scholarly journals Manuscript materials of P. E. Sheshkin as the source on the ethnic history of the Ugric community: periodization and ethnolinguistic aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-747
Author(s):  
S. A. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Transition Stages

Introduction: for the first time, the article considers the representations that affect the problem of periodization of the formation of the ancient Ugric community (the ancestors of the Mansi, Khanty, and Hungarians) and their division into the Hungarians and Ob Ugric peoples. Transition stages from one period to another are revealed, which are manifested in the migrations of peoples. Folklore plots reflecting the Ugric period are reconstructed and their comparison with ethnic history is reproduced. The analysis of the language material provides an understanding of the existence of each period, conveys the essence of the values and historical processes of the time under study. Objective: to reveal based on the analysis of folklore texts and data of the language of the Northern Mansi group (Sosva and Sygva dialects) new ideas about the periods of the ethnic history of the Ugric community.Research materials: manuscript texts of P. E. Sheshkin’s notebooks, his personal archive, as well as published expedition records of researchers of the XX century. Results and novelty of the research: during the analysis of folklore and language materials, we identified main stages in the formation of the Ugric community. Each of the periods is distinguished by its characteristic features: 1. phase of development – the presence of large associations (tribes), the direction of their migration, settlement, conditions of existence and their changes; 2. phase of completion – the collapse of large associations into small groups (sometimes assimilation), their movement, settlement, marriage contacts; 3. transition period (general) – the end of the «fairy-tale era» is caused by new relevant aspects of the worldview in connection with the ideas formed by the Heroic Epos in new conditions. Folklore data of the periodization of Ugric community are reflected in its ethnic history. The novelty of the study lies in the introduction of little-known folklore, ethnographic materials and practically disappeared, Lombovozh subdialect of the Sygva dialect of the Northern group of the Mansy, collected by P. E. Sheshkin. In practical terms, the material of the article can be used by cultural scientists, ethnographers, linguists, and folklorists.

Ivan Kavaleridze`s dramaturgy on the Sumy stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Budianskyi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Musical Comedy ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Old Men ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The characteristic features of I. Kavaleridze’s drama is considered in the article. It is noted that there are signs of the artist’s individuality, attraction to expressionist forms, artistic techniques characteristic for the art of sculpture: symbolism, monumentality, hyperbole. I. Kavaleridze was well versed in the drama laws, understood the specifics of the stage events construction, had a large arsenal of literary means, thanks to which the characters’ monologues and dialogues were extremely expressive and colorful. In his work, he implemented original solutions that were ahead of time. Therefore, many of the artist’s ideas and achievements received due recognition only after his death. I. Kavaleridze’s creative heritage covers a wide range of both purely artistic and general philosophical problems. Among them the formation of the era of modernism and its features in the Ukrainian art of the early XX century, the impact of revolutionary ideas on the work of the 1920s, the role of spiritual leaders of the Ukrainian people T. Shevchenko and G. Skovoroda in the formation of national consciousness, political and ideological pressure on figurative art language and the formation of a socialist-realist canon, etc. The analysis of the productions of I. Kavalerizde’s plays “The First Furrow” and “Gregory and Paraskeva” on the stage of the Mykhailo Shchepkin Sumy Theater of Drama and Musical Comedy in 1970-1972. The article notes that these plays were staged in Sumy for the first time in the history of Ukrainian theater. The premiere of “The First Furrow” (the play was called “Old Men”) took place on March 19, 1970. The figure of the national genius Hryhoriy Skov oroda was als o embodied for the first time on t he stage in Sumy in th e play “Hryhoriy and Paraskeva”. It premiered on October 21, 1972. I. Rybchynsky, Honored Artist of the USSR, performed the production. Creating generalized historical outlines of people’s life, features of life at that time, depicting psychological portraits of people in various, sometimes-dramatic collisions, in the productions of I. Kavaleridze’s plays on the Sumy stage the emphasis was on universal values such as virtue, love. The main character was the Ukrainian people, who nurtured such large-scale historical figures, gave them strength and wisdom for great achievements. Based on publications in periodicals of that time, memoirs of Ukrainian directors, the peculiarities of the director’s interpretation, stenographic and musical design of these plays on the Sumy stage are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of acting works in I. Kavaleridze’s plays. In particular, the peculiarities of the actor’s embodiment of the image of the national genius Hryhoriy Skovoroda on the stage are presented. It is noted that I. Kavaleridze’s plays, created in a difficult political, social and ideological context, are rightly considered to be highly artistic works of Ukrainian drama. Their staging was carried out on various theatrical stages, including Mykhailo Shchepkin Sumy Theater of Drama and Musical Comedy is an important page of national theatrical art.

