scholarly journals الإفتاء بالتيسير للأقليات المسلمة في الأحوال الشخصية

Mahakim ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Personal Status ◽  
Religious Problems ◽  
Muslim Minorities

The muslim minorities in non-muslim countries face many problems. The most important of which are religious problems. They want to deal with non-muslims, without taking away their islamic personality. They are in dire need of a fatwa that is easy and tolerant, away from narrowing and embarrassment. Contemporary scholars, especially syekh yusuf qaradhawi, respond this need, and issue fatwas, which are easy and tolerant. The research aims to clarify the principle of facilitation in the fatwas of contemporary scholars with regard to muslim minorities in the field of personal status, and the suitability of this principle to the principle of facilitation in islamic jurisprudence. The character of the research is a descriptive, analytical, and critical. The researcher concludes that the scholars adhered to the principle of facilitation in their fatwas for muslim minorities, in the field of personal status. And the best testimony to that is the fact that they have stated that it is permissible for a woman to remain with her non-muslim husband, and that they are allowed to legalize the inheritance of a non-muslim. The facilitation adopted by them is commensurate with the facilitation of islamic jurisprudence, its principles and purposes, because it stands on the principle of taking into account of necessity, need, license, rule of origin, and changing the ruling by changing its cause.

scholarly journals Jurisprudence of the rights of Muslim minorities and the reasons for their care: فقه حقوق الأقليات المسلمة وأسباب العناية بها

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Sayed Ahmed Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Muslim Minorities ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The rights of Muslim minorities and the reasons for caring about them. This research is concerned about the rights of Muslim minorities in countries and regions in which such minorities are found. The aim of the study is to shed light on Islamic jurisprudence in this matter.  One of the interesting and important laws of Islam that concern the Muslim minorities and those who embraced it is that Islam has special flexible laws and regulations that are less severe and not as strict as those in the Muslim countries, and take into considerations the circumstances of Muslim minorities.  This indicates that Islamic laws are applicable and adjustable, to a certain extent, in accordance with the time and the nature of the place. The importance of the rights of Muslim minorities in Islam is emphasized by the presence of a special jurisprudence for them known as ‘’ jurisprudence of minorities ’’ which takes into account the circumstances of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries. Such jurisprudence permits the Muslim minorities to do certain things that are prohibited for Muslims living in Muslim countries. The jurisprudence of minorities requires the concerned scholars to know the special and flexible jurisprudential rules in order help the Muslim minorities conduct their worships and lives in a flexible and easy manner.  For example there is as a rule known as `hardship brings easing` which enables the Muslim minorities to adjust the strict rules under certain circumstances.  It is important to support the Islamic centers in non-Muslim countries which provide the Muslim minorities with all the necessary information about how to conduct their worships and lives under certain circumstances. One of the leading countries in supporting such centers is Saudi Arabia.

The Significance of Fatwas for Muslims in Europe: Some Suggestions for Future Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-221
Author(s):  
P.S. van Koningsveld
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Global View ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Muslims In Europe ◽  
Muslim Minorities

Abstract In recent new Islamic interpretations of the world order as expressed, for instance, in the concept of Dâr al-Da’wa (‘The World of Preaching the Message’) Muslim minorities are to become full citizens of non-Muslim societies. This global view of the world as one, has lead to the appearance of a whole new branch of Islamic jurisprudence called the ‘Religious Jurispridence of Minorities’ (Fiqh al-Aqalliyât). Its purpose is to reinterpret Islamic principles in a situation in which Muslims are living in a minority position. Accurate understanding of the responses (Fatwas) that shape this jurisprudence is necessary to avoid many misunderstandings with regard to Muslims living in non-Islamic countries. In addition, this article argues that research in this field will allow following the developments of the interpretation of religious norms and rules in socalled ‘Muslim’ countries. Fiqh-al-Aqalliyat will influence Islam at large.

