scholarly journals ЄВРЕЙСЬКІ ОСЕРЕДКИ ТЕКСТИЛЬНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА В ГАЛИЧИНІ КІНЦЯ ХІХ – ПЕРШОЇ ТРЕТИНИ ХХ СТ.: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ, АСОРТИМЕНТ

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
О. Р. Козакевич
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Textile Manufacturing ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Object Of Study

Textile manufacturing owned by the Jews in Galicia at the end of ХІХ – the first third of XX century is studied in the article. On the basis of archive documents and author’s field materials, preconditions for establishing relevant centers are determined; the main factors that influenced the textile industry development are highlighted. The attention is focused on knitted and lace goods manufacturing of both new and fancy assortment of the period under the study. The principle of a systematic approach and complex study constitutes the methodological basis. In order to investigate the selected object of study, historical and art studies methods are applied. During the scientific expeditions while collecting materials from the old inhabitants the interview method was used. Textile manufacturing in Galicia is divided into two main directions: according to the manufacturing principle: folk textile, where centuries-old traditions prevail, and professional textile, where specialists and special-purpose equipment are involved and fashionable trends are considered. It was found that at the end of ХІХ – the first third of XX century a considerable part of local textile industry was owned by the Jews. To some extent, this was due to the fact that they received proper education, set up own businesses, produced assortment that met the demands of consumers of various strata of society. Knitted and lace goods manufacturing, which became fashionable both in urban and rural areas, was productive. It was ascertained that apart from fancy goods, traditional woven Hutsul «zapaska», carpets and «kraikas» involving local population were manufactured. The scientific novelty consists in the study of one more aspect of textile industry in Galicia where the attention is focused on the peculiarities of manufacturing the textile assortment in the centers belonging to the Jews. The study allows expanding knowledge of textile industry in Galicia, clothes assortment and interior fabrics manufacturing centers, which favours involving the received data to learn the history of textile in Galicia.

scholarly journals Integrated Passenger Transport System in Rural Areas – A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-873
Author(s):  
Branimir Maretić ◽  
Borna Abramović
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The planning and organisation of public passenger transport in rural areas is a complex process. The transport demand in rural areas is often low, which makes it hard to establish and run a financially sustainable public transport system. A solution is integrated passenger transport that eliminates deficiencies and provides benefits for all participants in the public passenger transport process. This paper describes the impact of integrated passenger transport on mobility in rural areas and critically evaluates different literature sources. Integration of passenger transport in urban areas has been described in the context of rural areas, and the challenges of integration of public passenger transport specific to rural areas have been analysed. Through the application in urban and rural areas, the planning of integrated and non-integrated passenger transport has been functionally analysed. The analysis found an increase in the degree of mobility in the areas that use integrated passenger transport compared to the non-integrated one. This research of the literature review has identified the rural areas of mobility as under-researched. The mobility research can set up a more efficient passenger transport planning system in rural areas.

Cities and Urban Patriciates

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The 1960S

Urban centers had an influence on the development of Renaissance Europe disproportionate to their overall demographic importance. Most of the population continued to live and work in the countryside, but towns and cities functioned as key centers of production, consumption and exchange, political control, ecclesiastical organization, and cultural influence. Historians still debate the relative roles of urban and rural areas in facilitating the development of capitalism in the long term. Writing on urban history has a very long pedigree dating back to the 16th century, but as an academic discipline it began to flourish in the late 19th century. Since the 1960s, the range of approaches to the field has widened considerably from concerns with political and economic organization to take in issues of governance, social structure, and, most recently, overlapping urban cultures. The role of religious belief, particularly in the context of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation, runs as a thread throughout the history of the urban experience.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and associated factors of atopic dermatitis in Malagasy children

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Sendrasoa ◽  
I. M. Ranaivo ◽  
N. H. Razanakoto ◽  
M. Andrianarison ◽  
O. Raharolahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background Little is known about the epidemiology and associated factors of childhood AD in the markedly different, low-income, tropical environment like Madagascar. Methods We aim to assess the epidemiology and associated factors of AD in individuals fewer than 15 years of age in Antananarivo Madagascar. It was a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 7 years (2010 to 2016) in children 6 months to 14 years in the Department of Dermatology, Joseph Raseta Befelatanana Antananarivo Madagascar. The diagnosis of AD was based on clinical data. Results The prevalence of AD was 5.6% in children aged 6 months to 14 years. The details of 151 cases of atopic dermatitis were analyzed. The mean age of patients was 4 years. There was a female preponderance (sex ratio: 0.7). A family history of AD was noted in 56 cases (37%). No association between breast-feeding and AD was found. The age of onset of AD was before the age of 3 months in 7.5% and between 6 months to 5 years in 70%. Children born in March (dry season) had the highest risk of AD. Consultations for AD increased during the winter (from July to October; p = 0.005). However, the prevalence of AD was similar in urban and rural areas. Conclusion Weather may have an impact on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Madagascar. No significant correlation was found between the duration of breastfeeding and AD, as well as urbanization.

