scholarly journals Cultivars and lines from ICARDA in spring durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) breeding in the Lower Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
S. N. Gaponov ◽  
G. I. Shutareva ◽  
N. M. Tsetva ◽  
I. S. Tsetva ◽  
I. V. Milovanov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
State Register ◽  
East Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Background. In 1991, under the cooperation agreement, the Federal Center of Agriculture Research (FCAR) of the South-East Region received the first improved accessions from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). The objective of this work was to study the source material developed under comparable conditions of dryland agriculture and include the best accessions in scientific breeding programs.Material and methods. The presented data resulted from the study of spring durum wheat cultivars and lines from ICARDA (Aleppo, Syria), conducted in 1991–1998. Accessions with the best indicators of grain quality, adapted to the conditions of the Lower Volga, were selected and included into the crossing program. Grain analysis was carried out using the conventional methods for durum wheat as well as those modified by the Spring Durum Wheat Breeding Laboratory of the FCAR of the South-East.Result and conclusion. Many years of work led to identifying 22 lines of spring durum wheat, selected in the breeding nursery of the Main Competitive Trails (MCT) and in different years involved in complex multistep hybridization. The spring durum wheat cultivar ‘Lilek’ was included into the State Register for Selection Achievements in 2009, while cv. ‘Tamara’ was submitted to the State Variety Trials in 2020.

scholarly journals CARTOGRAFIAS DA VITICULTURA EM MINAS GERAIS: da gênese no Sul à expansão para o Norte

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202106
Author(s):  
Marcelo Cervo Chelotti ◽  
Rosa Maria Vieira Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Agricultural Census

CARTOGRAPHS OF VITICULTURE IN MINAS GERAIS: from South genesis to North expansionCARTOGRAFÍAS DE LA VITICULTURA EN MINAS GERAIS: de la génesis en el Sur a la expansión al NorteRESUMOO presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a reorientação no deslocamento do padrão espacial do cultivo de uvas no estado de Minas Gerais, originalmente localizado no Sul, mas expandiu-se para o norte mineiro nas últimas décadas. Os procedimentos metodológicos centraram-se na revisão de literatura sobre a viticultura no Brasil, e na coleta em dados secundários na Pesquisa Agrícola Municipal/PAM/IBGE, nos Censos Agropecuários do IBGE, além do Banco de Dados de Uva, Vinho e Derivados/VITIBRASIL. Os mapas temáticos demonstraram a dinâmica da viticultura em Minas Gerais, evidenciando uma mudança no padrão espacial, ou seja, historicamente concentrada no sul do estado, mas verificamos no pós-1990 uma expansão geográfica para o norte, principalmente em direção ao Cerrado e vale do Rio São Francisco. O papel desempenhado pela pesquisa, na busca de novas técnicas para a viticultura em regiões tropicais, tem uma grande centralidade nesse processo, uma vez que estamos diante de um novo paradigma para a produção de uvas e vinhos.Palavras-chave: Viticultura; Regionalização; Geografia do Vinho; Minas Gerais.ABSTRACTThis article has the goal to analyze the reorientation in the displacement of the spatial pattern of grape cultivation in the state of Minas Gerais, originally located in the south, but has expanded to the north of Minas Gerais in recent decades. The methodological procedures focused on the literature review on viticulture in Brazil, and the collection of secondary data from the Municipal Agricultural Research/PAM/IBGE, the IBGE Agricultural Census, and the Grape, Wine and Derivatives Database/VITIBRASIL. Thematic maps showed the dynamics of viticulture in Minas Gerais, showing a change in the spatial pattern, that is, historically concentrated in the south of the state. Sao Francisco River. The role played by the research in the search for new techniques for viticulture in tropical regions has a great centrality in this process, since we are facing a new paradigm for the production of grapes and wines.Keywords: Viticulture; Regionalization; Wine Geography; Minas Gerais.RESUMENEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la reorientación en el desplazamiento del patrón espacial del cultivo de la uva en el estado de Minas Gerais, originalmente ubicado en el sur, pero se ha expandido al norte de Minas Gerais en las últimas décadas. Los procedimientos metodológicos se centraron en la revisión de la literatura sobre viticultura en Brasil, y en la recopilación de datos secundarios en la Investigación Agrícola Municipal/PAM/IBGE, en los Censos Agrícolas del IBGE, además de la Base de Datos de Uva, Vino y Derivados/VITIBRASIL. Los mapas temáticos demostraron la dinámica de la viticultura en Minas Gerais, mostrando un cambio en el patrón espacial, es decir, históricamente concentrado en el sur del estado, pero en la década de 1990 verificamos una expansión geográfica hacia el norte, principalmente hacia el Cerrado y Vale do Río São Francisco El papel desempeñado por la investigación, en la búsqueda de nuevas técnicas para la viticultura en las regiones tropicales, tiene una gran centralidad en este proceso, ya que nos enfrentamos a un nuevo paradigma para la producción de uvas y vinos.Palabras-clave: Viticultura; Regionalización; Geografía del Vino; Minas Gerais.

