The Maya and Environmental Stress from Past to Present

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Jobbová
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Using a range of evidence from archaeology, ethnography, paleoclimatology and epigraphy this work explores the relationship between Maya society and the local environment; it does so by looking at the impact of different environmental conditions on settlement patterns, subsistence and water management strategies and human responses to climate and environmental stress.

Irrigator and Environmental Water Management Adaptation to Climate Change and Water Reallocation in the Murray–Darling Basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mac Kirby ◽  
Jeff Connor ◽  
Mobin-ud Din Ahmad ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Mohammed Mainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
The Impact

In an earlier paper (Kirby et al. 2014a), we showed that climate change and a new policy which reallocates water to the environment will impact both the flow of water and the income derived from irrigation in the Murray–Darling Basin. Here, we extend the analysis to consider irrigator and environmental water management strategies to adapt to these new circumstances. Using an integrated hydrology-economics model, we examine a range of strategies and their impact on flows and the gross income of irrigation. We show that the adaptation strategies provide a range of flow and economic outcomes in the Basin. Several strategies offer significant scope to enhance flows without large adverse impacts on the gross income of irrigation overall. Some environmental water management strategies enhance flows in the Murray part of the basin even under the drying influence of a projected median climate change. Irrigator strategies that include carryover of water in storage from one year to the next provide for lesser year to year variability in gross income and may be regarded as more advantageous in providing security against droughts. Flows and the gross income of low value irrigation industries strategies are sensitive to climate change, irrespective of adaptation strategy. Should a projected dry extreme climate change be realized, no strategy can prevent a large reduction in flows and also in gross income, particularly of low value irrigation industries. Nevertheless, environmental water management strategies mitigate the impact on flows, and in some cases may also help mitigate the impacts on gross income. High value irrigation industries are less affected (in terms of gross income, though net income will reduce because of rising water prices) by projected climate change, consistent with observation in the recent long term drought.

scholarly journals Exploring the Connections between Land Use and Transportation: A Case Study of Shaheb Bazar to Rail Gate Road, Rajshahi City

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulal Sarker ◽  
Abdur Rouf Khan ◽  
Muhaiminul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rajshahi City

Abstract Land use-transportation comprehensive planning has become an increasingly common technique in regional and sub-regional planning processes. Since land use management strategies act as an effective tool to achieve transportation planning objectives, it is important to identify the relationship between land use pattern and travel behaviour. This study examined the relationship between transportation and land use in Rajshahi city. Rajshahi is a major urban, commercial and educational centre of Bangladesh. In Rajshahi, Shaheb bazaar zero points to New Market road is one of the most important roads. After construction of this road in 2013 intense development has taken place beside it. To identify this primary relationship data has been collected from different types of field survey. Then the impact of land use and transportation has been determined by comparing with the previous database. The findings of the study show that there exist a reciprocal relationship between land use and transportation system and the impacts on both. The study also notes that the impact of transportation on land use is more than the impact of land use on transportation. The study will help to control the haphazard growth and traffic congestion of the concerned area in the future.

scholarly journals Toward an Investigation of Diversity and Cultivation of Rye (Secale cereale ssp. cereale L.) in Germany: Methodological Insights and First Results from Early Modern Plant Material

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2451
Author(s):  
Sofia Filatova ◽  
Benjamin Claassen ◽  
Guillermo Torres ◽  
Ben Krause-Kyora ◽  
Eva Holtgrewe Stukenbrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Weed Ecology ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
The Impact

Rye (Secale cereale ssp. cereale L.) is a secondary domesticate, considered to have originated as a weed in wheat fields and to have developed traits of domestication by evolving similar physiological and morphological characteristics to those of wheat. Although it migrated into Europe as a weed possessing domestication traits, it became one of the most significant crops grown in large parts of Europe from the medieval period onward. Within the modern borders of Germany, rye was grown using at least two divergent cultivation practices: eternal rye monoculture and three-field rotation. The straw of rye was used to produce Wellerhölzer, which are construction components in traditional half-timbered houses that have enabled a desiccated preservation of the plant remains. In order to assess the impact of cultivation practices, local environmental conditions and genetic variation on the genetic diversification of rye, we seek to integrate well-established archaeobotanical methods with aDNA sequencing of desiccated plant remains obtained from Wellerhölzer from Germany. In the current contribution, we present a proof of concept, based on the analysis of plant remains from a Wellerholz from the Old Town Hall of Göttingen. We use arable weed ecology to reconstruct cultivation practices and local environmental conditions and present a phylogenetic analysis based on targeted loci of the chloroplast and nuclear genome. Our results emphasise that the study of desiccated remains of plants from Wellerhölzer offer a unique opportunity for an integration of archaeobotanical reconstructions of cultivation practices and local environment and the sequencing of aDNA.

