scholarly journals APAKAH SHISHA BERBAHAYA BAGI KESEHATAN RONGGA MULUT ?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Andi Anggun Mauliana Putri ◽  
Gus Permana Subita
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Simplex Virus

Background: In recent years, the use of tobacco in Indonesia increasingly varied in the forms and methods of consumption, one of which is shisha. Smoking shisha is increasingly popular due to a misperception that smoking shisha is harmless and lack of knowledge about the effects of shisha smoking in oral health.Literature analysis: “PubMed” used as a search tool to identify all empirical studies related to the effects of shisha smoking on health, especially in oral cavity.Discussion: Shisha smoke contained various toxic substances such as Nicotine, Tobacco Specifc Nitrosamines, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Volatile Organic Compounds, Carbon Monoxide, Tar, and high-temperature metal heating causing shisha smoke contained toxic heavy metals such as arsenic, nickel, cobalt, chromium, lead, and cadmium. The content of these toxic substances showed that smoked shisha is associated with dependence, acute and long-term negative health effects similar to cigarette smoking. Toxic substances may cause various infections of microorganism such as Candida sp, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1), Epstein Barr Virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Human Immunodefciency Virus; Oral mucosal changes such as Hairy Tongue, Smoker’s Melanosis, Nicotine Stomatitis, Frictional Keratosis, Fissured Tongues, gingival or periodontal inflammation, and leukodema; and lead to malignant lesions such as Keratosis, Leukoplakia, Erythroplakia, Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Lichenoid Lesions.Conclusion: Smoking shisha gives bad impact for human health especiallyoral health. Shisha smoking can lead to the development of various infectious diseases and potentially lead to malignancy in the oral mucosa. These foundings breaks the belief that shisha smoking is safe for health.

scholarly journals Paper-based electroanalytical devices for stripping analysis of lead and cadmium in children's shoes

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (68) ◽  
pp. 41482-41487
Author(s):  
Chen-Chen Zhu ◽  
Ning Bao ◽  
Xiao-Lei Huo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Stripping Analysis ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Potential Sources

Children's shoes are potential sources of toxic heavy metals, especially for younger children.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Curcumin with Promising Protection against Herpesvirus Infections and Their Associated Inflammation: Mechanisms and Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Miroslava Šudomová ◽  
Sherif T. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Simplex Virus

Herpesviruses are DNA viruses that infect humans and animals with the ability to induce latent and lytic infections in their hosts, causing critical health complications. The enrolment of nutraceutical anti-herpesvirus drugs in clinical investigations with promising levels of reduced resistance, free or minimal cellular toxicity, and diverse mechanisms of action might be an effective way to defeat challenges that hurdle the progress of anti-herpesvirus drug development, including the problems with drug resistance and recurrent infections. Therefore, in this review, we aim to hunt down all investigations that feature the curative properties of curcumin, a principal bioactive phenolic compound of the spice turmeric, in regard to various human and animal herpesvirus infections and inflammation connected with these diseases. Curcumin was explored with potent antiherpetic actions against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, human cytomegalovirus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, Epstein–Barr virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, and pseudorabies virus. The mechanisms and pathways by which curcumin inhibits anti-herpesvirus activities by targeting multiple steps in herpesvirus life/infectious cycle are emphasized. Improved strategies to overcome bioavailability challenges that limit its use in clinical practice, along with approaches and new directions to enhance the anti-herpesvirus efficacy of this compound, are also reviewed. According to the reviewed studies, this paper presents curcumin as a promising natural drug for the prevention and treatment of herpesvirus infections and their associated inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals HCF1 and OCT2 Cooperate with EBNA1 To Enhance OriP-Dependent Transcription and Episome Maintenance of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 5353-5367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaraju Dheekollu ◽  
Andreas Wiedmer ◽  
Daniel Sentana-Lledo ◽  
Joel Cassel ◽  
Troy Messick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Type I ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

ABSTRACTEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes latent infections as multicopy episomes with complex patterns of viral gene transcription and chromatin structure. The EBV origin of plasmid replication (OriP) has been implicated as a critical control element for viral transcription, as well as viral DNA replication and episome maintenance. Here, we examine cellular factors that bind OriP and regulate histone modification, transcription regulation, and episome maintenance. We found that OriP is enriched for histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation in multiple cell types and latency types. Host cell factor 1 (HCF1), a component of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) histone methyltransferase complex, and transcription factor OCT2 (octamer-binding transcription factor 2) bound cooperatively with EBNA1 (Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1) at OriP. Depletion of OCT2 or HCF1 deregulated latency transcription and histone modifications at OriP, as well as the OriP-regulated latency type-dependent C promoter (Cp) and Q promoter (Qp). HCF1 depletion led to a loss of histone H3K4me3 (trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4) and H3 acetylation at Cp in type III latency and Qp in type I latency, as well as an increase in heterochromatic H3K9me3 at these sites. HCF1 depletion resulted in the loss of EBV episomes from Burkitt's lymphoma cells with type I latency and reactivation from lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) with type III latency. These findings indicate that HCF1 and OCT2 function at OriP to regulate viral transcription, histone modifications, and episome maintenance. As HCF1 is best known for its function in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) immediate early gene transcription, our findings suggest that EBV latency transcription shares unexpected features with HSV gene regulation.IMPORTANCEEBV latency is associated with several human cancers. Viral latent cycle gene expression is regulated by the epigenetic control of the OriP enhancer region. Here, we show that cellular factors OCT2 and HCF1 bind OriP in association with EBNA1 to maintain elevated histone H3K4me3 and transcriptional enhancer function. HCF1 is known as a transcriptional coactivator of herpes simplex virus (HSV) immediate early (IE) transcription, suggesting that OriP enhancer shares aspects of HSV IE transcription control.

