scholarly journals Monitoring of mycotoxins in feed of the Krasnodar Territory and their combined effect on the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.V. Miroshnichenko ◽  
N.N. Zabashta ◽  
E.P. Lisovitskaya ◽  
V.V. Menshenin ◽  
S.V. Prutsakov
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Experimental Group

Diets for cattle are affected by fungi - producers of mycotoxins: hay, straw, silage, grain, concentrates. Highly productive cattle breeds are more sensitive to mycotoxins. It has been studied that mycotoxins have antibiotic properties, disrupting the biocenosis and functionality of the proventriculus of cattle. This leads not only to a disruption in the nutritional process of animals, but also contributes to a decrease in the enzymatic activity of the rumen microflora and thus facilitates the penetration of other mycotoxins into the animal body. When conducting sanitary and mycological studies of coarse and succulent feed, compound feed and feed additives for cattle, it was found that feed was affected by micromycetes in descending order Mucor sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Candida sp., Penicillium sp. In the study of feeds, it was found that the most frequently recorded mycotoxins in descending order, T-2 toxin, aflatoxin, zearalenonone, ochratoxin A, fumonisin. Monitoring studies found that feed for cattle not containing mycotoxins was 33.4%, containing one mycotoxin 34.8%, two mycotoxins 28.8%, three mycotoxins 3.03%. When conducting scientific and economic experiments, the content of two mycotoxins in feed was diagnosed, the concentration of which for zearalenone was 1.0 mg / kg, for aflatoxin - 0.04 mg / kg. To study the effect of mycotoxins on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract (proventriculus), an experiment was carried out on 40 bull calves of 7 months of age. The experimental group of animals (20 animals) was given feed contaminated with mycotoxins, the control group received a diet without mycotoxins. the contents of the rumen were collected on days 10, 20, and 30 of the experiment. The clinical picture in experimental animals with combined mycotoxicosis during the experimental period was characterized by a decrease in feed consumption by 10-20%, weight gain by an average of 18-25%, exhaustion, dullness of the coat, and alopecia. The difference between the experimental and control group of lactobacilli was 28.0%; 157.1% and 215.0% log10 CFU, respectively, for study days. Bifidobacteria 13.0%; 86.2% and 192.3% log10 CFU, respectively. The decrease in ciliates in the experimental group in comparison with the control on the 10th day of the experiment was 7.1 thousand units / g, on the 20 day 27.9 thousand units / g, on the 30th day 77.2 thousand units / g. Thus, the content of the main joints of the biocenosis in the rumen of cattle on days 10, 20 and 30 of the experiment was significantly reduced in the experimental group, the diet of which contained the association of mycotoxins. The monitoring carried out indicates that mycotoxins (in descending order) are most often recorded in feed for farm animals in the Krasnodar Territory: T-2 toxin, aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, fumonisin. A high contamination of feed and raw materials with molds was established - Mucor sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Candida sp., Penicillium sp. A decrease in the main representatives of the biocenosis actively participating in the digestion of cattle: lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, ciliates, under the influence of the combined effect of mycotoxins, has been established.

scholarly journals Influência de fungos filamentosos e leveduras sobre contagem bacteriana e células somáticas em amostras de leite cru bovino

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e304974135
Author(s):  
Eduardo de Assis Lima ◽  
Rita de Cássia Campbell Machado Botteon ◽  
Francisco de Assis Baroni ◽  
Ana Carla Pinheiro Lima
Keyword(s):  
Candida Sp ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

No Brasil, de um modo geral, o leite é obtido em condições higiênico-sanitárias deficientes, em consequência, apresenta elevado número de microrganismos contaminantes. O crescimento microbiano no leite causa um grande prejuízo econômico para as indústrias de beneficiamento. Os fungos desempenham um importante papel na indústria de produtos lácteos, pois podem promover deterioração ou desencadear fermentação e/ou maturação indesejáveis aos derivados do leite. O presente trabalho objetivou investigar a relação entre contagem bacteriana total (CBT) e o isolamento de fungos filamentosos e leveduras em amostras de leite do tanque de expansão. O leite de 160 propriedades foi monitorado por 6 meses quanto à contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e CBT por métodos oficiais. Foram analisadas amostras de 120 propriedades quanto à CBT e isolamento de fungos. Em 102 amostras (85%) foram isolados fungos filamentosos (Acremonium sp., Alternaria spp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Mucor spp., Penicillium sp.) e/ou leveduras Candida sp., Geotrichum sp., Pichia sp., Prothoteca sp., Rodothorula sp., Trichosporon sp.) com média de 1.284 UFC/mL e CBT de 133.000 UFC/mL. Em 14 amostras negativas para fungos obteve-se uma média de 652.000 UFC/mL para a CBT. A diferença da CBT entre amostras positivas e negativas para fungos foi significativa (p<0,001), demonstrando a influência dos fungos sobre o crescimento bacteriano e a CBT do leite. A presença de fungos e o potencial risco de produção de toxinas no leite cru e seus derivados devem ser investigadas, bem como a relação entre o isolamento de fungos e a baixa CBT do leite.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bacterial and Fungal Populations Present in the Wastewater Released by the Ogbe Slaughterhouse