scholarly journals Genesis and some issues of genre self of the Chechen literary tale

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Ovkhad A. Dzhambekov ◽  
◽  
Vakha S. Rasumov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features

In the article reveals the characteristic features of the Chechen literary tale. There is considered the question of the legality of distinguishing a fairy tale as a literary genre. Analyzing the history of the formation of the Chechen literary fairy tale, the authors note the structural similarity between folk and literary fairy tales, as well as the nature of the use of folklore motives by writers, which expand the genre palette of literary fairy tales.

scholarly journals Karasubazar: Historical Topography of the City of the Crimean Khanate in the 16th-18th Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Sergei G. Bocharov
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Planning History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The article covers the main points of the town-planning history of Karasubazar, the city of the Crimean khanate, and, most importantly, offers a graphic reconstruction of its master plan for the last quarter of the 18th century, the final stage of the state’s existence. Reconstruction of the historical topography of the late medieval city was carried out for the first time on the basis of three types of sources – written, cartographic, and archaeological. All the basic elements of the city’s historical topography as well as the plan of quarterly residential development and a network of streets are reconstructed. Characteristic features of the location of the quarters inhabited by the Greek, Armenian and Jewish population among the main population of the Tatar inhabitants are revealed. City mosques, bathhouses, fountains supplying the citizens with water, hotels-caravanserais, shopping malls, and production workshops are localized. It is found out that Karasubazar was the second largest settlement in the state, its capital Bakhchisarai being the largest one. By the final stage of the Crimean khanate’s existence the area of the urban development of Karasubazar was 109.0 hectares

scholarly journals The landscape code “water / river” in the ritual folklore of the Forest Yukaghir and its significance in the ethnic history of the people

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
L. N. Zhukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
The People ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
The One

The paper considers one of the main landscape codes of Kolyma Yukaghir hunters and fishermen, namely, the code of water / river. The significance of the water resources of the forest and taiga zone as lactating, transporting, and serving as a reference point in space is captured in the oral folklore of the forest Yukaghirs (Oduls). The image, functions, and significance of water/river according to folklore genres are considered. The pagan appeals to the deified “nursing” elements, their attendant rites, and modern functioning are analyzed. Lyric songs are closely adjacent to this genre, with the maternal nature of the water element functionally highlighted in them. In prosaic texts, the poetic component of the macro image of the water / river is reduced, and the text can directly or indirectly report a real or potential danger emanating from the water. The nursing function of the elements in them is only implied; the river acts as a transport artery, serving as a landmark on the ground. The ambivalent symbolism of water is clearly reflected in the ancient fairy-tale cycle about Mythical old peoplecannibals, legends about the struggle with neighboring peoples, little stories. In the stories about shamans, the magical power of water is actualized. The analysis of the multi-genre texts showed the ambivalence of the water element, on the one hand, lyrically sung in songs and ritual folklore, on the other, bearing a real threat and the potentiality of meeting with hostile creatures. The basis of this algorithm is the feeling of constant anxiety, the need for a quick response, and the adoption of protective responses. The factors identified could influence the formation of the ethno-psychological world of the northern nomad.

scholarly journals THE FOURTH BASTION OF SEVASTOPOL: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERY OF 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
В. Л. Мыц ◽  
С. Л. Соловьев ◽  
А. Ф. Покровская ◽  
Н. Ф. Соловьева
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Adaptive Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

