scholarly journals Assessment of Hazardous Metal Concentrations in Organs of Selected Game Animals in the Natural Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
K. Sarpong . ◽  
F.R.K. Bonsu . ◽  
E. Dartey .
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Antilocapra Americana ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Hazardous Metals ◽  
Bush Dog ◽  
Hazardous Metal ◽  
Game Animals

The study was conducted to determine the levels of hazardous metals in game animals. A total of eighteen (18) animals which comprised six species of three (3) each from the same location were trapped or hunted and sacrificed. Organs analyzed for hazardous metal levels were skin, liver, kidney and heart using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and content expressed in mgkg-1. The statistical analysis was done with Genstat (2007). Results obtained showed that all the hazardous metals under study were present in the organs at variable concentrations. Lead: skin (0.18 – 0.46) mgkg-1, liver (0.03 – 0.4) mgkg-1, heart (0.25 – 0.58) mgkg-1 and kidney (0.38 1.12) mgkg-1; Cadmium: skin (0.08 – 0.58) mgkg-1 and kidney (0.09 – 0.7) mgkg-1; Zinc : skin ( 0.46 – 0.66) mgkg-1, liver (90.04 – 0.82) mgkg-1, heart (0.42 – 1.21) mgkg-1 and kidney (0.43 – 1.58) mgkg-1; Copper: skin (6.13 – 12.57) mgkg-1, liver (5.1 – 9.56) mgkg-1, heart (6.89 - 15.15) mgkg-1 and kidney (7.63 – 24.87) mgkg-1; Iron : skin (9.53 – 26.35) mgkg-1, liver (8.07 -28.08) mgkg-1, heart (13.83 - 46.40) mgkg-1 and kidney (12.43 – 47.61) mgkg-1. Iron was highly (p <0.05) deposited in all species of animals in the heart 19.88 mgkg-1, 46.40 mgkg-1, 40.83 mgkg-1, 13.83 mgkg-1 and 41.38 mgkg-1 respectively for civet (Civettictis civeta), antelope (Antilocapra americana), grasscutter (Thryonomys swiderianus), hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) and bush dog (Speothos venaticus) except the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) that had its highest deposition (46.71 mgkg-1) in the kidney. Copper was also highly deposited in animals after iron with higher concentrations in heart and kidney. The highest concentration was recorded for bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) (15.15 mgkg-1) in heart and 24.87 mgkg-1 in kidney. Due to bioaccumulation of hazardous metals, care should be taken in patronizing bushmeat obtained from the studied ecosystem since failure could be perilous to the health of consumers as their concentrations are beyond the safe limits for the respective metals. It is further recommended that environmental safety principles for safe disposal of hazardous metals are appropriately carried out.

Levels of selected metals in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves cultivated in four different areas of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Good Percentage ◽  
Coriander Leaves

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the herbs which is used for medicinal and food purposes. In the present study the levels of selected metals in coriander leaves were determined in the samples collected from four different farmlands (Sebeta, Mekanisa, Holeta and Gefersa) in Ethiopia where its cultivation is common. The levels of metals were determined after digestion of samples with the mixture of 4 mL of HNO3 and 4 mL of HClO4 at 300 oC for 3:00 hours by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimized wet digestion method for coriander leaves analysis was validated through the recovery experiment and a good percentage recovery was obtained (93.2-101%). The levels of metals were found in the range Ca, 2319–3503 mg/kg; Zn, 33.4–54.8 mg/kg and Cr, 5.55-9.86 mg/kg while the trace metals Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb were too low to be detected. The results indicated that Ethiopian coriander is a good source of essential metals and free from the toxic metals Pb and Cd. A statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level indicated that there is significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) in the levels of all detected metals between the four sample means. The Pearson correlation was used to predict the dependence of metal levels on one another. The levels of the metals determined in this study compared well with those reported for coriander leaves from some other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Levels in Vegetables Cultivated in Pakistan Soil Irrigated with Untreated Wastewater: Preliminary Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8891
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Wajid Rehman ◽  
Farid Menaa ◽  
Malik Aman Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
Health Organization

