scholarly journals Assessment of drought resistance in sorghum CMS lines based on various sterility sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
O. P. Kibalnik ◽  
T. V. Larina ◽  
O. B. Kameneva ◽  
D. S. Semin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Cms Line

Background. Global climate changes have recently led to a more frequent occurrence of adverse factors and a decrease in the productivity of major crops. Sorghum is a highly drought-resistant crop that can tolerate long-term soil and air droughts with much lower harvest losses than wheat or barley. It is important to understand physiological mechanisms affecting drought tolerance when breeding efforts are aimed at improving the adaptability to abiotic conditions and productivity of sorghum hybrids.Materials and methods. Twenty sterile lines of grain sorghum with 8 types of CMS were studied in 2019 and 2020 in the arid conditions of Saratov Province. Indicators of the leaf water regime were assessed according to VIR’s guidelines. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using the AGROS 2.09 software.Results. The indicators of the leaf water regime that reflected differentiated responses of the CMS-line plants to the prevailing water and temperature stressors during the critical flowering period for sorghum were analyzed. Four CMS lines were identified according to the chosen set of indicators: they manifested 71.13–72.02% of total water content, 5.26–9.08% of water deficit, and 57.40–83.17% of water retention capacity on average for the two years of research. For the first time, the effect of CMS in sorghum on the manifestation of water regime indicators was registered. In isonuclear CMS lines, the greatest effect on drought resistance was shown by cytoplasm A3 versus A4 (with the Zheltozernoe 10 genome), cytoplasm A5 versus A1 (with the Karlik 4v genome), and M35-1A versus the analog on cytoplasm 9E (with the Pischevoe 614 genome).Conclusion. It is shown that genetically different types of sterility can be used in breeding practice to increase the resistance to abiotic stressors in components of F1 crosses and hybrids.

scholarly journals The assessment of drought resistance of Hydrangea paniculata Siebold varieties promising for the introduction in the Bashkir Cis-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Fanuza Kavievna Murzabulatova ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Total Moisture Content

The paper studies the water regime of panicle hydrangea and 16 varieties of this species introduced into South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of hydrangea varieties resistance to drought and the identification of the most promising taxa suitable for cultivation in the Bashkir Cis-Urals. The study assesses the total moisture content, water retention capacity and the content of mobile moisture in hydrangea leaves for the growing season. It has been found that the total moisture content (water content in the tissues) of panicle hydrangea leaves and its varieties is quite high and ranges from 72 to 82%. Certain varieties (Bobo, Levana, Phantom, PrimWhite, Silver Dollar, Sandy Fraise, Unique) have an ability to increase water retention during flowering. The following varieties are most adapted to dry periods under growing conditions in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Urals: Kyushu, Prim White and Wims Red, the least drought-resistant ones are Tardiva, Sandy Fraise and Praecox; the other 10 varieties are classified as hydrangeas with medium drought resistance. H. paniculata has average values for all parameters of the water regime and their value does not depend on the phenophase.

scholarly journals Characterization and genetic mapping of eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), a cutin deficient barley mutant with impaired leaf water retention capacity

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Xiaoying Ma ◽  
Aidong Wang ◽  
Ruijun Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Barley Mutant

Barrier against water loss: relationship between epicuticular wax composition, gene expression and leaf water retention capacity in banana

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha H. Sampangi-Ramaiah ◽  
Kundapura V. Ravishankar ◽  
Shivashankar K. Seetharamaiah ◽  
Tapas K. Roy ◽  
Laxman R. Hunashikatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Positive Correlation

In the present study we examined 13 banana (Musa spp.) genotypes belonging to different genomic groups with respect to total leaf cuticular wax concentration, chemical composition, carbon chain length and their relationship with leaf water retention capacity (LWRC). A positive correlation between epicuticular wax content and LWRC clearly indicated that the cuticular wax plays an important role in maintaining banana leaf water content. The classification of hexane soluble cuticular wax components into different classes based on functional group and their association with LWRC showed that alcohol and ester compounds have a positive correlation. Further, the compounds with >C28 carbon chain length had a positive correlation with LWRC, indicating the role of longer carbon chain length in maintaining the water status of banana leaves. Also, the gene expression analysis showed higher expression of the wax biosynthetic genes FATB and KCS11 in higher wax load genotypes whereas lower expression was seen in low wax banana genotypes. Here, we report for the first time the compositional variations of cuticular wax in different banana genotypes, followed by their association with leaf water retention capacity. The results were also supported by variation in gene expression analysis of cuticular wax biosynthetic genes – FATB and KCS11.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress on water relation traits of four soybean genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Chowdhury ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
AU Ahmed ◽  
ATM MI Mondol
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Exudation Rate

