scholarly journals Can the Nile Generate Output, Income and Employment in Egypt? A Mixed Multiplier Analysis

New Medit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Multiplier Analysis ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Nile Water ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
High Output

Nile water availability is one of the major constraints for agricultural development in Egypt. This study conducts a mixed multiplier analysis, under water and land constraints, to identify the seasonal agricultural activities with high output and income multipliers. It uses a 2008/09 SAM for Egypt with detailed representation for Nile-related production factors employed by agricultural activities across irrigation seasons. The results demonstrate the significance of addressing Nile water constraints not only for agriculture, but also for the overall economy. Policies that enhance water productivity, particularly in winter season, generate outstanding increases in output, income, and employment through sizable multiplier effects.

scholarly journals Impacts of Agricultural Land Acquisition for Urbanization on Agricultural Activities of Affected Households: A Case Study in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8559
Author(s):  
Nhung Pham Thi ◽  
Martin Kappas ◽  
Heiko Faust
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Farmland Abandonment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

Agricultural land acquisition for urbanization (ALAFU) has strongly impacted agriculture in Vietnam during the last decades. Given the mixed data obtained from a survey with 50 households who lost 50% of their farmland area (in-depth interviews, a group-focused discussion and observation) this study shows the different impacts of ALAFU on each agricultural activity of affected household by comparing before and after ALAFU. Rice cultivation and animal breeding have sharply declined, but potted flower plantation (PFP) has quickly grown and is the main income of 34% of surveyed households. Rice cultivation has declined not only as a result of agricultural land acquisition, which has resulted in the loss of rice land, but also as a result of urbanization, which has resulted in rice land abandonment. Conversely, PFP is growing due to advantages associated with urbanization, such as a good consumer market and upgraded infrastructure. However, whether they are declining or increasing, all agricultural activities have to face challenges related to the shortcomings in agricultural land allocation and agricultural development plans. This study suggests that if ALAFU projects are continued, the government should evaluate agricultural development and forecast farmland abandonment after ALAFU. Simultaneously, they should put more effort into maintaining agriculture in the form of peri-urban or urban agriculture, which is significant for sustainable development in affected communities.

Evaluation Model of Ground Water Vulnerability and its Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 811-816
Author(s):  
Jin Xu ◽  
Li Gang Xu ◽  
Lei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Development Capacity ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Vulnerability ◽  
Rational Evaluation ◽  
Important Indication

Vulnerability assessment for groundwater pollution is an important indication for groundwater management in many areas of the world. According to the principles of systemic evaluation indicators and its impact factors, the GOD model is selected as the fundamental method for groundwater vulnerability assesment in Jiangying City. Furthermore,the scientific and rational evaluation results are demonstrated. The findings in this paper is helpful in providing some reference or basis for sustainable development of regional groundwater capacity, and evaluating sustainable agricultural development capacity of Jiangyin city. The evaluation results for groundwater quality is consisted with the actually situation in study area. The work is meaningful to guide a theoretical and practical regulation for groundwater resource, as well as to explore the mechanism of groundwater contamination resulting from agricultural activities.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Seasonality in alpine water resources management – a regional assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vanham ◽  
E. Fleischhacker ◽  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
High Water ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Winter Tourism ◽  
Alpine Regions

Abstract. Alpine regions are particularly affected by seasonal variations in water demand and water availability. Especially the winter period is critical from an operational point of view, as being characterised by high water demands due to tourism and low water availability due to the temporal storage of precipitation as snow and ice. The clear definition of summer and winter periods is thus an essential prerequisite for water resource management in alpine regions. This paper presents a GIS-based multi criteria method to determine the winter season. A snow cover duration dataset serves as basis for this analysis. Different water demand stakeholders, the alpine hydrology and the present day water supply infrastructure are taken into account. Technical snow-making and (winter) tourism were identified as the two major seasonal water demand stakeholders in the study area, which is the Kitzbueheler region in the Austrian Alps. Based upon different geographical datasets winter was defined as the period from December to March, and summer as the period from April to November. By determining potential regional water balance deficits or surpluses in the present day situation and in future, important management decisions such as water storage and allocation can be made and transposed to the local level.

scholarly journals Response of drip irrigated Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in different irrigation levels and frequencies at field level