PRINSIP AL-TAYSĪR DALAM FIQH AL-AQALLIYĀT YŪSUF AL-QARAḌĀWĪ

EMPIRISMA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahab Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Legal Issues ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
The West ◽  
Muslim Scholar ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Friday Prayer ◽  
Muslim Minorities ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The Muslim minorities in the West who are currently dealing with a multitude of problem receives attention from Muslim scholars. Syaikh Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī is the first Muslim scholar who attempted to provide a solution to the problems, especially related to the implementation of religious teachings, as he outlined it in the framework of fiqh al-aqalliyāt. In principle, this is not something new in Islamic jurisprudence, because its legal sources are still the same. Nevertheless, this kind of fiqh is different in the sense that it does not merely talk about legal issues, but also the problems of theology and morals that the Muslim minorities in the West are currently dealing with in their relations with non-Muslims. Fiqh al-aqalliyyāt is also characterized by the use of the principle of al-taysīr as clearly prominent in the fatwās by Syaikh Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī, such as on the validity of both performing Friday prayer in the morning due to limited time for religious sermon (khuṭbah) and during ẓuhr time in some countries. This article will explore further this principle of al-taysīr in the Qaraḍāwī’s fiqh al-aqalliyyāt. Keywords: Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī, Fiqh al-Aqalliyāt, al-Taysīr

scholarly journals Family Reform and Judicial Discretion of the judge to resolve family disputes: الإصلاح الأسري وسلطة القاضي التقديرية لحل النزاعات الأسرية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzieh Salem Mubarak Busboos
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Great Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Personal Status ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Rule Out

Family reform and judicial discretion of the judge to resolve family disputes are one of the most important ways to protect the continuity and cohesion of the family، Islam has given the family a central place in society and has given it great care in terms of its foundation on the requirements of religion as well as in terms of its continuity on a solid foundation of intimacy and compassion. Islam as a realistic religion didn't rule out exposing this family for a series of conflicts that threaten its stability. Therefore، Islam urged to reform between the spouses whenever there is a disagreement between them. Islam gave the judge a judicial discretion in resolving family disputes. Jordanian Personal Status Law didn't deviate from what is prescribed in Islamic jurisprudence، where the judge was given a judicial discretion in resolving family disputes، A judicial discretion is the freedom that left by the law to a judge either expressly or implicitly، This is in order to choose the most appropriate and the closest solution among other solutions. We have concluded that one of the most important factors for the success of the judge in reducing family disputes is providing appropriate conditions for effort and reform attempts.

scholarly journals HUKUM KELUARGA DI MESIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Nurinayah Nurinayah
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Personal Status ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Limited Scope

The application of family law in Muslim-majority countries, especially the Middle East and its surroundings, has different practices, we do not find uniformity in family law practices in these countries. This is influenced by differences in government systems, cultures, situations and conditions of society of each country. Egypt is one of the predominantly Muslim countries which has established Islam as the state religion. Therefore, the principles of Islamic law are the main source of law in the making and formulation of laws, including family law. The practice of Islamic law in Egypt does not fully apply only to areas of family law in a limited scope including the distribution of inheritance and marriage. However, the application of family law in Egypt continues to undergo reforms and reforms. Family law reform took place in Egypt in 1920. This was marked by the promulgation of Law no. 25/1920 regarding family law and care (Law of Maintenance and Personal Status / Qanun al-Ahwal al-Syakhsiyyah wa al-Siyanah). Family law reform in the 1970s was marked by the issuance of laws regarding the authority to the judiciary to force parties (husbands) to pay maintenance fees to wives, widows, children, or parents in 1976. the current era of family law in Egypt continues to experience development. Abstrak Penerapan hukum keluarga di negara-negara yang berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim khususnya kawasan Timur Tengah dan sekitarnya memiliki praktik yang berbeda-beda, kita tidak menemukan keseragaman praktik hukum keluarga di negara-negara tersebut. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan sistem pemerintahan, kultur, situasi dan kondisi masyarakat setiap negara. Mesir merupakan salah satu negara yang berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim yang menetapkan Islam sebagai agama negara. Karena itu, prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam menjadi sumber hukum utama dalam pembuatan dan perumusan undang-undang termasuk hukum keluarga. Praktik hukum Islam di Mesir tidak berlaku secara utuh hanya bidang-bidang hukum keluarga dalam ruang lingkup yang terbatas meliputi pembagian warisan dan perkawinan.  Namun, penerapan hukum keluarga di Mesir terus mengalami reformasi dan pembaruan. Pembaruan hukum keluarga terjadi di Mesir pada tahun 1920. Ini ditandai dengan diundangkannya UU No. 25/1920 mengenai hukum keluarga dan penjagaan (Law of Maintenance and Personal Status/Qanun al-Ahwal al-Syakhsiyyah wa al-Siyanah). Reformasi hukum keluarga pada tahun 1970an ditandai dengan dikeluarkannya aturan undang-undang mengenai kewenangan kepada lembaga peradilan memaksa pihak-pihak (suami) untuk membayar uang pemeliharaan kepada isteri-isteri, janda-janda, anak-anak, ataupun orang tua pada tahun 1976. Hingga era sekarang hukum keluarga di Mesir terus mengalami perkembangan.            