В 2018-2019 гг. основным объектом исследований Севастопольской экспедиции ИИМК РАН стали оборонительные сооружения, расположенные на Историческом бульваре г. Севастополя. Археологические раскопки Четвертого бастиона позволили проследить историю его строительства. Впервые были получены достоверные данные о местоположении, характере и конструкции основных элементов фортификации правого фланга 4-го бастиона: валганга, горжи, эскарпа и контрэскарпа. Открыты орудийные дворики, части бруствера с орудийными амбразурами, вспомогательные площадки для размещения боеприпасов, погреба для хранения пороха и бомб, блиндажи для личного состава. Во рву обнаружены вырубленные в скале навесы-убежища и 14 входов в контрминные галереи, потайной ход для скрытного перемещения войск. В ходе раскопок собрана представительная археологическая коллекция предметов войны и быта защитников бастиона и их противников, достойная пополнить экспозиции музеев Севастополя, посвященных его обороне в годы Крымской войны. В 2019 г. специалистами ИИМК РАН и Эрмитажа разработана и представлена в Министерство культуры РФ концепция музеефикации и приспособления для современного использования выявленных сооружений в районе правого фаса 4-го бастиона на Мемориальном комплексе памятников обороны города в 1854-1855 гг. «Исторический бульвар» (г. Севастополь). In 2018-2019 defensive fortifications located in the Istoricheskiy (Historical) Boulevard of Sevastopol (Fig. 1) became the main object of excavations carried out by the Sevastopol expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (RAS). The archaeological excavations of the fourth bastion provide an insight into the history of its construction. Reliable data on location, characteristic features and technical design of the key fortification elements of the bastion right flank such as terreplein, neck line, escarp and counterscarp were obtained for the first time. The excavations revealed gun positions, parts of breastwork with gun ports, auxiliary areas for ammunition storage, a magazin for gun powder and bombs, dugout shelters for manpower. Shelter awnings cut out in rock and 14 entries into countermine galleries as well as a secret passage for surreptitious movements of troops (Fig. 3; 4) were identified. A representative archaeological assembly of war items and paraphernalia of bastion defenders and their enemy was collected during the excavations. It will replenish expositions of the Sevastopol museums dedicated to its defense in the Crimean war (Figs. 5-8). In 2019 specialists of the Institute for the History of Material Culture prepared a concept note for museification and adaptive use of constructions discovered in the right side of the fourth bastion at the 1854-1855 Memorial Ensemble of the City Defense Sites known as ‘the Historical Boulevard' (Sevastopol). The concept note was forwarded to the Russian Ministry of Culture.

Alexander Galagan: Russian titan of the Enlightenment in the history of accounting

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail I Kuter ◽  
Marina M Gurskaya ◽  
Alexander V Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
English Language ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
English Language Literature ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Outstanding Representative ◽  
Language Literature

The purpose of the article is to analyze the characteristic features of the Enlightenment in Russian accounting in relation to the activity of its outstanding representative Alexander Galagan, who followed the motto, proclaimed in the essay “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?” by Immanuel Kant, “Sapere aude!” (Dare to know!). For the first time in the English language literature, Galagan is spoken about not only as a theorist but as an accounting historian and a teacher. A detailed description of his works and views is presented. The article’s attention is focused on Galagan’s main aim: improving the status of accounting as a science. Following the results of the research, the following hypothesis has been advanced: which period of time should be regarded in Russian accounting as the Enlightenment? It has also been explained why Alexander Galagan can be considered as a model of Enlightenment.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY THE PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE OF CHUVASHIA IN 2000–2010

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Rustem A. Idrisov
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Modern Information Technology ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the research conducted by the author is to clarify the distinctive features in the development of the prosecutor’s office of the Chuvash Republic in the first decade of the 2000s. This topic has an absolute novelty and is raised for the first time in Russian historical science. The author of the article is a member of the author’s group consisting of lecturers of I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, which conducted a comprehensive study of the history of the Prosecutor’s office of Chuvashia in 2021. The article contains interim results of the study reflecting the main facts and events of the history of the Republican Prosecutor’s Office in the period under review. A number of facts analyzed in the article, which were revealed by the author thanks to archival documents introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, have novelty as well. The main methods used in the study were the traditional methods for the Russian historical science problem – chronological and comparative-historical methods. The first of them made it possible to trace the consistent nature of historical events reflecting the development of the Prosecutor’s Office of Chuvashia in 2000–2010. Thanks to the second method, the facts of regional history were considered in comparison with the general processes that took place in the life of the Russian Federation during the period under review. In addition, the author applied a systematic approach, which was expressed in studying the activities of the state legal institution of the Prosecutor’s Office as an integral part of the country’s legal system. The result of the study was identifying the characteristic features in the development process of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Chuvash Republic in 2000–2010. These include strengthening state government institutions both in Chuvashia and in Russia as a whole. Against this background, there was a significant reorganization of the prosecutor’s office. Some changes occurred in determining the main priorities of activity. The evolution in the nature of activity is also significant. The prosecutor’s offices became noticeably more open to the public, this is manifested, among other things, in the use of modern information technology opportunities. Special attention was paid to the moral and ethical qualities of the prosecutor’s office staff. The research topic has a high degree of relevance, practical significance and the prospect of continuation in connection with preparing a monographic publication by the author’s group.

scholarly journals The influenceof the natural and geographical specifics of Crimea on the formation of some characteristic features of traditional Crimean culture: matrix of interaction between: “Local” and “Alien” ethnic groups on the peninsula