Unfortunately, vegetables are commonly cultivated with untreated wastewater and consumed by human beings who often ignore their harmful impacts on health. The industrialization and urbanization in developing countries have led to the release of increasing amounts of heavy metals (HM) into the environment. Regular monitoring of metal concentration levels in contaminated soils and edible plants is essential to prevent their excessive build-up in the diet and food chains. This study aimed to determine the concentration and accumulation of selected HM in the soil-plant system from a field located in D.I. Khan, Pakistan. Thereby, determinations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) were assessed in the soil of the field as well as in the roots, stems, leaves, and grains of ridge gourds (RG) and sponge gourds (SG). The gourds were irrigated with untreated wastewater and removed from the soil when completely matured. Their parts were then separated and digested for HM analyses, which were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean HM concentrations of each gourd were compared to each other within the same vegetable or between the vegetables. Intra-analyses depicted a similar quantitative distribution of HM in the RG or SG parts. Independently of the gourds’ variety, Fe and Pb were the most concentrated HM, and Pb was particularly concentrated in grains. Mean concentrations of Pb and Co in these vegetables were found to be toxic, since they exceeded the safe limits recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Inter-analyses of HM concentrations performed between RG and SG parts revealed that the mean concentration of Pb was significantly higher in roots of SG compared to that of RG. Nevertheless, mean Cr concentrations were significantly higher in all parts of RG compared to that of SG. The concentrations of Co were insignificantly different between the parts of these two vegetables. Also, the assessment of hyperaccumulation factors demonstrated that these gourds are hyperaccumulators, improper for dietary intake and commercialization, but might be useful for phytoremediation. Taken together, our data shed light on the urgent need for developing sustainable agriculture in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in Mining Soil from Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-613
Author(s):  
S.O. Agbo ◽  
M.A. Mustapha ◽  
C.E. Ogaugwu ◽  
O.G. Sodipe ◽  
E.C. Chukwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Metal Levels

Excavation and processing of mineral deposits are valuable revenue sources yet they contribute serious environmental problems worldwide. Mining activities are widespread and contribute to heavy metal contamination in rural communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Available research failed to establish how mining soil may impact on resident terrestrial organisms. This study assessed the health of soil from active mining site by testing it on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) for 10 weeks. Survival, mobility, morphology and behaviour of worms were assessed while soil was analyzed for selected heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry. Worm survival was evident as the proportion of reference soil increased in exposure mixture and improved until 92% in the control. Worms curled up at the bottom of test vessels with varying proportions of mining site soil and appeared discolored and dehydrated when taken out of test soil, with characteristic sluggishness, particularly as the proportion of mining soil increased in exposure mixtures. Though metal levels were within permissible limits, morphology of exposed worms were visibly impacted, which corresponds in severity with increasing proportion of mining soil. On the contrary, worms tested in 100% reference soil appeared healthy and active in upper part of exposure vessels. These results suggest that the tested mining soil had adverse impacts on mobility, morphology, behavior and survival of exposed organisms when compared with the control population. Therefore, food products grown downstream of the mining site may be at risk of heavy metal contamination with consequences on food quality, water quality and food chain.

Evaluation of heavy metal levels in serum of Wistar rats exposed to engine oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
A.A. Iyanda ◽  
J.I. Anetor ◽  
G.O. Anetor
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Metal Levels

Purpose: Data are available that indicate there is an elaborate elemental constitution of petroleum products, with identified elements contained in the many products being additive (e.g. Ca, Zn and P) as well as wear metals (e.g. Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb and Sn). In addition, incessant deliberate exposure of engine oil to both human beings and farm animals for therapeutic reason has been reported. Therefore the objective of this study is to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in serum of engine oil-exposed rats. Materials & Methods: Thirty adult female rats were divided equally into 5 groups. The first and second groups were treated with engine oil by oral route (as contaminant of feed) at dosage levels of 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg body weight respectively. The third and forth groups received the test agent through the dermal route at dosage levels of 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg body weight while the fifth group served as the control. The duration of the study was 30 days, after which blood was obtained from each rat, centrifuged and the resultant serum used for the analysis of heavy metals by employing Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), p≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Data obtained showed that there were significant differences in the levels of aluminium, silicon, cadmium, lead, arsenic, vanadium, and nickel. Conclusions: These increases suggest that incessant exposure to engine oil may be dangerous and therefore constitute health hazard.

Sludge-Amended Brick Production: Applicability for Metal-Laden Residues

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Alleman ◽  
E. H. Bryan ◽  
T. A. Stumm ◽  
W. W. Marlow ◽  
R. C. Hocevar
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Metal Release ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Hazardous Metal ◽  
The Given

This paper will examine the general concept of using sludge during brick manufacture, and will specifically address the fate of metals contained within the employed sludge relative to the vitrification process. Overall, it appears that most metals will be trapped within sludge-adulterated brick, both during firing and weathering. This behavior appears related to a silicate-based physico-chemical containment mechanism. Volatilization of metal during firing was observed in the case of selenium, and in this instance only for specimens spiked with elevated metals levels (i.e. 1000 ppm Se). Simulated weathering in pH=2.5 and pH=5.0 acetic acid resulted in nominal leachate losses beyond the U.S. EPA extraction procedure limits for arsenic, selenium, and cadmium. Here again, though, these marginally elevated losses were only observed for those bricksspiked with extremely high metals levels (i.e. 1000 ppm, or higher). Overall, the research findings presented by this paper suggest that standard municipal sludges laden with “normal” metal levels could be satisfactorily incorporated within a brick manufacturing process with little concern regarding metal release. As for hazardous metal-laden sludges, brick manufacture may comprise a similarly acceptable sludge management option; however, this latter strategy would likely warrant additional site-specific investigation prior to implementation (i.e. relative to the given metal species, concentrations, metal release characteristics, etc).

