Behavioral and Physiologic Effects of Dirty Bedding Exposure in Female ICR Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann L Merley ◽  
Jennifer S Hubbard ◽  
Aaron K Rendahl ◽  
Felicia D Duke Boynton ◽  
Lynn Collura Impelluso
Keyword(s):  
Home Cage ◽  
Entire Study Period ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Chronic Group ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Subclinical Disease ◽  
Acute Group ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Physiologic Parameters

Exposure of sentinel mice to dirty bedding is commonly used in health monitoring programs to screen colonies for clinical and subclinical disease. Despite the potential stressors present in dirty bedding, including but not limited to microorganisms, pheromones, and ammonia, it is unknown whether sentinel mice exposed to soiled bedding experience stress. In this study, select behavioral and physiologic changes associated with stress were assessed in female ICR mice exposed to dirty bedding. Behavioral parameters included evaluation in the home cage and selected behavioral tests; physiologic measurements included neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and weight. Mice in the acute group were exposed for 24 h whereas mice in the chronic group were exposed for 4 wk. Mice in the chronic group exposed to dirty bedding weighed less at days 21 and 28 than did control mice. Chronic mice exposed to dirty bedding also exhibited decreased net weight gain over the entire study period as compared with control mice. No significant differences were detected in the other behavioral and physiologic parameters measured. These results indicate that dirty bedding exposure may affect sentinel mice, but further investigation is needed to determine the specific mechanism(s) behind the weight difference.

Population biology and diet of the puffer fish Lagocephalus laevigatus (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) in Caraguatatuba Bay, south-eastern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Denadai ◽  
F.B. Santos ◽  
E. Bessa ◽  
L.P. Bernardes ◽  
A. Turra
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Entire Study Period ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Puffer Fish ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Sexually Mature

This study describes the spatio-temporal distribution, population biology, and diet of the puffer fish Lagocephalus laevigatus in Caraguatatuba Bay, south-eastern Brazil. Monthly samples were taken between August 2003 and October 2004 by trawls in two areas, south and north, at depths of 1 to 4 m. The fish were measured and their sex and reproductive stage determined. The abundance of this species was compared between areas and among months, and the items in the diet were identified and quantified. Lagocephalus laevigatus was rare in Caraguatatuba Bay, where only 199 small individuals (4.8 to 15.4 cm) were obtained in the entire study period, suggesting that this species uses the estuary as a nursery. None of the specimens of L. laevigatus captured in Caraguatatuba Bay were sexually mature. Higher densities of L. laevigatus in the bay were recorded in the south area and between October and December 2003, i.e. in the spring, suggesting that spawning may occur from late winter to spring (August through to November). The diet items consumed by L. laevigatus in Caraguatatuba Bay were, as expected from the current literature, crustaceans, mainly amphipods, and fish. However, the most-consumed item was the sea whip Leptogorgia setacea (Cnidaria). This feeding habit may be related to the presence of toxins (tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin) that are frequently found in the skin and viscera of L. laevigatus, which may be sequestered from the sea whip, which possibility still needs to be specifically evaluated.

scholarly journals Disease Phobia in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Pain Assessed by the Illness Attitude Scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Christos Stavrianos ◽  
Panagiotis Kafas ◽  
Waseem Jerjes ◽  
Tahwinder Upile ◽  
Irene Stavrianou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Chronic Group ◽  
Total Cohort ◽  
Acute Group ◽  
Real Challenge

Disease phobia refers to a psychological state when the person continuously thinks that he/she is sick and improvement from the condition is impossible. Disease phobia in patients suffering from pain, secondary to temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), is usually the consequence of long-term problems; diagnosis and treatment of this group is a real challenge for healthcare professionals. Aim: The purpose of this prospective study was to objectively evaluate the role of Illness Attitude Scale (Kellner or IAS) in measuring cancerophobia and heart disease phobia in patients suffering from pain, as a consequence of TMDs. Subjects and Methods: The cohort included 22 patients with TMDs who underwent evaluation of these phobias; pain was acute in 7 and chronic in 15. The patients were asked to complete the “Kellner” questionnaire, and this was followed by full clinical examination of the temporomandibular region. Results: When measuring the correlation between the cancerophobia and heart disease phobia patients, the outcome was found significant in the total cohort, p<0.01. Comparisons were carried out in the chronic group (n=15) and was significant (p=0.034 and r=0.549); while in the acute group no significance was identified. Conclusion: Cancerophobia and heart disease phobia in TMD patients are factors that need to be taken in consideration when managing chronic pain in this group.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the nematodes Eustrongylides exisus Jägerskiöld, 1909, – larvae (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) infection in the Rutilis rutilis, linnaeus 1758 and the seasonal dynamics of the infection in the waters of the Dnipro-Buh estuari in southern Ukrai