An experiment was conducted in a venyl house at the environmental stress site of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University during September to December 2012 to know the internal water status under drought stress in soybean genotypes, viz. Shohag, BARI Soybean-6, BD2331 (relatively stress tolerant) and BGM2026 (susceptible). Drought (water) stress reduced the leaf water potential in all the genotypes though was more negative in tolerant genotypes than in susceptible ones. The lowest leaf water potential was obtained from BARI Soybean-6 (-1.58 MPa) and the highest in BGM2026 (-1.2 MPa). Relative water content (RWC) decreased remarkably in all the genotypes and reduction was more in susceptible than tolerant genotypes. At 8.00 am, RWC of stressed plants decreased by 9.58, 9.02, 8.90 and 13.90% in the genotype Shohag,, BARI Soybean-6, BD2331 and BGM2026 at vegetative stage, respectively. Drought stress decreased the exudation rate in all the genotypes of soybean and it was 24, 27, 22 and 12 mg h-1 in the genotype Shohag, BARI Soybean-6, BD2331 and BGM2026 at vegetative stage, respectively. Leaf temperatures in drought stressed plant were higher than in well-watered plants. Shohag, BARI Soybean-6, BD2331 and BGM2026 showed 4.7, 4.5 5.2 and 11.07% increase in leaf temperature due to water stress. At drought stressed treatment reduction in leaf water potential, relative water content, exudation rate and water retention capacity were noticed at the three growth stages in all the genotypes with a concurrent increase in leaf temperature. Genotypes BARI Soybean-6, Shohag and BD2331 showed considerably less reduction in relative water content, exudation rate and water retention capacity, high reduction in leaf water potential and less increase in leaf temperature during drought were considered as drought tolerant. However genotype BGM2026 showed considerably high reduction in relative water content, exudation rate and water retention capacity, low reduction in leaf water potential and high increase in leaf temperature was considered as drought susceptible.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 163-175 (2017)

scholarly journals Study of the influence of adaptogens on the water regime of some varieties of the genus Chrysanthemum L. during the introduction into the Bashkir Pre-Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-13
Author(s):  
Svetlana Denisova ◽  
Antonina Reut
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Retention Capacity

Abstract. Purpose. Study of the effect of anti-stress adaptogens on the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemum in the conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Urals. Methodology and methods. The analysis of indicators of water regime is based on the method of artificial wilting (V. N. Tarenkov, L. N. Ivanova) and the method of saturation of plant samples (V. P. Moiseev, N. P. Reshetskiy). Plants were processed once, and samples were taken in three terms. Calculations were carried out by standard methods using statistical packages of the Microsoft Excel 2003 and the Agros 2.13. Results. The dynamics of indicators of the water regime during the treatment with the preparations “Gumi-20” and “Oberig” is analyzed. An assessment of the total water content, water retention capacity, daily moisture loss and water deficit of ten varieties of chrysanthemum bred by the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of UFRC RAS (SUBGI UFRC RAS) in the period under study is given. Studies have shown that varieties of chrysanthemum in the Bashkir Ural under the same soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following indicators: total water content ‒ 69.4–86.9 %, water-holding capacity ‒ 25.6–53.8 %, daily moisture loss ‒ 17.2–61.0 %, water deficit ‒ 10.9–13.2 %. The use of anti-stress adaptogens did not have a significant effect on the parameters of the water regime, or their effect was variety-specific. As a result of the correlation-regression analysis, inverse relationships were revealed between the indicators of water deficit and the total water content, as well as between the daily water loss and water retention capacity. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the water regime of varieties of chrysanthemum of the SUBGI UFRC RAS selection was studied, the dependences of the water regime indicators were revealed, and the assessment of the expediency of using anti-stress adaptogens for certain varieties in the conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Urals was given.

scholarly journals WATER REGIME OF SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS IRIS L. DURING INTRODUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN URALS

Ekosistemy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
L. F. Beksheneva ◽  
A. A. Reut
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Local Species

The article presents the results of a study of the parameters of the water regime of irises of the subgenus Xyridion introduced in the Southern Urals (Iris graminea, I. halophila, I. halophila var. sogdiana, I. notha, I. orientalis, I. spuria, I. spuria subsp. carthaliniae, I. spuria subsp. musulmanica) in comparison with local species (I. sibirica, I. pseudacorus, I. pumila). The experiments were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of introduction and selection of flower plants of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The objects of the study were different ecological groups of plants in relation to water ‒ hydrophytes, mesophytes and xeromesophytes. The water deficit of leaves and accompanying characteristics (relative turgescence) were determined by saturation of plant samples according to methodological guidelines; water retention capacity, tissue hydration and the level of daily water loss were determined by artificial wilting. The obtained results characterize the peculiarities of the water regime of irises and indicate significant interspecific differences. It was revealed that the flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan contains plants both with a wide range of variability of water retention capacity (I. pumila) and with a fairly conservative one (I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica). Both strategies are successful in the continental climate of the Southern Urals. Introduced taxa of the subgenus Xyridion also keep to a particular strategy and it can be considered an indicator of successful introduction. It is shown that local species of irises do not form a water deficit in conditions of excessive moisture, while 6 taxa of the subgenus Xyridion have an average level of water deficit. According to the sum of indicators, the studied taxa belong to the groups with medium and high stability of the water regime due to low water deficit, high water retention capacity and hydration. These parameters are found in various combinations and sustain the stability of the water regime of cultivars. The studied physiological indicators can be used to assess the success of introduction in comparison with local control species.