scholarly journals LETTER TO THE EDITOR: COVID-19 AND THE CHALLENGES OF FRAILTY SCREENING IN OLDER ADULTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O’Caoimh ◽  
S. Kennelly ◽  
E. Ahern ◽  
S. O’Keeffe ◽  
R.R. Ortuño
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Clinical Frailty Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recent Editorial ◽  
The Relationship

We read with interest the recent editorial examining the relationship between geriatric syndromes and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of Covid-19 (1), particularly the authors recognition of the need to identify frailty among older adults presenting with suspected symptoms and the importance of mobilising a range of healthcare professionals to tackle this disease (1). However, the identification of frailty and the utilisation of screening instruments by those without geriatric training and especially in acute care is challenging. Frailty is a complex condition. While age-associated, it is multi-dimensional and remains difficult to define (2). Although the Covid-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected older adults (1), data are lacking and pathophysiological mechanisms and the impact of differential management strategies on the course of the disease among older adults is uncertain (1). Further, the prevalence of frailty among those diagnosed, admitted or dying is not clearly reported at present. Nevertheless, the rationale for using frailty to identify those at risk and to allocate care has been correctly highlighted (1). We suggest however, that the use of instruments such as the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) (3) and particularly by non-specialised staff in this setting warrants more careful examination.

Integrated water cycle planning for towns in New South Wales, Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schneider ◽  
A. Davison ◽  
A. Langdon ◽  
G. Freeman ◽  
C. Essery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
State Government ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Urban Centre

Integration means different things to different people and as a consequence appears to only partially deliver on promised outcomes. For effective integrated water cycle management these outcomes should include improved water use efficiency, less waste, environmental sustainability, and provide secure and reliable supply to meet social and economic needs. The objective of integration is the management and combination of all these outcomes as part of a whole, so as to provide better outcomes than would be expected by managing the parts independently. Integration is also a consequence of the Water Reforms embarked on by the NSW State Government in 1995. The key goals of the reforms are clean and healthy rivers and groundwaters, and the establishment of more secure water entitlements for users. They are also essential for meeting the Council of Australian Government (COAG) water management strategies. The policies and guidelines that formed the NSW Water Reforms were the basis of the Water Management Act 2000 (NSW) (WMA) which is the legislative framework for water management in NSW. The NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation has developed an approach to integrated water cycle management for rural centres in NSW based on a catchment and policy context. This approach includes consideration of catchment wide needs and issues, environmental sustainability, government policy and community objectives in the development of an integrated water cycle plan. The approach provides for a transparent assessment of priorities and how to deal with them, and while specific to urban centres, could easily be expanded for use in the management of the whole of the catchment water cycle. Integration of the water cycle is expected to offer benefits to the local environment, community and economy. For instance, any unused proportion of an urban centre's water entitlement, or an offset against this entitlement created through returned flows (such as via good quality sewage effluent discharge to a river), can provide a surplus which is available to be traded on an annual basis. Further, improved demand management within an urban centre can be expected to result in a reduction in abstraction against the licence entitlement. This may result in the increased availability of in-stream water for environmental or other purposes and is expected to increase the economic value of returned water. Improved water use efficiencies are also expected to result in reduced capital works (and their associated costs) as the efficiency of service delivery and resource use improves. In this paper an example of the application of this process is provided and the outcomes discussed.

scholarly journals Lost Landscape: A Combination of LiDAR and APSFR Data to Locate and Contextualize Archaeological Sites in River Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3506
Author(s):  
Esther Rodríguez González ◽  
Pablo Paniego Díaz ◽  
Sebastián Celestino Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Guadiana Basin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Periods

