scholarly journals Chemical control of brome grasses (Bromus spp) in cereals

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dastgheib ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
W.J. Archie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Brome Grasses

Ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) prairie grass (B willdenowii) and soft brome (B hordeaceus) are becoming serious weed problems in arable farms of New Zealand This paper reports results from three years of field experiments evaluating chemical treatments for brome control in cereal crops Ripgut brome was shown to be very competitive with moderate infestations reducing grain yields by 2530 A strong relationship (R2096) was found between seedling numbers of ripgut brome and final grain yield The study found several promising chemical treatments that offer a good degree of control These include preemergence applications of cyanazine terbuthylazine chlorsulfuron terbuthylazine and metribuzin The same herbicides applied postemergence were not as effective for brome grass control

scholarly journals Seed biology of brome grass weeds (Bromus diandrus and B hordeaceus) and effects of land management

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
F. Dastgheib ◽  
N. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Brome Grasses

Aspects of seed biology of ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) and soft brome (B hordeaceus) were studied in relation to land management practices Among the practices tested burning stubble had a detrimental effect on seed survival The majority of seeds close to the soil surface were charred or nonviable following a stubble fire Overall higher brome infestation was measured in notillage compared to minimum tillage or burning treatments More than 80 of the seeds of both species emerged in the field within the first couple of months after planting and full germination was achieved by spring Seed burial at depths from 1 to 20 cm did not significantly affect germination but seedling establishment and vigour was reduced with seed depth Implications of these results in management of brome grasses are discussed

Tolerance of wheat cultivars to metribuzin and implications for the control of Bromus diandrus and B. rigidus in Western Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Gill ◽  
DG Bowran
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Brome Grass

Field experiments were carried out in Western Australia to investigate the response of 9 wheat cultivars to metribuzin and to evaluate its potential for the control of Bromus diandrus and B. rigidus in wheat. The wheat cultivars differed significantly in their response to metribuzin; a South Australian cultivar (Blade) was markedly more tolerant than all other cultivars investigated. Metribuzin alone (100-150 g/ha) or as a tank-mix with pendimethalin, incorporated by sowing, combined reliable brome grass control with good crop safety when used on Blade. Post-emergence application of metribuzin was generally less effective on brome grass and more phytotoxic to the crop than incorporation by sowing. This herbicide-cultivar package gives farmers an opportunity to selectively control brome grass in wheat.

Competition between wheat and brome grass in Western Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Gill ◽  
ML Poole ◽  
JE Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
The Relationship

Brome grass (Bromus diandrus Roth) has become a serious weed of wheat in Western Australia, particularly on light textured soils. Six field experiments were carried out to investigate competition between brome grass and wheat. Results showed that brome grass is an extremely aggressive weed in wheat. Although the experimental sites varied considerably in soil type, rainfall and other growing conditions the relationship between brome grass and reduction in wheat yield was remarkably consistent across the sites. An exponential model was found to adequately describe yield loss due to competition with brome grass and will be used for extension purposes in Western Australia. An examination of yield contributing characters of wheat suggested that yield loss due to brome grass had been determined before the crop reached the grainfilling stage and such a result diminishes the importance of competition for water in wheat-brome grass mixtures.

Pasture species and cultivars used in New Zealand - a list

1999 ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F.L. Charlton ◽  
A.V. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Herb Species

In recent years, the number of pasture species and cultivars commercially available to farmers in New Zealand has increased significantly. Reasons for this include increased commercial activity in the development and supply of proprietary cultivars, and more specialisation in New Zealand's pastoral agriculture. In particular, pasture cultivars are increasingly marketed as proprietary products with associated technical support. This year there are 109 certified cultivars available, belonging to 23 grass, legume and herb species. As a result, farmers are now able to develop improved pasture feed supply, but they are somewhat confused about pasture species and cultivars, and this frustrates their aims to produce high quality animal products from productive pastures. Accordingly, the herbage seeds industry needs to work from a clear reference list, to avoid any confusion when supplying farmers and overseas clients with their seed requirements. Our list of pasture species, types and cultivars available within New Zealand aims to be that reference. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, brome grass, caucasian clover, chicory, clover, cocksfoot, cultivars, herbs, lotus, lucerne, pasture, phalaris, plantain, prairie grass, red clover, ryegrass, seeds, species, strawberry clover, sub clover, tall fescue, timothy, types, white clover, Yorkshire fog

scholarly journals GRAIN FROM MEDJYBIZH

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
S. A. Gorbanenko ◽  
Yu. I. Tolkachov
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Brome Grasses