Doctoring the Body and Exciting the Soul: Drugs and consumer culture in medieval and early modern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-617
Author(s):  
RANIN KAZEMI
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Social History ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractThis article focuses on the development of early modern consumerism in a part of the Middle East that historians of consumer culture are yet to fully explore. Making use of a wide variety of unexplored and underexplored original sources, the article contends that early modern consumer culture in Iran was grounded deeply in the ever-widening patterns of exchange and use that had developed slowly over the course of the previous centuries. The discussion below takes the growing popular interest in a few key psychoactive substances as a useful barometer of the dynamics of mass consumption, and chronicles how the slow and ever-expanding use of alcohol, opium, and cannabis (or a cannabis-like product) in the medieval period led to the popularity of coffee, tobacco, older drugs, and still other commodities in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The aim here is to use the history of drug culture as an entry point to scrutinize the emergence of early modern consumerism among the elites and the non-elites in both urban and rural areas of the Middle East. In doing so, this article reconstructs the cultural and social history of recreational drugs prior to and during the early modern period, and elucidates the socio-economic context that helped bring about a ‘psychoactive revolution’ in the Safavid state (1501–1736).

scholarly journals Town, village and bush: war and cultural landscapes in south-eastern Angola (1966-2002)

Afrika Focus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In most of the literature on the subject, urban and rural areas are presented as real physical entities that are geographically determined. Obviously such an approach is important and necessary, but in this contribution I want to draw attention to ‘the urban’ and ‘the rural’ as ideas, as items of cultural landscape rather than as physical facts. This will result both in a history of ideas and a social history of the war in Angola as experienced by civilians from the south-eastern part of the country. The article is based on a case-study that deals with the history of south-east Angola, an area that was in a state of war from 1966 to 2002. In the course of the 1990s I spoke with immigrants from this region who were resident in Rundu, Northern Namibia, mostly as illegal refugees. In our conversations the immigrants explained how the categories ‘town’ and ‘country’ came into being during colonialism and what changes occurred after the war started. They argued that during the war agriculture in the countryside became well-nigh impossible and an opposition between ‘town’ and ‘bush’ came into being that could have lethal consequences for the civilian population living in the region. This case-study on south-east Angola shows the importance of a historical approach to categories such as ‘urbanity’ and ‘rurality’ as such categories may undergo relatively rapid change – in both discourse and practice. Key words: landscape (town, country and bush), war, south-east Angola 

scholarly journals The Production of the Landfras Printing Works and Publishing House in the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 154-176
Author(s):  
Štěpánka Běhalová
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Printed Word ◽  
The 19Th Century

The activities of the Landfras printing works and the associated publishing house are an important part of the history of book culture in the Czech lands in the 19th century and form a significant chapter in the history of book printing and publishing in this period. The focus of the production of the printing works and the publishing house reflected the new needs of literate broad social classes in the 19th century, showing increased interest in the printed word. The company used the modern methods and technologies available, which reduced the price of the final book or other printed materials. For publication, it selected titles whose sales were guaranteed or at least expected. The result was the repeated printing of a number of titles of religious, educational and entertainment literature, which had already been popular in previous centuries, and the development of contemporary titles for the general public from both urban and rural areas. For centuries, great popularity was mainly enjoyed by the titles of religious folk literature (Himmelschlüssel prayer books by the theologian Martin von Cochem and other prayer and devotional books), in which Baroque Catholic piety was reflected until the late 19th century. To the original Himmelschlüssel and other traditional titles, the printing works added titles of its regular authors and their translations of contemporary prayer and religious literature. It complemented the titles of secular entertainment literature (reprints of original works, e.g. Kronika o Štilfridovi [The Chronicle of Štilfríd] or Kronika sedmi mudrců [The Chronicle of the Seven Wise Men]) with translations and original works by Jan Hýbl and Václav Rodomil Kramerius, and it also printed moralising stories by local priests. Educational literature, such as guides for homesteaders, cooks and the like sold also well. A separate activity section comprises the publication and printing of textbooks mostly for local schools. Until the end of the 19th century, they were abundantly complemented by printed broadsides, affordable to every household. A significant chapter of the 19th century was the development of periodicals, which was mirrored in the second half of that century also in newly emerging regional titles, especially in the weekly Ohlas od Nežárky [Echoes from the River Nežárka], which began to be published in 1871.

scholarly journals What do different landscapes of the Atlantic Forest reveal about the occurrence of Discothyrea Roger, 1863 (Formicidae: Proceratiinae)?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Tiemi Wazema ◽  
Victor Hideki Nagatani ◽  
Débora Rodrigues de Souza-Campana ◽  
Fabrício Severo Magalhães ◽  
Ricardo Sartorello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscapes ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anthropic Influence ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Species Ecology