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Arti Kumari ◽  
Neelam Patel ◽  
A. K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Geometric increase in population coupled with rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultural development are causing increased pressure on global water resources. Agriculture is the largest consumer of fresh water resources, thus the scope of enhancing water productivity in agriculture is taken to be the priority area of research. The right amount and frequency of irrigation is essential for optimum use of limited water resources for crop production as well as management. A field experiment with split plot design was carried out during November to February 2015-16 at PFDC (Precision Farming Development Centre), Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi to study the effect of different irrigation levels and frequencies on Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) under drip irrigation. The experiment included three levels of irrigation frequencies: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days) and N3 (once every 3 days) with different irrigation levels of 100, 80 and 60 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Results revealed that drip irrigation frequency significantly (p<0.05) affected the broccoli yield. The maximum yield (24.46±0.18 t/ha) was obtained with 80% of ETc with once in 2 days irrigation followed by 100% of ETc with once in 2 days. Lowest yield (16.53±0.1 t/ha) was obtained at 60% of ETc at once in 3 days irrigation. Overall, it was observed that irrigation on 80% of ETc with once in two days is an appropriate cycle for optimum yield of broccoli.

scholarly journals Consequences of ATMA Project and Related Constraints and Suggestions in Anand District of Gujarat in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasvant Matwa ◽  
Girish Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Technology System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Technology Dissemination ◽  
To Receive

ATMA is a society of key stakeholders involved in agricultural activities for sustainable agricultural development in the district. It is a focal point for integrating research and extension activities and decentralizing day-to-day management of the public Agricultural Technology System (ATS). It is a registered society responsible for technology dissemination at the district level. As a society, it would be able to receive and expend project funds, entering into contracts and agreements and maintaining revolving accounts that can be used to collect fees and thereby recovering operating cost.

scholarly journals Rekonseptualisasi Petani sebagai Basis Pembangunan Pertanian Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
NFN Syahyuti
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Exact Formulation ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Definition Of

<p>In Indonesia the discourse of farmers is relatively limited and unsatisfactory, unlike that at global level. It leads to our different understanding of farmers as shown by the various definitions in regulations and policies including those in academics. This paper aims to search on how farmers are interpreted in Indonesia in order to find more exact formulation in the future. The identical, standard understanding is essential in formulating agricultural development plan. Scientific review analysis on evolution of understanding and attitude toward farmers are compiled from various scientific sources, policies, and regulations. The results show that farmers should be considered as complete human being with multi dimensions as labor, socio-cultural creature, and religious individuals. It implies that it is necessary to harmonize the definition of farmers and to expand its coverage such that farm workers are part of farmers because they directly involved in daily agricultural activities.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Di Indonesia, diskursus tentang “petani” agak terbatas dan belum memuaskan, tidak sebagaimana di tataran global. Akibatnya, pemahaman kita terhadap petani belum  sama satu sama lain, sebagaimana ditunjukkan dari beragamnya  batasan  yang  digunakan  dalam  berbagai  produk  regulasi  dan  kebijakan,  termasuk  di  dunia akademis.  Tulisan ini bertujuan melakukan penelusuran terhadap bagaimana petani diinterpretasikan selama ini di Indonesia, sebagai upaya untuk mendapatkan formulasi yang lebih tepat pada masa depan. Pemahaman yang sama  dan  baku    sangat  penting  sebagai  basis  dalam  penyusunan  perencanaan  pembangunan  pertanian. Analisis review ilmiah terhadap perkembangan pemahaman dan sikap terhadap petani diambil dari berbagai sumber akademis, kebijakan maupun regulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa petani harus diposisikan seutuhnya sebagai manusia yang memiliki multidimensi, baik sebagai tenaga kerja, makhluk sosial kultural, sekaligus insan religi.  Implikasi ke depan perlu dilakukan penyelarasan batasan petani dan memperluas cakupan sehingga buruh tani menjadi bagian dari petani, karena mereka adalah pelaku langsung di lapangan sehari-hari secara riil.</p>

scholarly journals Temporal Water Balance Analysis in Different Climatic Scenarios in Oyo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Oyebamiji Ogunbode ◽  
Ifatokun Paul Ifabiyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Increasing Trends

The study was conducted to examine water availability in different climatic scenarios in Oyo State. The data used comprised of rainfall and temperature records. The spans of the data used vary from one station to the other: 38-year data for Ibadan and 37-year for Ogbomoso stations, both collected from NIMET Office, Ilorin while 11-year also collected from the Office of Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme (OYSADEP) Headquarters at Shaki were available for Shaki Station. Evapotranspiration data for the three stations were empirically generated while water balance model was computed using MATLAB R2007a version in order to determine the respective water availability and the regression analysis was used to determine rainfall trends. The results showed that rainfall amounts vary from year to year and also increasing trends in the three stations over the period examined. It was also discovered that in all the periods investigated across the stations, Ibadan has 81.58%, Shaki, 81.81% and Ogbomoso, 56.80% as wet years indicating that there is abundant water resources in Oyo State. It is recommended that strategies  be put in place to exploit excess rainwater for various purposes especially by increasing the capacity of water reservoirs and dams across the State for development of pipe borne water network and also, for irrigation farming during dry spells. Further investigation is recommended on water balance and its implications for agricultural practice in the study area.