Over the last few decades, river landscapes have been significantly transformed as a result of increased human impact. This transformation is evident in areas such as the middle Guadiana basin, where the impact of both agricultural and hydraulic infrastructures has led to the decontextualization of archaeological sites, resulting in a disconnection between archaeological sites and their own physical environment. In order to analyse the location and geographic contexts of sites from the first Iron Age in the middle Guadiana basin and to detect the existence of human settlement patterns, we designed a methodological approach that combines LiDAR and APSFR data (areas with potential significant flood risk). The main purpose of this method is to detect flood areas and assess the relationship between them and archaeological sites. The result allowed us to obtain a clearer understanding of these societies, their knowledge of the physical environment, and the causes and reasons behind their occupation of certain sites. The validation of the results demonstrated the versatility of this methodological approach, which can be extrapolated to analysing other regions and historical periods.

scholarly journals Comparing Three Approaches to Estimating Optimum White Water Kayak Flows in Western Norway

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Zinke ◽  
Dag Sandvik ◽  
Ingrid Nesheim ◽  
Isabel Seifert-Dähnn
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Optimal Flow ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Regression Functions ◽  
White Water ◽  
The Impact

Background: Modern water management strategies aim to assess the impact of water regulation alternatives on all relevant ecosystem services, including white water (WW) recreation. Therefore it is important to estimate the optimum kayak flow range for river reaches that are potentially relevant for WW kayaking. Methods: We used the grade V run of the Teigdalselva River as an example and compared the results of three different approaches: (i) a hydro-morphological analysis of kayak runs using public data sources; (ii) a citizen science method that is based on photos and videos of kayak-activities on the web; and, (iii) interviews with elite kayakers. Results: For the hydro-morphological analysis, we found that some optimal flow ranges for WW kayak could be estimated based on empirical regional regression as a function of the natural mean flow and the geomorphic run type. The interviewed kayakers suggested a wider range of optimal flows, in particular, higher maxima. The test of the citizen science approach provided flows that ranged in the middle of the estimates made by the two other approaches for prescribing optimum kayak flow ranges. Conclusions: We recommend a combination of different methods for water management studies that are related to flow requirements for white water kayak. Estimations based on the empirical regression functions should be always complemented by at least one other approach.

scholarly journals The Impact of Electronic Waste "Smart Devices" on Environmental Pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-158
Author(s):  
Abdel Sattar Salem Awad ◽  
Mansour Ali Salman ◽  
Emad Ismail Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Electronic Waste Recycling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

he research sought to determine the relationship between the electronic waste and the environmental pollution in the city of Kirkuk and the importance of recycling electronic waste (smart devices) and ways to reduce their accumulation. This was expressed by the research objective, which summarizes the creation of new job opportunities improve the economy and enhance financial performance in the local environment of the city of Kirkuk. Based on a default scheme that takes into consideration the nature and dimensions of the relations between the variables of the research, a questionnaire questionnaire was prepared for this purpose and distributed to the sample members (35). The data were analyzed according to the SPSS VER 24 program. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was the existence of a significant correlation between the electronic waste and the environmental pollution in addition to the significant effect between the electronic waste recycling stages, Environment.

Using remotely sensed imagery to estimate potential annual pollutant loads in river basins

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin He ◽  
Kazuo Oki ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Taikan Oki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Land cover changes around river basins have caused serious environmental degradation in global surface water areas, in which the direct monitoring and numerical modeling is inherently difficult. Prediction of pollutant loads is therefore crucial to river environmental management under the impact of climate change and intensified human activities. This research analyzed the relationship between land cover types estimated from NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery and the potential annual pollutant loads of river basins in Japan. Then an empirical approach, which estimates annual pollutant loads directly from satellite imagery and hydrological data, was investigated. Six water quality indicators were examined, including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), suspended sediment (SS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The pollutant loads of TN, TP, SS, BOD, COD, and DO were then estimated for 30 river basins in Japan. Results show that the proposed simulation technique can be used to predict the pollutant loads of river basins in Japan. These results may be useful in establishing total maximum annual pollutant loads and developing best management strategies for surface water pollution at river basin scale.

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