrounding world. The problem of research is solved by describing the modulation of meaning in terms of the concept of space of sets, as one of the factors contributing to the change of meaning. The verification of the research hypothesis is based on the analysis of lexicographical data sources of the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Modern American English.

On twittizens and city residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Tarasova ◽  
Natalia Beliaeva
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract The present study analyses native speaker perceptions of the differences in the semantic structure of compounds and blends to specify whether the formal differences between compounds and blends are reflected on the semantic level. Viewpoints on blending vary, with some researchers considering it to be an instance of compounding (Kubozono, 1990), while others identify blending as an interim word formation mechanism between compounding and shortening (López Rúa, 2004). The semantic characteristics of English determinative blends and N+N subordinative compounds are compared by evaluating the differences in native speakers’ perceptions of the semantic relationships between constituents of the analysed structures. The results of two web-based experiments demonstrate that readers’ interpretations of both compounds and blends differ in terms of lexical indicators of semantic relations between the elements of these units. The experimental findings indicate that language users’ interpretation of both compounds and blends includes information on semantic relationships. The differences in the effect of the semantic relations on interpretations is likely to be connected to the degree of formal transparency of these units.

scholarly journals SEMANTICS OF THE KHANTY ADJECTIVES CHARACTERIZING WEATHER PHENOMENA

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
ANASTASIA A. SHIYANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Weather Events

The article considers the semantic structure of the Khanty adjectives characterizing weather phenomena. The study is carried out on the material of Western dialects of Khanty - Kazymsky, Shuryshkar and Priural. The material for the study was a card file composed of examples of bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language, folklore collections and samples of spoken speech collected from Khanty native speakers. The result of the study was a description of the semantics of the language units characterizing weather events in all studied dialects of the Khanty language. Five word-building patterns were discovered for the adjectives: 1) «N+ =әӈ/=єӈ», 2) «N + =ԓы», 3) «N + =и/=ы», 4) «V + =ам/=әм», 5) «N + =ам». These adjectives form 4 lexico-semantic groups. Neither systematization of these lexico-semantic groups has been previously performed, nor the 5 word-building patterns have been previously reported in the literature devoted to the Khanty language. Another contribution was clarification of lexical units characterizing natural phenomena.

scholarly journals Structural and Semantic Peculiarities of Verbal Derivatives of Onomasiological Categories

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Olga Migorian ◽  
Tetiana Pavlovych
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
English Language Development ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Lexical Study ◽  
Derivatives Of

During the last century, the development of word-forming issues has been investigated so intensely that today it is possible to state the existance of a number of approaches and its versatile study both in synchrony and diachrony. Some linguists have studied the issues of word formation within etymology, while others have considered the problems of word formation in the context of grammar, focusing on structural analysis. Representatives of the lexical study described predominantly semantic relations between different structural units. Confirmation of the theory of interaction of different linguistic levels was the study of structural and semantic relations in oppositional pairs of "forming lexical unit – derivative". The main task of historical and onomasiological research, which is the basis of our research is to reveal the nature of the semantic structure of the concept; to trace the basic tendencies of the historical development of the prefixal way of word formation in English, the change of its semantic boundaries and the basic structures from epoch to epoch. The linguistic form of content is a word in general and a derivative in particular. The article presents an attempt to investigate the dynamics of efficiency of structural and semantic patterns of verbal prefixal derivatives within onomasiological categories during four periods of the English language development.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL MODELS OF COMPLEX TERMS IN INSTITUTIONALLY LEGAL DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Ponomarova L.V.
Keyword(s):  
Term Structure ◽  
Special Function ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Judicial Discourse ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Everyday Communication