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
Nadir V. Bekirov ◽  
◽  
Farit N. Shakurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Impact

The usual Crimean studies have formulated a concept of lack of the genesis of traditional Crimean culture due to its approach to an ethnic history of Crimea as a replacement of a number of various and distinguished substituting ethnic groups with neither biogenetic nor cultural and linguistic continuity between them. That point was artificially implanted by the political reasons as a scientific pseudo-justification of the en-masse deportation of some Indigenous Peoples of Crimea and Northern Caucasus realized by the Soviet Power in 1940s. However, the attentive studying of the historical process in Crimea during the thousands of the years, inevitably leads to the conclusions that there were not series of total genocides among ethnic groups populating the territory of the Crimea in different times. Despite of military clashes, invasions, periodical conquests, the very natural and geographical conditions of the peninsula predetermined the inevitable involvement of different ethnic groups in economic, cultural, political, and biogenetic, and eventually even kinship relations. This was main way how a new stage of Crimean culture and inhabitants was being formed during centuries. This was the fundamental tendency of the genesis of the traditional Crimean culture and indigenous peoples of the Crimea, mainly formed by the end of the 18th century. The mechanism of the impact of these factors and the resulting matrix of interaction between the “local” and “newcomer” ethnic groups in the Crimea is analyzed in this article.

COMBATING CORRUPTION IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Марина Михайловна Василенко
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Domestic Law

В статье обосновывается актуальность проведенного исследования в области противодействия коррупции; анализируются правовые нормы, предусматривающие ответственность за деяния, имеющие коррупционную составляющую, в памятниках феодального отечественного права, нормативных актах периодов образования централизованного государства Руси и времен сословно-представительной монархии, эпохи становления и развития абсолютизма в нашем государстве. Особое внимание уделено исследованию такого исторического документа, как Уложение о наказаниях уголовных и исправительных, в котором впервые значительно детализированы нормы, предусматривающие ответственность за должностные преступления. Кроме того, изучены и меры противодействия коррупции, отраженные в уголовном законодательстве советского периода. Применение историко-правового метода позволяет выделить наиболее характерные черты коррупционных проявлений и применяемые за них виды наказаний на различных исторических этапах развития отечественного уголовного законодательства, проанализировать продуктивность применения данного правового инструмента в части борьбы с коррупционными правонарушениями. При этом автором делаются выводы о недостаточной эффективности современного уголовного законодательства в вопросе борьбы с должностными преступлениями и необходимости учета богатого опыта отечественного уголовного законодательства в сфере противодействия такому негативному феномену, как коррупция. На основании метода обобщения автором предлагаются конкретные меры, направленные на совершенствование уголовного законодательства в сфере противодействия коррупции. The article establishes the relevance of the conducted research in the field of combating corruption; analysis of legal norms providing for liability for acts that have a corruption component, in the monuments of feudal domestic law, regulations of the periods of formation of the centralized state of Russia and the era of estate-representative monarchy, epoch of formation and development of absolutism in our state. Special attention is paid to the study of such historical document as the Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishments, which for the first time significantly details the norms providing for responsibility for official crimes. In addition, the anti-corruption measures reflected in the criminal legislation of the Soviet period. The use of the historical-legal method to highlight the most characteristic features of corruption and use them for the types of punishment in different historical stages of development of the domestic criminal law, to analyze the productivity of application of this legal instrument in fighting corruption. At the same time, the author draws conclusions about the insufficient effectiveness of modern criminal legislation in the fight against official crimes, and the need to take into account the rich experience of domestic criminal legislation in the field of countering such a negative phenomenon as corruption. Based on the method of generalization, the author suggests specific measures aimed at improving the criminal legislation in the field of combating corruption.

Meaning-making practices in the history of medical English

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Taavitsainen
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Thought Style ◽  
Medical English ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Communicative Patterns

Abstract Genres work through conventions of communicative patterns. Variation in them is related to sociolinguistic parameters of writers and readers as well as situational and contextual factors, including culture. Conventions of writing change slowly and there are elements that remain constant throughout centuries but acquire new connotations. I shall first discuss genre theories and methods of studies at the interface between language and literature, and then provide a case study. The top genre of scholastic research was the commentary with a distinct genre structure. It was first introduced in Middle English in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and became established in Early Modern English, as my examples will show. The transition period is particularly intriguing as the old thought style began to give way to new ideas, and observation proved inherited wisdom erroneous. Commentaries had an afterlife in spurious writings, providing an empirical example of genre dynamics and proving the usefulness of the notion of genre script as applied in this case study.1

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