scholarly journals Human Herpesvirus and the Immune Checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway: Disorders and Strategies for Survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Takayuki Murata
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

The immune system has evolved as a complex and efficient means of coping with extrinsic materials, such as pathogens and toxins, as well as intrinsic abnormalities, such as cancers. Although rapid and timely activation of the immune system is obviously important, regulated downregulation of the system is almost as significant as activation to prevent runaway immunity, such as allergies and hypercytokinemia. Therefore, the immune checkpoint programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is beneficial for the host. On the other hand, pathogens have evolved to evade host immunity by taking advantage of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. This review is focused on human herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which cause various types of disorders, and their relationships with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Understanding such relationships will be useful for developing preventative and therapeutic methods for disorders caused by herpesviruses.

scholarly journals Clinical Aspects of Bacterial Corneal Ulcer Prolonged Course, the Role of Herpes Viruses in Its Pathogenesis, Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1S) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
V. V. Neroev ◽  
L. A. Katargina ◽  
L. A. Kovaleva ◽  
G. I. Krichevskaya ◽  
N. V. Balatskaya
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

Purpose: to study the role of human herpesviruses (HHV) in the pathogenesis of prolonged bacterial corneal ulcers. Patients and methods. 117 patients with bacterial corneal ulcer were examined. Two groups were identified: a favorable course-with duration of bacterial corneal ulcer epithelialization for 17 days (62 people) and a prolonged course with a persistent ulcer more than 17 days (55 people). Blood samples (n = 117) and scrapes from corneal ulcer (n = 117) were investigated in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Herpes simplex virus (HSV1, 2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human herpesvirus type 6, 7 (HHV-6, HSV-7). Results. The HSV1, 2 and EBV genomes were detected in the cornea significantly more often in BCU of prolonged course compared with a favorable course (HSV1, 2 p = 0.012; EBV p = 0.012), and HHV-6 was detected not only in the cornea (p = 0.000), but also and in blood (p = 0.007). In patients with HHV DNA in corneal scarps and/or blood, after resorption of purulent infiltrate, corneal epithelialization was absent, and the use of antiherpetic drugs allowed to reduce the completion time of BCU epithelialization. Conclusion. The role of HHV-6, EBV, HSV 1, 2 in the pathogenesis of bacterial corneal ulcer of protracted course was revealed. The expediency of examination of patients with bacterial corneal ulcer on HHV is shown, a method of treatment is proposed, including antiherpetic therapy, which makes it possible to prevent the development of a protracted course.

scholarly journals Testing patients with uveal melanoma for herpesvirus infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Saakyan ◽  
E. B. Myakoshina ◽  
G. I. Krichevskaya ◽  
O. S. Slepova ◽  
O. G. Panteleeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Human Herpes Virus 8 ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

Results of comprehensive ELISA tests of blood serum for the presence of IgM-, IgA-, and IgG-antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, human herpes virus 8 type, Chlamydia trachomatis in 38 patients with uveal melanoma are presented. The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect DNA of these pathogens in tumor biopsies, vitreous body of 10 enucleated eyes, as well as in plasma IgG-antibodies to HHV 6 were revealed in 50% of patients; IgG-antibodies to HHV 8, in 5.3% of patients. Among the 16 patients with uveal melanoma at advanced stages, 6 patients had antibodies indicative of EBV reactivation (1.2-3.3). Chlamydia trachomatis genome was detected in both biopsies; in one of them, in conjunction with EBV and CMV DNA . Tissue samples from the identified infectious agents were related only to the spindle-cell histologic type AB of uveal melanoma. In plasma, genomes of pathogens were not determined. The results indicate the presence of infectious agents in patients with uveal melanoma and require further study of the pathogenetic role of infections in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma.

Select Viruses in Adults

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-79
Author(s):  
Randall C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Epidemiologic Factors ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

The following types of viral infections are discussed in this chapter: viral infections that have the capacity for multiorgan or systemic disease; infections that affect adults who may be otherwise healthy or at least not in special populations such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, mumps virus, human parvovirus B19, and coxsackievirus. Reviews of these viruses focus on differentiating clinical features, diagnostic tools and treatment, and salient microbiologic and epidemiologic factors.

scholarly journals An overview of viral infections of the nervous system in the immunosuppressed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. E. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

Abstract Several viruses have the capacity to cause serious infections of the nervous system in patients who are immunosuppressed. Individuals may be immunosuppressed because of primary inherited immunodeficiency, secondary immunodeficiency due to particular diseases such as malignancy, administration of immunosuppressant drugs or organ or bone marrow transplantation. The viruses capable of such opportunistic infection of the nervous system include herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein –Barr virus (EBV), Human Herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6), JC virus (JCV), enterovirus, measles virus and Covid-19. In most cases it seems likely that immunological defence mechanisms in the immunosuppressed are deficient which creates a suitable environment for certain viruses to become opportunistic in the nervous and other systems. Further research is required both to understand these opportunistic mechanisms in more detail and also to determine how many virus infections are modified by specific inborn errors of immunological responses.

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