During the archaeological research of the Medjybizh fortress (fig. 1), palaeoethnobotanical materials were found three times in its yard: in 1991, 2013 and 2015. The first definition was made by G. O. Pashkevich. Mostly rye was identified as well as bromus, sorrel and an ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. From materials ща 2015 about 30 ml of grain were provided, mostly rye, which is approximately 1800—2000 grains. This is a sample of the harvest of one year. Single kernels of hulled barley (5); emmer (2) and soft wheat (1) were identified. Weeds are represented by 3 species, they are convolvulus (19), brome grasses (11) and cleavers (7) (figs. 2—4). Identified weeds are concomitant for cultivated cereals and real anthropochores; they may be useful for therapeutic purposes. Brome grass is a winter plant that pollutes crops of winter rye and wheat. Fields pollution indicates a use of old arable fields: the population lived in this place continuously from the eleventh century. Consequently, the fields exploded about 2—3 centuries. Winter crops also show the use of old arable fields. According to the aggregate of weeds, these fields were located on high places with droughty soils. According to the analysis of topography and soil, these fields were in the western sector on the elevated plateau (supposedly the places of Dolzhok and Pereimska Dacha). Find of the rye also indirectly indicates a high level of development of agriculture. While plowing tools from Medzhybizh are unknown, we should assume the use of plow, which is the most progressive form of them.

Measurement of gaseous emissions from denitrification of applied N-15 .3. Field-measurements

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
UK Avalakki ◽  
WM Strong ◽  
PG Saffigna
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Balance Loss ◽  
Peak Emission

Field experiments were conducted during autumn and winter (April-July) at four locations on Vertisol or Alfisol soils on the Darling Downs of Queensland in 1988 and 1989 to determine 15N losses when soil was saturated after applications of 15N labelled nitrate-N prior to sowing winter cereal crops. Losses of applied 15N were quantified by either gas emission or mass balance measurements on microplots (0.043 m2) confined laterally to a depth of 110 or 260 mm. At each field location, two experiments were established, one on a soil containing little visible crop residue where winter cereal had been harvested the previous November and another site containing residues of a recently harvested sorghum crop. Because shallow (110 mm) confinement was found to be unsatisfactory for both gas emission and mass balance measurement of 15N losses, comparison of the two methods was not applicable at one of the four field locations. Loss estimates for the six field sites by accumulating daily gas emissions averaged 80.7 � 33.4% (range 43-132%) of that estimated by mass balance. Loss estimates from peak emission measurements were generally closer to that estimated by mass balance 100.8� 39.9% (range 56-169%). Loss of applied 15N (40 kg N ha-1) when soils were saturated in April was several-fold more (19-29 kg N ha-1)) than that lost when soils were saturated in July (3.9-6.4 kg N ha-1)). Loss of 15N following saturation during July 1988 was similar in magnitude to the quantity of 15N apparently immobilized into soil organic forms (5.8-6.0 kg N ha-1)). Sorghum residues returned in March, or wheat straw added in December prior to a long period of dry weather, promoted loss of 15N applied prior to soil saturation in April or July. Alternatively, where residues of a previous winter cereal had decomposed considerably, loss of applied 15N was much lower than where sorghum residues had been added prior to saturations in April (15.3 cf. 28.6 kg N ha-1)) or July (3.9 cf. 6.4 kg N ha-1)).

