scholarly journals « Un cœur désolé, une santé dévastée »

Author(s):  
Ilaria Giacometti

Although Jules Barbey d’Aurevilly has always been an enemy of Naturalism and its theoretical assumptions, he had to deal with the presentation rules of the ‘clinical’ romance while describing his characters’ suffering bodies. On the one hand, the physiognomy theories, very dear to Balzac, enrich Barbey’s modes of expression and justify the analogy between body and soul; on the other, it is not possible to describe the characters’ bodies and to reveal the mystery behind them. Despite this, the lack of psychological analysis in the récit is compensated by metaphorical characterisation: indeed, similes, metaphors, antithesis and oxymorons enrich the description of characters revealing their main passions and features. The aim of this article is to show, by means of the text analysis of some passages, that the realistic details of descriptions are not vain if related to their metaphorical meaning and that, in so doing, the author overcomes the impasse of the rational scientific observation and the physiognomic interpretation.

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Goral

The aim of the article is to analyse the elements of folk poetics in the novel Pleasant things. Utopia by T. Bołdak-Janowska. The category of folklore is understood in a rather narrow way, and at the same time it is most often used in critical and literary works as meaning a set of cultural features (customs and rituals, beliefs and rituals, symbols, beliefs and stereotypes) whose carrier is the rural folk. The analysis covers such elements of the work as place, plot, heroes, folk system of values, folk rituals, customs, and symbols. The description is conducted based on the analysis of source material as well as selected works in the field of literary text analysis and ethnolinguistics. The analysis shows that folk poetics was creatively associated with the elements of fairy tales and fantasy in the studied work, and its role consists of – on the one hand – presenting the folk world represented and – on the other – presenting a message about the meaning of human existence.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
T.N. Soboleva ◽  

The article is devoted to the poorly studied problem of the formation of talent in the conditions of different degrees of freedom in activity and the impact on that formation of a person’s conservative and innovative semantic attitudes towards the introduction of new equipment. The main objective of the study is to describe how the conditions of different degrees of freedom in the activity are refracted with internal conditions, which are conservative and innovative semantic attitudes and various talent structures. The study was conducted on a sample of 54 qualified railway drivers using a specialized simulator which allows to simulate three degrees of freedom in the activity. The psychological analysis of the activity revealed seven abilities ensuring the implementation of the activity. Based on empirical data, the article shows that low, medium and high degrees of freedom in activity are manifested in different degrees of productivity. Conservative and innovative semantic attitudes to the introduction of new equipment do not have a significant effect on the productivity of the activity in the conditions of different degrees of freedom. Along with this, depending on the conservative and innovative semantic attitudes, different structures of talent in terms of composition and degree of integration under the conditions of different degrees of freedom in the activity are formed. On the one hand, conservative and innovative semantic attitudes act as internal determinants; on the other hand, low, medium and high degrees of freedom in the activity act as external determinants of the formation of various talent structures.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungguh Ariang Bangga ◽  
Iwa Lukmana

This paper explores the recontexualisation of issues surrounding NAPLAN test in the media through the lens of Systemic Functional Linguistics. In particular, this paper considers interpersonal meanings shared by journalists or media regarding the construal of NAPLAN test in Australian context. To obtain a comprehensive view regarding the construal, Appraisal analysis is deployed. Two different texts about a controversy of NAPLAN test in Australia are selected to be analysed: a hard news story and a comment piece. In addition to text analysis, an image accompanying the hard news story and a cartoon relating to the controversy of NAPLAN test are analysed to find out the realisation of meanings across two semiotic modes (texts and images). The results suggest that there are distinct patterns of realisation of evaluative meanings in these two texts. On the one hand, the hard news story tends to use indirect evaluation of either judgment or appreciation when dealing with the issue. On the other hand, evaluative meanings shared throughout the comment piece tend to be direct, negatively evaluating NAPLAN test and the educational system pertinent to the testing policy. In terms of text-image relations, results of analyses suggest that both texts and images orient readers to align with shared values regarding the construal of the controversial NAPLAN test in the Australian context.


1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN GERAS

In The Transformation of Political Community Andrew Linklater has given us a most impressive synthesis of critical normative thinking about international relations theory, and I might as well begin by emphasizing that I will not be able to do justice to the rich detail of its content in the space here allotted to me, and so I shall not try. I offer just an individual response to Linklater's book, addressed to its core theoretical assumptions. I shall propose a critique of it in two particulars. These relate to a central ambiguity in its underwriting of discourse ethics on the one hand, and to a certain too ready levelling, so to say, vis-à-vis modes of social oppression and exclusion on the other.