Abstract: Discothyrea is a genus composed of specialist predatory species rarely recorded and with little known biology. Specimen collection is usually associated with preserved native vegetation. In this work, we explore the landscape of sites with occurrence of Discothyrea seeking to improve knowledge about the natural history of this genus. Species of Discothyrea were recorded in ten Atlantic Forest sites. We analyzed the landscape around the place of occurrence of each species using a 500-m buffer. We classified the landscape as heterogeneous and homogeneous according to the percentage of natural (native vegetation), urban, and rural areas. We found 67 specimens of Discothyrea; 59 of them were D. sexarticulata, occurring in 88% of the fragments. There were also eight specimens of D. neotropica occurring in 12% of the fragments. The results show that D. sexarticulata can be found in homogeneous landscapes with anthropic influence (0-51% of rural area and 0-68% of urban area). Discothyrea neotropica is found in heterogeneous landscapes with a dominant presence of native vegetation (between 74-95%). The results improve knowledge on the biology of Discothyrea mainly in relation to the vicinity of occurrence sites. In addition, the results indicate that regional studies are important to understand species ecology.

scholarly journals Resilience Thinking as a System Approach to Promote China’s Sustainability Transitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5008
Author(s):  
Qirui Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
Sustainability Transitions ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Resilience Thinking ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Urban regeneration and rural revitalization are becoming major policy initiatives in China, which requires new approaches for sustainability transitions. This paper reviewed the history of policy reforms and institutional changes and analysed the main challenges to sustainability transitions in China. The urban-rural systems were defined as a complex dynamic social-ecological system based on resilience thinking and transition theory. The notions of adaptation and transformation were applied to compose a framework to coordinate “resilience” with “sustainability”. The findings indicate that China’s urbanization has experienced the conservative development of restructuring socio-economic and political systems (before 1984), the fast industrialization and economic development leaned to cities (1984 to 2002), the rapid urbanization led by land expropriation and investment expansion (2002 to 2012), and the quality development transformation equally in urban and rural areas (since 2012). The sustainability transitions have been challenged by controversial institutional arrangements, concerning population mobility control, unequal social welfare, and incomplete property rights. A series of policy interventions should be designed and implemented accordingly with joint efforts of multiple stakeholders and based on the combined technocratic and bottom-up knowledge derived from proactive and conscious individuals and collectives through context-dependent social networks.

scholarly journals Strengthening Urban-Rural Resource Flow through Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (R-CES) Approach in Nagpur, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8663
Author(s):  
Kamakshi Thapa ◽  
Vibhas Sukhwani ◽  
Sameer Deshkar ◽  
Rajib Shaw ◽  
Bijon Kumer Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Home Interview ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Urban and rural areas within a regional space are closely linked through a variety of linkages including the flow of people. The increasing pace of development transformations with discrete planning of urban and rural areas has raised serious concerns for achieving coordinated development at the regional level. In that regard, the concept of Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (R-CES) has recently been introduced by the Government of Japan to localize the flow of resources between urban and rural areas. To understand the applicability of the R-CES approach, this study aims to visualize the flow of people within a defined cluster of Nagpur Metropolitan Area (NMA) in India. A “home interview method” Origin-Destination survey was adopted to analyze the flow patterns of people and their key purposes. Based on the collected information, flows of people were represented using a desire line diagram in ArcGIS 10.4.1. The study results revealed that the maximum flow of the rural and forest population is directed towards nearby or distant urban settlements to avail the higher-order urban services. Based on the key R-CES principles of a low-carbon society, circular economy, and harmony with nature, the authors suggest feasible directions for localizing the urban–rural flow of people in NMA.

Usage and Diffusion of Biotechnology Virtual Labs for Enhancing University Education in India's Urban and Rural Areas

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1359-1379
Author(s):  
Shyam Diwakar ◽  
Rakhi Radhamani ◽  
Gopika Sujatha ◽  
Hemalatha Sasidharakurup ◽  
Akhila Shekhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
College Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Virtual Labs ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Feedback Analysis ◽  
Virtual Laboratories ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Set Up

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-enabled virtual laboratories provide an online learning experience with the aid of computer-based instructional materials (animation, simulation, and remote-trigger experiments) for improving the active learning process. The project reported on in this chapter was set up in order to enhance university and college education, which is now becoming an advanced training environment for solving the geographical, social, and economic challenges faced in the interdisciplinary field of science education, especially in India. In order to study the role of biotechnology virtual laboratories in the current education system, a pedagogical survey, via workshops and online feedback, was carried out among several student and teacher groups of different Indian universities. This chapter reports how virtual labs in biotechnology can be used to improve teaching and learning experiences in an easy and understandable way with user interaction and how such tools serve to effectively reduce the problems of laboratory education especially in remote areas. The results obtained from user-feedback analysis suggest the use of virtual labs as a recommended component in blended education in large classroom scenarios for enhancing autonomous learning process and as an alternative to enhance lab education in geographically remote and economically challenged institutes.

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