Control of Canada Thistle by Soil Fumigation without Tarpaulins

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Ogg
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Soil Fumigants

Three years of field experiments showed that Canada thistle. [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] could be controlled with deeply injected soil fumigants without covering the soil with a tarpaulin. The degree of control depended on the kind of fumigant, the rate of application, and the depth of injection. Weed control with fumigants usually improved as the rate of application and depth of injection increased. The most effective treatment was 1,3-dichloropropene at 560 kg/ha injected to a depth of 46 cm. Good to excellent control of Canada thistle was also obtained with 1,3-dichloropropene at 280 kg/ha injected either 23 or 46 cm and ethylene dibromide at 160 kg/ha and chloropicrin + ethylene dibromide at 20 + 55 kg/ha injected at 46 cm. Results with ethylene dibromide and chloropicrin + ethylene dibromide were more erratic than with 1,3-dichloropropene. Increasing the percentage of chloropicrin in the combination reduced the control of Canada thistle.

Further Field experiments on the control of wheat bulb fly, Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Maskell ◽  
R. Gair
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Aluminium Silicate

SummaryField trials were conducted in certain eastern counties of England in the years 1957–1959 to assess chemical control methods applied at sowing time against wheat bulb fly, Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.). Combine-drilled treatments, using fillers of aluminium silicate, brick dust, granular clay, superphosphate or compound fertiliser, included aldrin at rates from 0·3 to 5·5 lb., dieldrin at 2 and 4 lb., and heptachlor at 2 lb. active ingredient per acre, respectively. Seed-dressing treatments applied with organo-mercury fungicide included 40 and 60 per cent. dieldrin and heptachlor, 40 per cent. aldrin, 60 per cent. Thiodan, 40 per cent. γ BHC with and without organo-mercury, all applied at 2 oz. per bushel of seed; 60 per cent. dieldrin, heptachlor and Thiodan were also tested at double the intended rate of 5 oz. per bushel.No form of chemical control was completely effective in suppressing damage but all gave some, and usually a great, improvement, particularly on late-sown or backward crops. Most of the insecticides tested gave closely comparable results. Seed dressings containing at least 40 per cent. heptachlor, dieldrin, aldrin or γ BHC were slightly more effective than combine-drilled insecticidal treatments, with the added advantage of applying only relatively small amounts of persistent insecticides to the soil.Slight symptoms of phytotoxicity were observed on two sites in 1958 following the use of γ BHC and dieldrin seed dressings applied at the normal rate of 2 oz. per bushel and severe symptoms on two trials in 1959 to seed over-dressed with insecticide and organo-mercury; elsewhere the seed dressings employed appeared to have no adverse effect upon plant establishment.Dieldrin, aidrin, heptachlor and Thiodan seed dressings behaved similarly in killing a high proportion of larvae within attacked shoots; γ BHC reduced the number of larvae entering the plant, but those which did succeed in entering developed in an apparently normal manner.On fields where drilling was delayed and the attack severe, the optimum rate of combine-drilled aldrin was probably between 1 and 2 lb. active ingredient per acre. No significant increase in yield was obtained at rates much higher than 2 lb. per acre. While fine-dust formulations gave effective results, the use of a granular fertiliser base improved the flow through the combine-drill and gave increased tillering with slightly higher yields. Heptachlor combine-drilled at 2 lb. active ingredient per acre was slightly superior to aldrin at the same rate.No adverse effects were recorded when insecticidal seed dressings and combine-drilled aldrin were used together, and at high levels of infestation the double treatment gave increased yields, though insufficient to justify its use on fields having only moderate egg populations.

Chemical control of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) in the Victorian Mallee

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Brown ◽  
JW Meagher ◽  
NK McSwain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cyst Production ◽  
Carry Over

The nematicides Temik (2, methyl 2 (methylthio) propionaldehyde 0-(methylcarbamol) oxime), Lannate (S methyl N-((methylcarbamoyl) oxy) thioacetimidate), ethylene dibromide, and dibromochloropropane were tested for control of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) in field experiments with wheat in the 1968-69 season at Sea Lake, Victoria. All chemical treatments significantly reduced white cyst production, and four of the treatments increased grain yield, and reduced nematode carry-over. Temik broadcast at 11 kg a.i. per hectare provided the best nematode control and more than trebled grain yield. Lannate (13 kg a.i. per hectare) was almost as effective. Dibromochloropropane was an effective nematicide, but at 65 1 per hectare was phytotoxic.

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