scholarly journals FIQH AL-AQALLIYYAH AND MUSLIM MINORITIES IN A NON-MUSLIM COMMUNITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Kazeem Adekunle Adegoke
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Environment Research ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Muslim Minorities ◽  
Universal Application

This study researches into the legal theory of fiqh al-aqaliyyah and Muslim minorities in a contemporary non-Muslim community. In order to achieve this objective, the paper examines the fiqh al-aqalliyyah, its legal position in Islamic jurisprudence, its legal instruments and its applicability to lessen the physical, social, financial and emotional hardships or difficulties encountered by Muslim minorities who find themselves in an unfamiliar non-Muslim environment. Research method used in this study is expository, descriptive and analytical in order to showcase the applicability of fiqh al-aqalliyyah in the modern legal theory within the context-specific and needs-based neo-ijtihād legal rulings for Muslim minorities. Conclusively, the paper makes findings that context-specific and needs-based neo-ijtihād legal rulings of fiqh al-aqalliyyah is still viable in this contemporary period to arrest new jurisprudential challenges facing the Muslim minorities in non-Muslim communities. Also neo-ijtihād exercise of fiqh al-aqalliyyah from a competent Islamic jurists and legal theorists of a particular society is meant for that society only and should not be given general or universal application so as not to cause confusion in the context-specific and needs-based jurisprudential response. Finally, the study recommends that Muslim minorities should make use of the Islamic jurists and legal theorists’ neo-Ijtihād exercise of fiqh al-aqaliyyah which are peculiar to their environment in procuring solutions to some of the contemporary Islamic jurisprudential challenges facing them in the non-Muslim community.

Opinions of Contemporary Muslim Jurists on the Registration of Marriages

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 435-456
Author(s):  
Mek Wok Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Marriage Contract ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Registration of marriages is one of the debatable issues among contemporary Muslim scholars. Considering the fact that it was not implemented during the Prophet’s (s.a.w) time, many scholars discuss the validity of its practice as one of Shari‘ah requirements to recognize a marriage contract. There is a need  to critically analyze the opinions of contemporary Muslim scholars on the registration of marriage as a requirement for a marriage contract to be recognized and officially authenticated, as currently practiced in many Muslim countries. Adequate attention is needed to be paid to the issue of the Sharī‘ah status of marriage registration, as it has no basis among the Sharī‘ah requirements for a valid marriage contract. This paper takes into consideration ten principles of Islamic jurisprudence such as al-Qiyās, Sadd al-Dharā’i‘, al-IstiÍsān, Maqāsid al-sharī‘ah and as-Siyāsah al-Shar‘iyyah to prove that the registration of marriage cannot be regarded as alien to Islamic law.