Goal. The aim of the study is to identify structures typical for the speech realization of terminological compounds in the institutionally legal segment of judicial discourse. The article presents an analysis of terminological compounds of different quantitative structure.Methods. To bring the need for terminological spoluks as more detailed and unambiguous forms of the term are supplemented by advanced methods: for the definition and description of the semantic structure of the previously described terminological spheres of the methodists; spiritual and visual signs of pre-visualized structures appeared for the additional statutory method; kіlkіsny method vikoristano for the value of the frequency of implantation of terminological spoluks in the texts of the institute and legal discourse.Results. The result of the investigation was the classification of terminological compounds of institutionally legal discourse by syntactic and semantic indicators. In modern terminology, the problem of modification, loss of properties of the term as a result of convergence of terminology with common vocabulary is relevant. This convergence is especially noticeable in legal discourse, due to its proximity to everyday communication. For this reason, so-called illusion of understanding the text appears. This is especially noticeable in the use of terminological compounds, where part of them is common vocabulary. Conclusions. Given the functional approach to the definition of the term, it can be stated that multicomponent terminological compounds meet all the requirements for the term, namely, are lexicalized phrases of special function, are included in all semiotic relations, and so on. They also perform a number of other functions that are uncharacteristic of one-word terminology. The functions of multicomponent terms are determined by the needs of institutionally legal discourse, and are related to the methods of word formation, each of which affects the coherence, connectivity and other characteristics of the text. The choice of terminology allows to provide absolutely comprehensive, detailed and accurate information.Key words: terminological connection, terminological system, professional vocabulary, common vocabulary, term structure. Мета. Метою дослідження є виявлення структур, типових для мовленнєвої реалізації термінологічних сполук в інституційно-правовому сегменті юридичного дискурсу. У статті представлений аналіз термінологічних сполук різної семантичної структури.Методи. Довести необхідність термінологічних сполук як більш вичерпних та деталізованих і однозначних форм терміна допомогають такі методи: для визначення і опису семантичної структури досліджуваних термінологічних сполук використовувався структурний метод; спільні і відмінні ознаки досліджуваних структур виявлялись за допомогою зіставного методу; кількісний метод використано для визначення частотності вживання термінологічних сполук у текстах інституційно-правового дискурсу. Результати. Результатом розвідки стала класифікація термінологічних сполук інституційно-правового дискурсу за синтаксичними та семантичними показниками. У сучасній термінології виникає проблема видозмінювання, втрати властивостей терміна в результаті конвергенції термінології із загальновживаною лексикою. Ця конвергенція помітна у юридичному дискурсі через його наближеність до повсякденного спілкування. Із цієї причини виникає так звана ілюзія розуміння тексту. Висновки. Зважаючи на функціональний підхід до визначення терміна, можна констатувати, що багатокомпонентні тер-мінологічні сполуки задовольняють всім вимогам, що пред’являються до терміна. Вони також виконують ряд інших функцій, які невластиві однослівній термінології. Термінологічна сполука має чітку дефініцію та структуру, завдяки чому усувається можливість неоднозначності. Семантична структура зазначених одиниць визначається потребами інституційно-правового дискурсу і пов’язана з методами словотворення, кожен з яких впливає на зв’язність, з’єднаність й інші характеристики тексту. Ключові слова: термінологічна сполука, терміносистема, професійна лексика, загальновживана лексика, структура терміна.

scholarly journals FIGURATIVE MEANINGS IN THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF MULTI-VALUED RELATIVE ADJECTIVES OF THE LEXICO-SEMANTIC GROUP ‘‘BIRDS’’

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.I. Mikhalev ◽  
L.V. Pugina
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Group

An experimental vocabulary article compiled by the authors is presented that describes the arrangement of the semantic structure of a multi-valued relative adjective. Some figurative meanings characteristic of the adjectives of the thematic group “Birds” are revealed and fixed. Attention is paid to the method of metaphorical transfer, the result of which is new lexico-semantic variants of qualitative semantics and stable phases containing figurative meanings as semantic components.

scholarly journals Lexical-semantic and word-formation features of verbs in the materials of the book «The Songs of the Kazym River in the Collection of the Okrug House of Folk Art»

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
I. M. Moldanova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Art ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
First Time ◽  
Formation System

Introduction: the article is devoted to the lexical and grammatical features of the verbal vocabulary functioning in the songs of Bears Games, based on the material of the book «The Songs of the Kazym River in The Collection of the Okrug House of Folk Art». The book presents field material recorded by employees of the Okrug House of Folk Art in 1988–1992s in the Yuilsk settlement of Beloyarsky District and in the Kyshik settlement of Khanty-Mansiysky District. In the course of the study, the archaic vocabulary, existing in this sphere, and word-formation means, attached to the root of the verb and modifying its meaning, are revealed. Objective: to identify the archaic verbal vocabulary presented in the texts of Bear’s songs; to give the most complete lexicographic description; to consider the word-formation system of verbal units. Research materials: the collection «Songs of the Kazym River in The Collection of the Okrug House of Folk Art» (2019), bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language. Results and novelty of the research: in the paper, for the first time the verbal vocabulary of the texts of Bear’s songs is analyzed; archaic lexemes that are not represented in modern dictionaries of the Kazym dialect, but find separate parallels in the eastern and southern dialects, are identified; 18 verbal word-formation morphemes are identified, among them suffixes that are not represented in modern grammars. The most commonly used suffixes are the multiplicity and duration suffixes =iλә=, =ijәλ=/=ĭjәλ=, =әt’λ’ә= / =λ’ә=.

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