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (97) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
S. L. Honcharov
Keyword(s):  
Entire Study Period ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predatory Fishes ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
The Village ◽  
Collection Sites

In this study, we determined the prevalence and seasonal dynamic of the infection of the Rutilis rutilis, Lіnnaeus 1758 with the nematode Eustrongylides excisus. The fish was caught in the waters of the Dnipro-Buh estuary in seven sample collection sites between 2016 and 2019. They all underwent ichthyopathological examination. Parasites, found during examination, undergone microscopy to determine their taxonomy. Overall 595 specimens were obtained. The mean prevalence of infection over entire study period (2016–2019) was 17.4 %. Ichthyopathological examination of the roach caught in the waters of the Dnipro-Buh estuary revealed the infection with larvae E. excises nematode. The parasitic larvae were found in the muscles of the ventral abdominal wall of the roach. There was more than two-fold difference in the prevalence of infection between sample collection sites – from 12 % in site 5 near Sofiivka to 28 % in site 3 near the village Oleksandrivka over the study period in 2016–2019. The total prevalence of infection in roaches in the Dnipro-Buh estuary was 17.4 %. Seasonal changes were not statistically significant and ranged from 12.8 % in summer to 20.1 % in spring. Annual changes suggested a possible upward trend, but more observations are needed to confirm it. Аnnual changes were not statistically significant. The prevalence of infection changed throughout the year: there were two peaks in spring (20.1 %) and autumn (18.3 %). In summer (12.8 %) and winter (15.1 %) the prevalence of infection was lower. Morphologically, the E. excisus larvae found in roaches were different compared to those found in predatory fishes: they had more pale color and were smaller in length. E. excisus is a prevalent infection of roach in Dnipro-Buh estuary. Considering seemingly increasing prevalence of E.excisus infection, further studies are required to understand a pathophysiology of E.excisus infection  in mammals and humans, since data remain limited.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of an Immunodominant 28-Kilodalton Coxiella burnetii Outer Membrane Protein Specific to Isolates Associated with Acute Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1561-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoquan Zhang ◽  
Ho To ◽  
Kasi E. Russell ◽  
Laura R. Hendrix ◽  
Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Acute Disease ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Chronic Group ◽  
Acute Group

ABSTRACT Coxiella burnetii causes acute Q fever in humans and occasional chronic infections that typically manifest as endocarditis or hepatitis. Isolates associated with acute disease were found to be distinct from a group of chronic disease isolates by a variety of biochemical parameters and in a guinea pig fever model of acute disease, suggesting a difference in virulence potential. We compared antigenic polypeptides among C. burnetii isolates and found an immunodominant 28-kDa protein in acute group isolates but not in chronic group isolates (T. Ho, A. Hotta, G. Q. Zhang, S. V. Nguyen, M. Ogawa, T. Yamaguchi, H. Fukushi, and K. Hirai, Microbiol. Immunol. 42:81-85, 1998). In order to clone the adaA gene, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of adaA was determined and a 59-bp fragment was amplified from Nine Mile phase I DNA by PCR. The putative gene fragment was used to screen a lambda ZAP II genomic DNA library, and an open reading frame expressing a 28-kDa immunoreactive protein was identified. Sequence analysis predicted a gene encoding an ∼28-kDa mature protein with a typical signal sequence. The adaA (acute disease antigen A) gene was detected in acute group C. burnetii isolates but not identified in chronic group isolates by PCR and Southern blotting. A typical signal peptide was predicted in adaA, and specific antibody to adaA reacted with the purified membrane fraction of acute group isolates by Western blotting, suggesting that adaA is exposed on the outer surface of C. burnetii. adaA was overexpressed in pET23a as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli to develop anti-recombinant adaA (anti-radaA) specific antibody, which recognized a ∼28-kDa band in acute group isolates but not in chronic group isolates. In addition, immunoblotting indicates that radaA reacted with sera derived from animals infected with acute group isolates but did not react with sera from animals infected with chronic group isolates. These results support the idea that an adaA gene-targeted PCR assay and an radaA antigen-based serodiagnostic test may be useful for differential diagnosis of acute and chronic Q fever.