The 21st-century impact of European Muslim minorities on ‘Official Islam’ in the Muslim-majority world

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 449-458
Author(s):  
Jonathan Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Civilian Control ◽  
Religious Schools ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
The Past ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Majority World ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
Muslim Minorities

The article argues that the growth of religious service provision directed at the Muslim diaspora in Europe has led to greater professionalization and pluralism within the Islam state in Muslim countries. Contemporary Muslim governments have claimed a monopoly over public prayer and religious education and have heavily invested in a network of infrastructure and services – the Islam state. The recent breakthrough of Islamist parties into governments in Turkey and across North Africa poses a challenge to the continued ‘civilian control’ over religion. What will become of the enormous Islamic Affairs ministries that Islamist parties have inherited – the hundreds of thousands of public servants of state Islam across the region, the tens of thousands of mosques and thousands of religious schools? Liberals demand the abolition of the Islam state because it violates the separation of religion and state; Islamists detest it for its repressive qualities. Despite progressive liberalization, governments in the past decade have not sought disestablishment, and have instead increased the resources and policing of state-run religion. I draw on the experience of Muslim governments in the competitive field of state–Islam relations in European countries to explain the modest beginnings of reform of the official religion apparatus in Muslim-majority countries.

scholarly journals إشكالية الزمن وعوضه في عقدي السلم، والبيع الآجل: دراسة تحليلية وصفية

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-248
Author(s):  
محمد عون الرحيم مسعد صالح ◽  
عز الدين محمد عبد المجد الغطاس
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Time Value ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Bank Financing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This paper purposes to discuss the basis for determining compensation in the contract of banking financing through the meanings and intentions which understood and implemented by Senior Muslim scholars in the four Sunni schools in most Muslim countries. There are several elements which must be considered in bank financing contracts, namely, goods, time, capital and time value. According to this perception is that time is the most important elements in the bank financing contracts which causes the issues of riba in the most of bank financing contract. The financing contracts are indeed considered as new kinds of contracts in the banking system. When the principle of sale contracts in Islamic jurisprudence basically represents everything in its meaning, it is inevitable that financing contracts in bank are referred to similar contracts in jurisprudence, and perhaps “salam" contract and deferred contract are the most similar contracts to the bank financing contracts. Therefore, this research is conducted on both contracts basis. In the other hand the most important reasons for divergence of views toward the issues is the elaborating the issues which began from the branch regardless determining the principles, focusing on the types. Therefore this research is attempting to discuss the basis of the rule of the value of time in the financing contracts of bank. The method of this research is to address to the views of Senior Fiqh Scholars of the four Sunni schools of analysis to reach the destinations included. Keywords: Uqud al-Tamwil al-Marafiy, al-Riba, al-Salam, Bay al- Ajil,time value ملخص تهدف هذه الورقة إلى مناقشة أساس تحديد العوض في عقود التمويل المصرفي، من خلال المعاني والمقاصد التي تضمنتها عبارات وتطبيقات الفقهاء الأقدمين في المذاهب السنية الأربعة، باعتبارها المنتشرة في أكثر الدول الإسلامية. في البداية لابد من الإشارة إلى أن المحل في عقود التمويل المصرفي مركب من عدة عناصر نجملها  في (السلعة والزمن، ورأس المال وعوض الزمن)، وطبقا لهذا التصور يعدّ الزمن أهم عناصر محل عقود التمويل المصرفي، ومن هنا تثور مسألة الربا في جل عقود التمويل المصرفي حيث أن عقود التمويل المصرفي من مستجدات العصر، ولما كانت قواعد  البيوع في الفقه الإسلامي تمثل أساسا  لكل ما في معناها، فإنه لا مناص من رد عقود التمويل المصرفي لما يشابهها في الفقه، ولعل عقد السلم، وبيع الآجل أكثر شبهاً لعقود التمويل المصرفي، ولذلك اعتمدها الباحث في بيان أسس وأحكام عقود التمويل المصرفي. وما دفع الباحث لهذا البحث ما تثيره هذه البيوع خاصة، وأعمال المصارف بشكل عام من إشكاليات، ومن أهم أسباب تباعد وجهات النظر حولها، وما يكتنفها من غموض هو البداية من الفرع عند بيان الحكم، وعدم تحديد الأسس، والتركيز على الشكل، ويحاول الباحث في هذه الورقة مناقشة أساس حكم قيمة الزمن في عقود التمويل المصرفي، والمنهج الذي يسير عليه الباحث هو التطرق إلى عبارات الفقه القديم، أي أصول المذاهب السنية الأربعة وتحليلها للوصول إلى المقاصد التي تضمنتها.

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