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in milk and fermented milk products produced in the Almaty region, Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Sarsembayeva ◽  
T. B. Abdigaliyeva ◽  
Z. A. Utepova ◽  
A. N. Biltebay ◽  
S. Zh. Zhumagulova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Fermented Milk Products

Background and Aim: Monitoring food quality and safety remain a pressing issue. The intermediate results of the study on the residual amounts of heavy and toxic elements in food products are presented herein. The aim of this study was the determination of heavy metals in milk and fermented milk products from basic farms in the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 raw milk samples and 80 cottage cheese samples were analyzed. The milk and cottage cheese samples were subjected to mineralization during the analysis to remove organic impurities and determine the heavy metal concentrations using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The contents of cadmium, lead, and arsenic in all raw materials and food products did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Conclusion: The dairy samples showed low contents of cadmium, mercury, lead, and arsenic that did not exceed the allowable concentrations for basic farms in the Almaty region.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in some moss species found around Camlihemsin district of Rize, Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Nilay Akcay ◽  
Nevzat Batan ◽  
Yunus Cinar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract In recent years, environmental safety associated with heavy metal levels of a tourism area and its surrounding areas has been one of the basic security for tourists health. Various methods have been used for measuring concentrations of heavy metal levels in these areas. Biomonitoring organisms such as mosses provide quantitative information on the quality of the environment around them, and they respond to pollution by altering their physiology or their ability to accumulate heavy metals. The aim of this study is to assess  the concentration of aluminum, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, and zinc levels in five different moss species collected around Camlihemsin district of Rize, by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectrometry. The average concentrations of heavy metals in moss samples were found ranged from 3.8-8.3% for aluminum, 0.1-0.47% for manganese, 2.3-3.8% for iron, 38.8-74.2 ppm for nickel, 92.1-495.3 ppm for copper, 187.3-334 ppm for zinc. This study has shown that Abietinella abietina, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiomnium undulate, Rhytidium rugosum, and Thuidium tamariscinum samples were used to assess the potential contamination of Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn contamination in the region and made important contributions toward the understanding of Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn baseline data can be used for identification of changes in the levels of these heavy metals in the studied area. Keywords: Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectrometry, heavy metals, moss, biomonitor, environment.  

Determination of some heavy metal levels in soft drinks on the Ghanaian market using atomic absorption spectrometry method

2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (12) ◽  
pp. 8499-8507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ackah ◽  
Alfred Kwablah Anim ◽  
Nafisatu Zakaria ◽  
Juliet Osei ◽  
Esther Saah-Nyarko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Metal Levels

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals in Some Vegetables Sold in Urban Open Markets of Kathmandu Valley

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Pawan Raj Shakya ◽  
Neena Malla Khwaounjoo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Open Markets

Present study describes the extent of heavy metal contamination in two vegetable types viz., cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) sold in urban open markets of Kathmandu valley. A total of 18 vegetable samples collected from various market sites of the valley were analyzed for heavy metals viz., As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results revealed that the metal concentrations in both the vegetables tested were found in the order as Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. The metal levels in cabbage leaves irrespective of the market sites, ranged between 0.91–2.05 mg/kg for Cd, 14.32-28.31 mg/kg for Cu, 7.29–14.70 mg/kg for Pb and 36.33–108.09 mg/kg for Zn respectively. Similarly, the metal levels in cauliflower varied from 0.81–1.50 mg/kg for Cd, 19.29–26.77 mg/kg for Cu, 10.82–21.23 mg/kg for Pb and 62.45–73.72 mg/kg for Zn respectively. However, As and Hg were found below the detection limits in both the vegetables tested. It was also found that while the mean concentrations of Cd and Pb exceeded the maximum permissible limits for vegetables, Cu and Zn were found within the safe limits as recommended by FAO/WHO. From the present study, we conclude that a regular monitoring of heavy metals in vegetables is necessary for safe consumption as well as to prevent excessive buildup of these metals in the human food chain.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12008 Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 39-44

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