Analysis of extreme rains through climate indicators in the context of climate change in southern Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1b) ◽  
pp. C20A01-1-C20A01-33
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Sourou HOUNVOU ◽  
◽  
K. F. Guedje ◽  
Hilaire Kougbeagbede ◽  
Adebiyi Joseph Adechinan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Entire Study Period ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
Large Growth ◽  
Southern Benin ◽  
Heavy Rains

The recurrence of flooding in recent years in West Africa is dramatically affecting the socio-economic system of most countries in the region. This work is devoted to the analysis of the heavy rains of its last years in the context of global warming in subequatorial Benin through eight rainfall indicators. For this purpose, the daily rains collected at seventeen stations in the south of Benin between 1960 and 2018, the maximum and minimum daily temperatures of the two synoptic stations in the study area between 1970 and 2018 are used. Analysis of the results shows a non-uniform trend in rainfall indicators over the entire study period. The monthly trend is in accordance with the bimodal rain regime of southern Benin for each of the climatic indicators studied. After the break in the downward trend in rainfall in the 1980s or 1990s at the various stations, the last three decades have been marked above all by ten-year averages of the various indicators that are higher than those obtained over the entire study period. Despite the low proportion of extreme rains, their frequency has increased since the resumption of rainfall in the 1980s or 1990s, especially compared to the 1970s and 1980s. The highest heights are observed for the most part in the towns close to the sea Atlantic Ocean. Global warming in southern Benin is characterized above all by high decadal temperature variation rates in the 1990s. This significant global warming in this pivotal decade is accompanied by relatively large growth in all indicators in southern Benin.

Acute Versus Chronic Salicylate Poisoning

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-862
Author(s):  
CHESTER W. FINK
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Chronic Group ◽  
Acute Group ◽  
Salicylate Poisoning

To the Editor.— The paper by Gaudreault et al1 comparing acute versus chronic salicylate poisoning is misleading in that the two groups are in many ways dissimilar and therefore really cannot be compared. The acute group was comprised of healthy children whereas the chronic group was comprised of ill children who probably had one or more of the signs and symptoms upon which severity was based (nausea, vomiting, dehydration, etc) prior to ingesting salicylate. This may have played a part in their disease in spite of the comments to the contrary.1

scholarly journals Biological contamination of soils in urbanized ecosystems by Toxocara sp. eggs.

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Olga Maslennikova ◽  
Viktoriya Erofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Entire Study Period ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Dog Walking ◽  
Special Area ◽  
Contamination Of Soils ◽  
Study Sites

As a result of the study of three sites (two city parks and a special area for walking dogs) on the contamination of Toxocara sp. eggs it was found that 28.0±2.3% of the studied fecal samples from the territories of the Kirov Park were infected with Тохосаrа eggs, 21.0±3.6% of fecal samples from the territory of the Park of the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol and 7.0±0.4% of fecal samples were infected with Тохосаrа eggs selected at a specially equipped dog walking area in the Metrograd residential complex in Kirov. The average rate of dogs which were infected by Toxocara (EI) was 18.7±6.2%. The average rate of contamination of soil by eggs Тохосаrа in the study sites amounted to 34.6%. Contamination of soil samples with eggs of Toxocara sp. in parks was 45.6% and 45.8%, respectively, and in the dog walking area it was 12%. The largest number of dogs, including stray ones, were registered in the parks: 74.8±7.1 and 62.8±7.0 individuals, respectively. There were no stray individuals in the dog walking area, and there were 21.6±1.0 individuals over the entire study period.