scholarly journals Water availability, water demand, and reliability of in situ water harvesting in smallholder rain-fed agriculture in the Thukela River Basin, South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 4919-4959 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. M. Andersson ◽  
A. J. B. Zehnder ◽  
G. P. W. Jewitt ◽  
H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Crop Water Productivity

Abstract. Water productivity in smallholder rain-fed agriculture is of key interest for food and livelihood security. A frequently advocated approach to enhance water productivity is to adopt water harvesting and conservation technologies (WH). This study estimates water availability for in situ WH and supplemental water demands (SWD) in smallholder agriculture in the Thukela River Basin, South Africa. It incorporates process dynamics governing runoff generation and crop water demands, an explicit account of the reliability of in situ WH, and uncertainty considerations. The agro-hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was calibrated and evaluated with the SUFI-2 algorithm against observed crop yield and discharge in the basin. The water availability was based on the generated surface runoff in smallholder areas. The SWD was derived from a scenario where crop water deficits were met from an unlimited external water source. The reliability was calculated as the percentage of years in which the water availability ≥ the SWD. It reflects the risks of failure induced by the temporal variability in these factors. The results show that the smallholder crop water productivity is low in the basin (spatiotemporal median: 0.08–0.22 kg m−3, 95% prediction uncertainty band (95PPU). Water is available for in situ WH (spatiotemporal median: 0–17 mm year−1, 95PPU) which may aid in enhancing the crop water productivity by meeting some of the SWD (spatiotemporal median: 0–113 mm year−1, 95PPU). However, the reliability of in situ WH is highly location specific and overall rather low. Of the 1850 km2 of smallholder lands, 20–28% display a reliability ≥25%, 13–16% a reliability ≥50%, and 4–5% a reliability ≥75% (95PPU). This suggests that the risk of failure of in situ WH is relatively high in many areas of the basin.

Irrigation water productivity of winter-growing annuals is higher than perennial forages in northern Victoria

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Lawson ◽  
K. L. Greenwood ◽  
K. B. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Irrigation Water Productivity

The dairy industry in Victoria, Australia, uses more than half the state’s irrigation water, mainly for growing pasture. Information on the comparative water use of forage systems would be useful for dairy farmers aiming to optimise their forage production under conditions of limited water availability. However, there are few data comparing water use under similar management and weather conditions. This paper reports on an experiment which measured and compared the production, water use, and water productivity (forage removed per unit water input) of a range of 6 border-check irrigated forage systems (3 perennial, 2 annual, and a double-cropped) and 1 spray irrigated, annual forage system, used by the dairy industry in northern Victoria. Forage removal was highest from the perennial pastures, lucerne, double-cropped and Persian clover systems in both 2005 and 2006. Irrigation water inputs in 2005 were comparable with average values reported in the literature and were closely related to the length of the growing season, with around 800–850 mm used for the perennial pastures and 340–440 mm used for the border-check irrigated annual pastures. Irrigation water inputs in 2006 were substantially higher than in 2005, reflecting the drought conditions that prevailed throughout most of Victoria, with 1100–1200 mm used for the perennial species and 450–700 mm used by the border-check irrigated annual pastures. These irrigation water requirements highlight considerable year-to-year variation as low-rainfall years are usually high-evaporation years. Irrigation water productivity (WP) was greater for the annual than for the perennial systems. In 2005, irrigation WP was 30–37 kg DM/ha.mm for the annual pastures compared with 21–27 kg DM/ha.mm for the perennial and double-cropped systems. In the drier year of 2006, irrigation WP was higher for the short-season annuals than for the other forage systems. When rainfall, runoff, and changes in soil water content were included in the calculation of total WP, there were no consistent differences in the total WP of the annual and perennial systems in either year. These findings show that under conditions of limited irrigation water availability, farmers will be able to grow more forage using winter-growing annual systems than perennial systems. However, other factors such as nutritive characteristics, cost of production, and cost of transferring feed also need to be considered when deciding which forages to grow.

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