scholarly journals Effect of two bottom fertilizers and previous crop on yield of durum wheat breeding seed (Triticum durum Desf.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Chiahi ◽  
Louhichi Brinis
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

To improve the yield of durum wheat seed (Triticum durum Desf.), seven varieties were grown in an experimental field (Tifech region in Souk Ahras). The study focused on planting the varieties on two cropping precedents (sorghum and fallow grazing), in addition to the use of two bottom fertilizers, one potassic (Fosfactyl) and the other phoshonitrogen, (DAP). The analysis of the results showed a clear improvement in grain yields in the varieties harvested from the previous crop (Sorgho) and having received Fosfactyl as fertilizer. The best grain yields were displayed by the Carioca, Boussallem and Sersou varieties. After harvest, the study of soil parameters of the respective parcels showed soil with a sandy loam texture, with a low organic matter, with a slightly alkaline pH, while being low in salts.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity among cassava genotypes (Manihot esculenta crantz) collected in the south-central mesoregion of the state of Mato Grosso-Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37048
Author(s):  
Bruno Wagner Zago ◽  
Marco Antonio Aparecido Barelli ◽  
Valvenarg Pereira da Silva ◽  
Rafhael Felipin-Azevedo ◽  
Carla Lima Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The South ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
South Central

The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic divergence between 164 genotypes of Manihot esculenta from the South-Central mesoregion of the State of Mato Grosso. The genotypes are from projects conducted by the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology of the University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres-Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), and the Brazilian Public Agricultural Research Corporation - Agrosilvopastoral (EMBRAPA). The agronomic descriptors evaluated were plant height, height of first branching, branching levels, weight of the aerial part of the plant, total weight of the plant, number of roots per plant, average weight of roots per plant, yield of commercial roots, yield of non-commercial roots, number of rotten roots per plant and harvest index. For the analysis of genetic divergence, multivariate analysis based on the standardized Euclidean mean distance was employed, later performing the Hierarchical UPGMA and Tocher Optimization agglomerative methods. The degree of preservation of the genetic distances in the dendrogram was verified using the Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient. The Singh criterion was used to quantify the relative contribution of characteristics to genetic divergence. The genotypes presented genetic dissimilarity for the evaluated characteristics and based on the results of the dissimilarity matrix and groupings, it is recommended the crossings between the genotypes allocated in group II with the genotype allocated in group V, for the development of segregated populations with high genetic variability.

scholarly journals Cytoplasmic effects on grain resistance to yellowberry in durum wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bnejdi ◽  
M. Saadoun ◽  
M. El Gazzah
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Epistatic Model ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Parental, F<sub>1</sub>, reciprocal F<sub>1</sub> (RF<sub>1</sub>), F<sub>2</sub>, reciprocal F<sub>2</sub> (RF<sub>2</sub>), BC<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1 </sub>and BC<sub>1</sub>P<sub>2</sub> generations of four crosses involving four cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were evaluated for grain resistance to yellowberry. Significant differences were reported for F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2 </sub>and their reciprocals in all crosses. A generation means analysis indicated the inadequacy of additive-dominance model and additive-dominance model considering maternal effects. However, the variation in generation means in the four crosses could be explained by a digenic epistatic model with cytoplasmic effects. Cytoplasmic effects were significant and consistent in all the crosses. Dominance effects and additive &times; dominance epistasis were more important than additive effects and other epistatic components. The choice of a female parent possessing grain resistance to yellowberry appeared to be decisive in durum wheat breeding for resistance to this serious seed disorder.

scholarly journals Results of selection of winter soft wheat in Penza Agricultural Research Institute – a branch of the CBFC

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Svetlana Valentinovna Kosenko ◽  
Vitaliy Grigorievich Krivobochek
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Main Method ◽  
State Register ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Research Institute

As a result of studies on the selection of winter soft wheat, six varieties have been created, two of which are included in the state register of selection achievements. The main method of selection used in the Penza Institute of Agriculture – a branch of the CBFC is the intraspecific steam and step hybridization combined with individual selection from the hybrid generations F2-7. Varieties and lines from various breeding centers, zoned varieties and lines of private selection were used as parent components.    