scholarly journals Water regime Poaceae family species in the drought conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
М. Власенко ◽  
M. Vlasenko ◽  
К. Трубакова ◽  
K. Trubakova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Poaceae Family

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to consider the patterns of water regime of plants in dry conditions, depending on changes in environmental conditions and plant physiology. The objectives of the research included: identifying abilities of Poaceae family herbs (Festuca pratensis, Bromus inermis L., Agropyron cristatum L., Agropyrum Gaertn.) introduced into crops on the vegetation sites of the lysimetric complex of the Federal Science Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Volgograd) to sustainability in adverse environmental conditions. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The study contributes to the solution of issues of effective prediction of the productivity of forage grasses, since water-regime patterns of growth and development of vegetation must be taken into account when developing optimal growing methods. Methods. The determination of the water-holding capacity of herbs was carried out according to the Arlanda method and is based on taking into account the water loss by plants. The intensity of transpiration was determined by the method of fast weighing the selected sheet of L. А. Ivanov. A description of the mechanism of water retention by plants with an increase in drought is given. Results. As a result, it has been established that perennial grasses of the family Poaceae have a high potential for resistance to soil and atmospheric drought. The largest water retention capacity is: Bromus inermis L. (87.8%), Agropyrum Gaertn. (87.1 %) and Agropyron cristatum L. (87.0 %). The ability to change water retention capacity can be viewed not only as an adaptive function in changing environmental conditions, but also as a dynamic process that characterizes the natural course of the metabolism of cells and tissues during ontogenesis. Indicators of transpiration intensity in species of the Poaceae family usually reach a maximum up to high midday temperatures. The highest rates were found in Bromus inermis L. and Agropyrum Gaertn., for which in the morning they reached 1.41–1.42 g/dm2-h.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Symbiosis for Better Adaptation of Trees to Abiotic Stress Caused by Climate Change in Temperate and Boreal Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Tania Ho-Plágaro ◽  
Hannah E. R. Frank ◽  
Monica Calvo-Polanco ◽  
Isabelle Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Global climate changes have serious consequences on natural ecosystems and cause diverse environmental abiotic stressors that negatively affect plant growth and development. Trees are dependent on their symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, as the hyphal network significantly improves the uptake of water and essential mineral nutrients by colonized roots. A number of recent studies has enhanced our knowledge on the functions of mycorrhizal associations between fungi and plant roots. Moreover, a series of timely studies have investigated the impact and benefit of root symbioses on the adaptation of plants to climate change-associated stressors. Trees in temperate and boreal forests are increasingly exposed to adverse environmental conditions, thus affecting their durable growth. In this mini-review, we focus our attention on the role mycorrhizal symbioses play in attenuating abiotic stressors imposed on trees facing climatic changes, such as high temperatures, drought, salinity, and flooding.

Evaluation of Resistant Starch Quality from Different Types of Banana in Batter Coating Formulation to Reduce Oil Absorption in Fried Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Karissha Fritzi Della ◽  
Mutiara Pratiwi ◽  
Purwa Tri Cahyana ◽  
Maria DPT Gunawan-Puteri
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coating Formulation

Fried food is convenient for many people due to its pleasant texture and taste. On the other hand, it comes with the risk of high oil absorption which might lead to certain health problems. Resistant starch (RS) has been known to have a functionality of reducing oil absorption. Three different types of banana: Kepok (Musa paradisiaca formatypica), Raja Bulu (Musa paradisiaca L.) and Ambon (Musa paradisiaca L. var sapientum) were evaluated on its performance when utilized as source of resistant starch especially on their application in reducing oil absorption in fried food. Tempeh was used as the food model. Banana starch (RS2) was isolated through water alkaline extraction process, continued with modification process through three repeated cycles of autoclaving-cooling process to obtain the RS3. RS3 was added into the batter coating formulation at three substitution ratios (10%, 30% and 50%) and then used to coat tempeh before frying. Evaluation of resistant starch in batter and battered productwas conducted on the following parameters: fat content, water retention capacity (WRC), coating pick up and sensory analysis. The result of this study revealed that Raja Bulu showed the most effective result on reducing oil absorption in the food tested. In the three bananas used, the ratio of 50% performed best in coating pick up (highest), WRC (highest) and fat content(lowest) parameters, but not significantly different with the 30% ratio. In terms of sensory acceptance, using Raja Bulu as the selected banana type, 30% of substitution ratio was significantly more preferable by the panelists in crispness, oiliness, and overall acceptance attributes compared to control and other substitution ratios.

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