1916 ◽  
Vol 62 (258) ◽  
pp. 626-627
Author(s):  
J. Barfield Adams

This article has for its object the more clearly defining one of the theses sustained by the author in his work, Formes élémentaires de la Vie Religieuse, namely, the possibility of explaining scientifically the constitutional dualism of man. Religions have always recognised this quality, regarding man as formed of two beings radically different—the soul on the one side, the body on the other. Psychological analysis, in a sense, confirms this belief. There are sensations and sensual tendencies on the one side, thought and moral activity on the other.


2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Dorota Rancew-Sikora

The research material included about 300 episodes from 30 published sources. A targeted selection was made according to a combination of three criteria: a diversity of social positions among the authors, the biographies of the authors, and the detail of description. An analysis of the material was conducted in order to contribute to a better understanding of the social significance of hospitality. Theoretical assumptions about hospitality in conditions of stability and social crisis were advanced. The analysis showed that in times of relative stability, hospitality was biographically important when it allowed a person to transition between positions in the social structure (usually between close levels) and involved some form of promotion. On the other hand, in conditions of intensified change and crises, the order was disturbed: on the one hand, visits to the homes of persons occupying more distant positions in the hierarchy (both up and down the social ladder) became more common, but on the other hand, there could be a challenge to or rejection of traditional requirements of hospitality. The first situation occurs especially at the beginning of a crisis, and with the depletion of resources, the increase in the number of negative experiences, and socialization to a long-term threat, a survival strategy begins to take shape in which only the closest circles prevail. Such findings suggest that a more cautious look should be taken at both the theoretical concepts in which hospitality is considered a useful social invention especially in times of increased need and at the Polish self-stereotype as a nation with a culture based on hospitality, invariable generosity, and an inclination to selflessness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (72) ◽  
pp. 1055-1076
Author(s):  
Pierre Guenancia

Descartes e a ideia de homem. Imperfeição e perfeição do homem Resumo: O autor nota, por um lado, que Descartes se refere a uma compreensão muito larga, mas também comum e corrente, do homem e, por outro, que o homem não pode ser identificado nem ao corpo, nem à alma, nem mesmo à união do corpo e da alma. Quando falamos da natureza humana, ela evoca o caráter de uma perfeição limitada, cuja particularidade é sua capacidade de ter o livre-arbítrio. A noção do homem enquanto sujeito de (não) perfeição é baseada sobre uma ideia que se define por uma relação à ideia do infinito sob a forma da aspiração a ser mais perfeito. O exercício do livre-arbítrio se articula concretamente a um esforço de atenção e de vigilância que permite evitar um juízo errôneo. A tese exposta se desenvolve, em seguida, em três tópicos. Primeiramente, a razão se apresenta como um instrumento universal do homem, que, por sua vez, aparece como ser polivalente que o utiliza, sendo capaz de se adaptar às situações as mais diversas. Em segundo lugar, a perfeição especificamente humana significará a capacidade de exercer a dúvida e de recorrer às suposições e probabilidades no plano cognitivo. Isso significa, entre outros, que, para a aquisição da perfeição, é preciso reconhecer a sua própria imperfeição. Enfim, em terceiro lugar, a capacidade de usar propriamente o livre-arbítrio conduz à definição de homem como generoso, em que o homem é compreendido no sentido moral mais que no metafísico. Palavras-chave: Homem; Perfeição; Finitude; Atenção ; Livre arbítrio; Generosidade. Descartes et l’idée de l’homme. Imperfection et perfection de l’homme. Résumé: L'auteur note que, d'une part, Descartes se réfère à une compréhension très large, mais aussi commune et courante de l'homme, et de l'autre que l'homme ne peut pas être identifié ni au corps, ni à l'âme, ni même à l'union du corps et de l'âme. Lorsqu’on parle de la nature humaine, elle porte le caractère d'une perfection limitée, dont la particularité est sa capacité d'avoir le libre arbitre. La notion de l'homme en tant que sujet de (non) perfection est basée sur une idée qui se définit par rapport à l'idée de l'infini sous la forme de l'aspiration à être plus parfait. L’exercice du libre arbitre se joint concrètement à un effort d'attention et de vigilance qui permet d’éviter un jugement erroné. La thèse ci-dessus se développe ensuite en trois points. Premièrement, la raison se présente comme un instrument universel de l'homme qui à son tour apparait comme être polyvalent l'utilisant et étant capable de s'adapter aux situations les plus diverses. Deuxièmement, la perfection spécifiquement humaine signifiera la capacité d’exercer le doute et de recourir aux suppositions et probabilités sur le plan cognitif. Cela signifie entre autres que pour l'acquisition de la perfection, il faut reconnaître sa propre imperfection. Enfin, troisièmement, la capacité d'user proprement le libre arbitre conduit à la définition de l'homme comme généreux, où l'homme est compris au sens moral plus que métaphysique. Mots clé: Homme; La Perfection; Finitude; Attention ; Libre arbitre ; La Générosité. Descartes and the idea of man. Imperfection and perfection of man Abstract: The author notes that, on the one hand, Descartes refers to a very broad, but also common and current understanding of man, and on the other that man cannot be identified nor with the body , neither to the soul, nor even to the union of body and soul. When we speak of human nature, it carries the character of a limited perfection, the particularity of which is the ability to have free will. The notion of man as the subject of (non) perfection is based on an idea which is defined in relation to the idea of ​​infinity in the form of the aspiration to be more perfect. The exercise of free will is joined concretely to an effort of attention and vigilance which makes it possible to avoid erroneous judgment. The thesis above then develops in three points. First, reason presents itself as a universal instrument of man who in turn appears to be versatile, using it and being able to adapt to the most diverse situations. Second, specifically human perfection will mean the ability to exercise doubt and use cognitive assumptions and probabilities. Among other things, this means that in order to acquire perfection, you have to recognize your own imperfection. Finally, thirdly, the ability to use free will properly leads to the definition of man as generous, where man is understood more in the moral sense than in the metaphysical sense. Keywords: Man; Perfection; Finitude; Attention ; Free will ; Generosity. Data de registro: 17/11/2020 Data de aceite: 30/12/2020  