SPRING BARLEY NADEZHNYY

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova ◽  
L. M. Eroshenko ◽  
A. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
State Register ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Growing Conditions

According to the results of competitive variety trials for 2009-2014 G. G. for yield and evaluation of biological and agronomic indicators of the selected line 11/1-05h 37(Annabel x Elf), which in 2015 was transferred to the State variety trial and included in the state register under the name Reliable. The article presents varietal description and brief characteristics of varieties on yield and quality. The most important biological feature of the variety is the high adaptability and adaptability to different growing conditions. In 2017 the results of two years testing the variety is zoned in the Central (3) and Volga-Vyatka (4) regions. Grade Reliable (Patent No. 8940 from 28.02.2017) two-rowed barley varieties nutans. With high technological grain quality parameters of the variety in the different conditions have been provided huge yield increment – 3351.03 pounds per hectare and in 2013 in Moscow Agricultural Research Institute – 7980.734 pounds per hectare.

scholarly journals The results of durum wheat breeding in Russia for carotenoid pigments content in kernels

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Myasnikova ◽  
P. N. Malchikov ◽  
E. N. Shabolkina ◽  
N. V. Anisimkina ◽  
M. A. Rozova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
The South ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Yellow Pigments ◽  
Wheat Kernels

The concentration of carotenoid pigments in durum wheat kernels determines up to 30.0% of the quality of the final product.  The purpose of the current study is to analyze the results of breeding improvement of spring durum wheat according to this trait in  Russia, at all breeding stages. There was conducted the study based on the varieties of 4–7 stages of breeding in 11 environmental  complexes (year, point) in 2014–2018. There were studied 29 genotypes. The plot area was 5.0–10.0 m2 with a 3-fold repetition.  The concentration of yellow pigments in kernels was identified by extracting them with saturated n-butanol and with a subsequent  photo-colorimetry at a wavelength of 440 ... 450 nm. As a result, there was established a significant increase in the concentration of  carotenoids in kernels of the best genotypes in the main breeding Russian centers (+25–70.0% to the variety of 4-th stage of breeding  “Kharkovsky 46”). The best varieties were “Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya”, “Bezenchukskaya krepost”, “Bezenchukskaya 210” (Samara  RIA), “Saratovskaya zolotistaya” (RIA of the South-East) and the breeding lines “Gordeiforme 677” (FGBNU FANTSA), “D2098”  (RIA of the South-East) and “1368D-18” (Samara RIA). These genotypes are recommended to be used as initial material in breeding  and for the development of recombinant inbred lines for marking QTL that control the synthesis of carotenoids in durum wheat kernels  and organize a marker-associated breeding technology on this basis.

scholarly journals THE METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS’ PART IN WINTER DURUM WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
O. A. Dubinina ◽  
A. P. Samofalov ◽  
N. P. Ilichkina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties

In the regions of insufficient and unstable moisture, hydrothermal conditions are the main natural factors that determine the level of crop productivity. The purpose of our study was to identify the role of the main meteorological factors in the formation of winter durum wheat productivity at different periods of its growth and development. The study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2003–2014. The objects of the study were winter durum wheat varieties and breeding lines of competitive variety testing, sown in black fallow, in four replications, with a plot area of 25 m². The current paper presents the analysis results of the average daily temperature, precipitation, hydrothermal index (HTI) by the periods of winter durum wheat growth and development through the years of study, average varietal productivity for each year. It has been established that the characteristic features of the studied years are a temperature rise, especially in the pre-sowing and sowing periods, during the wintering period and the resumption of spring vegetation, and irregular precipitation, their shift in the fall from November to October, in the winter from February to January, in the spring from April to March, and its decrease or absence during the active growing season. The conducted correlation analysis between main meteorological factors and productivity showed a decisive role of the temperature regime in winter durum wheat productivity formation. It turned out to be less significant in relation to precipitation. This indicates that winter durum wheat productivity does not depend on the total amount of precipitation, but on its distribution, moisture presence in soil, and temperature. According to the analysis of the main meteorological factors, their connection with productivity, there have been identified positive and negative points in the ontogenesis of winter durum wheat associated with climate change, which must be taken into account in breeding and growing technology. There have been determined the main objectives for winter durum wheat breeding, aimed at improving such adaptive properties as drought resistance, heat resistance, especially at the initial stages of growth and development, winter tolerance, disease and pest resistance occurred due to climate change (septorisis, pyrenophorosis, bacteriosis and fusarium of heads and kernels).

ALFALFA VARIETIES ZONED IN THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
State Register ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article describes the main morphological and biological features of alfalfa varieties included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use in the Central Chernozem zone of Russia. A total of 32 alfalfa varieties are included in the State register. This is 9 varieties of blue alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. Sativa) of domestic selection and 8 foreign, 11 varieties of variable alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. nothosubsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang.) domestic selection and 1 variety of foreign and 3 varieties of yellow alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang.). It shows the average and maximum yield of varieties determined in the process of state variety testing, as well as independent evaluation in research institutions in the region. Varieties of blue alfalfa of domestic selection Kevsala, Elena, Satellite, Vavilovskaya Yubileynaya were the most productive. The average yield of dry matter of these varieties reaches 8.4–9.2 t/ha, the maximum — 15.3–17.7 t/ha. Alfalfa varieties Timbale and Galaxy were the most productive among foreign varieties: the average yield of dry matter was 8.1 and 8.3 t/ha, the maximum – 15.5 and 17.2 t/ha. Varieties of alfalfa variable Vitalina and Vela provided an average yield of dry matter of 7.6 and 9.0 t/ha, the maximum yield reached 15.4 and 18.1 t/ha.

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