scholarly journals Physiologic parameters variation in ICR mice during a chemical induced liver carcinogenesis experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Conceição-Pereira ◽  
Nuno M Paula-Santos ◽  
Filipa O Pereira ◽  
Maria J Pires ◽  
Luis F Palomino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Carcinogenesis ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Physiologic Parameters

scholarly journals Locating Seismo-Conductivity Anomaly before the 2017 MW 6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake in China Using Far Magnetic Stations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1777
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Mao ◽  
Chieh-Hung Chen ◽  
Suqin Zhang ◽  
Aisa Yisimayili ◽  
Huaizhong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Entire Study Period ◽  
Conductivity Anomaly ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Jiuzhaigou Earthquake ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Background Distribution ◽  
Geomagnetic Data ◽  
Magnetic Transfer

Changes in the underlying conductivity around hypocenters are generally considered one of the promising mechanisms of seismo-electromagnetic anomaly generation. Parkinson vectors are indicators of high-conductivity materials and were utilized to remotely monitor conductivity changes during the MW 6.5 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (103.82°E, 33.20°N) on 8 August 2017. Three-component geomagnetic data recorded in 2017 at nine magnetic stations with epicenter distances of 63–770 km were utilized to compute the azimuths of the Parkinson vectors based on the magnetic transfer function. The monitoring and background distributions at each station were constructed by using the azimuths within a 15-day moving window and over the entire study period, respectively. The background distribution was subtracted from the monitoring distribution to mitigate the effects of underlying inhomogeneous electric conductivity structures. The differences obtained at nine stations were superimposed and the intersection of a seismo-conductivity anomaly was located about 70 km away from the epicenter about 17 days before the earthquake. The anomaly disappeared about 7 days before and remained insignificant after the earthquake. Analytical results suggested that the underlying conductivity close to the hypocenter changed before the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. These changes can be detected simultaneously by using multiple magnetometers located far from the epicenter. The disappearance of the seismo-conductivity anomaly after the earthquake sheds light on a promising candidate of the pre-earthquake anomalous phenomena.

Evaluation of dosing and safety outcomes of low-dose prophylactic warfarin in children after cardiothoracic surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 1018-1025
Author(s):  
Maura Harkin ◽  
Brittany Powers Shaddix ◽  
Stephen B Neely ◽  
Leigh A Peek ◽  
Katy Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽  
Entire Study Period ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
Safety Outcomes ◽  
Warfarin Dosing

Abstract Purpose Prophylactic warfarin with an International Normalized Ratio (INR) goal of 1.5 to 2.0 is one antithrombotic therapy utilized in children after cardiothoracic surgery (CTS); published sources suggest a dose of 0.1 mg/kg per day to achieve this goal. However, few studies have evaluated dosing in this population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dosing and safety outcomes in children receiving warfarin after CTS. Methods A descriptive, retrospective review was conducted to evaluate warfarin dosing and INR outcomes in patients 18 years of age or younger who underwent CTS and received prophylactic warfarin with an INR goal of 1.5 to 2.0 from January 2014 through December 2018. The primary objective was to determine the median initial warfarin dose. Secondary objectives included identifying the percentage of documented INR values that were outside the therapeutic range, the percentage of patients with therapeutic INRs at discharge, and the 30-day readmission rate. Results Twenty-six patients were included in the review. The median initial warfarin dosage was 0.07 mg/kg/d (interquartile range [IQR], 0.05-0.10 mg/kg/d). Of the total of 177 INR values collected during the entire study period, 67 (37.9%) were therapeutic, 64 (36.2%) were subtherapeutic, and 46 (26.0%) were supratherapeutic. Eighteen patients (69.2%) had at least 1 supratherapeutic INR at any point during the study period, most frequently on days 2 through 4 of therapy. At discharge, 11 patients (42.3%) had therapeutic INRs. Four patients (15.4%) were readmitted within 30 days, with bleeding documented in 2 patients during their readmission. Conclusion The majority of patients received an initial warfarin dose less than that specified in published recommendations but still had a supratherapeutic INR at least once during the study period. When initiating warfarin after CTS, a dosage of &lt;0.1 mg/kg per day and frequent monitoring may be needed to achieve an INR goal of 1.5 to 2.0.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document