Author(s):  
Chengyun Fu ◽  

The incidence of mental illness is increasing year by year, and appears on public platforms to express the status of the disease group. Some scholars have studied the public's cognition and attitude about mental illness. On the basis of these articles, the purpose is to study the public's cognition and emotional attitude towards public expression of mental illness. This article uses text analysis to extract the most popular mental illness videos on the online platform” bilibili”, and randomly selects 1,000 comments for analysis. The results show that about 86.5% of users agree with the public expression of mental illness, and 7% of users do not agree, 6.5% of users are suspicious of symptoms and want accurate information. Through the analysis of the results, the majority of the public has a positive and positive attitude towards the patients who openly express mental illness, but the current situation of the public expression is polarized by users, with one highly identifying with and deifying the disease, while the other strongly disidentifying and contaminating the disease.


2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Angelina V. Baeva ◽  

This article is devoted to historization of scientific practices as one of the central points in problem field of modern science studies. The subject of our article is scientific observation as one of the epistemic practices. Historization of scientific observation in modern scientific studies is possible, because of material practices and social relations begin to problematize in the scientific field. Science is no longer characterized only by a propositional order of representations. It is an assemblage of connections and relations between different agents and network of things, people and practices. This network is complexly arranged and branched, but in the same time it is coordinated in a certain optics and it is producing the visual closure to constructed object. This new optics, that makes visible the material and routine practices, puts in a new way the task to understand, how to work with heterogeneous and historically changeable field of practices and different “ways to do science”. There is a rethinking of the self-evident epistemic categories and particularly scientific observation. As an epistemic genre and scientific practice observation begins to take shape relatively late – only in the XVII century, when there is a complication and multiplication of practices of production of the visual images, that are making concrete from abstract and visible from invisible. To historicize scientific observation is to show how it has become a self-evident epistemic category and an integral scientific function. Scientific observation can be historicized as a set of practices that emerged and spread throughout a particular historical period, on the one hand, as practices of production, coordination, presentation and description of observational data. And on the other hand, it can be historicized as practices of production of “scientific self” as instances of observation. This article attempts to show that observation as a practice and as historically varied object of science is characterized, on the one hand, by the production of “that is visible” and, on the other hand, by “scientific self”.


2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Kristel Van Goethem

The central topic of this paper 1 1. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the workshop `Approches récentes de la préposition' at the Université d'Artois (Arras, 30 March 2007). In completing this paper, I benefited from the comments of the participants of this meeting, as well as from the valuable suggestions of Ludo Melis, Kristin Blanpain, Antonine Cappaert and two anonymous referees. is the interaction between two forces: on the one hand, the grammaticalization process by which prepositions may develop into prefixes and, on the other hand, French and Dutch word structure. French compounds typically adopt the word order Head-Modifier (e.g. timbre-poste lit. `seal-post = stamp'), while Dutch usually manifests the inverse word order, i.e. Modifier-Head (e.g. postzegel lit. `post-seal = stamp'). It will be shown that these typological differences between French and Dutch word structure may have a strong impact on the grammaticalization of prepositions introducing P-V and P-N compounds. The theoretical assumptions are applied to a specific case study: the French preposition entre `between' and its Dutch counterpart tussen used as bound morphemes in P-V and P-N compounds.


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