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Nwachukwu Michael ◽  
Ike Christian ◽  
Nwachukwu Ogechi ◽  
Eboagwu Ijeoma ◽  
Odika Prince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

This work aimed to characterize the bacterial and fungal concentrates present in the wastewater thrown by the Ogbe slaughterhouse. Bacterial and fungal concentrates from Ogbe slaughterhouse wastewater were evaluated at two seasons. Results obtained showed total heterotrophic bacterial count (2.0×105-2.1×105 cfu/mL) and total fungal count (1.5×105-2.0×105 cfu/mL). Bacterial isolates such as Acinetobacter sp. (0.50-3.65%), Citrobacter sp. (3.00-9.13%), Escherichia sp. (2.50-13.69%), Klebsiella sp. (2.50-14.16%), Proteus sp. (2.00-9.13%), and Staphylococcus sp. (11.00-13.69%) were higher in dry season than rainy season. Bacillus sp. (9.13-23.00%), Enterobacter sp. (0.00-3.00%), Micrococcus sp. (6.85-7.50%), Pseudomonas sp. (12.84-25.00%), Salmonella sp. (4.57-5.00%), Serratia sp. (0.00-1.50%) and Streptococcus sp. (4.57-13.00%) were higher in rainy season than dry season. Mould isolates such as Absidia sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp., were observed in the present study. Apart from Penicillium sp., the percentage occurrence of all the observed mould isolates in wastewater for the seasons were higher than their respective control. Candida sp., Saccharomyces sp., and Torulopsis sp, were among the yeast isolated from wastewater generated from Ogbe abattoir in this study.  The observed isolates become important when their potential risk as pathogens as well as the intensified environmental health hazards they pose to humans living within the abattoir environment are considered.

DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO E QUALIDADE SANITÁRIA DE GRÃOS DE MILHO, EM FUNÇÃO DA APLICAÇÃO FOLIAR DE FUNGICIDAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-90
Author(s):  
José Roberto Chaves Neto ◽  
Renato Carnellosso Guerra ◽  
Ricardo Boscaini ◽  
Nívea Raquel Ledur ◽  
Maurivan Travessini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

O controle das podridões das espigas e grãos de milho é realizado principalmente com a aplicação de fungicidas químicos em todas as regiões produtoras do Rio Grande do Sul. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da aplicação foliar de fungicidas na incidência de grãos ardidos e de fungos dos gêneros Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp. e Aspergillus sp. em grãos de milho. O experimento foi conduzido na safra agrícola 2014/15, em Cruz Alta, RS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), com 4 tratamentos (3 com aplicação de fungicidas e 1 testemunha sem aplicação) em 4 repetições. Os tratamentos basearam-se nas aplicações dos fungicidas Piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol (380 mL ha-1), Picoxistrobina + ciproconazole (300 mL ha-1) e Azoxistrobina + benzovindiflupir (150 g ha-1). As variáveis analisadas foram: percentagem de grãos ardidos, massa de mil grãos e rendimento de grãos. Houve efeito da aplicação de fungicidas sobre toas as variáveis avaliadas. Os componentes de produção assim como a incidência de grãos ardidos e de fungos fitopatogênicos, em grãos de milho são influenciados pela aplicação via foliar de fungicidas no estádio fenológico V8 da cultura do milho.

Local mineral feed additives in the rations of steers of Hereford breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
M. Grigoryev ◽  
N. Chernogradskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mineral Feed Additives

Animals imported to Yakutia from other regions fall into feeding and housing conditions that differ from their usual agro-climatic conditions, which causes the problem of their adaptation. Yakutia is one of the areas where the feed of its own production has a lack of basic minerals, which affects the health and productivity of animals, which has an additional negative influence on the adaptation process of imported cattle. In order to replenish macro- and microelements in the body, it is necessary to introduce various local mineral feed additives, premixes, and use mineral salts into the ration. Under the conditions of Central Yakutia the influence of local mineral feed additives (zeolite of the Khonguruu Deposit in the Suntar district and sapropels of local lakes) containing macro- and microelements that increase the meat productivity of steers has been studied. As a result of the research the influence of local mineral feed additives on meat productivity and physiological condition of Hereford steers has been established. Influence of zeolite and sapropel in a complex with mineral salts on digestibility of nutrients of the ration and use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus by experimental animals has been defined. The influence of feed additives on the quality of meat products has been studied. The results have shown that the use of local mineral feed additives in the composition of ration of steers during the fattening period at a dose of 0,7 g zeolite per 1 kg of live weight of the animal and 200 g of sapropel in combination with 10 g of mineral salts contributed to the gain in live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, yield of edible parts, and economic efficiency of fattening. For the entire period of the experiment the gain in live weight in groups was: in control group 2222,9 kg, in the 1st experimental group 2396,2 kg, in the 2nd experimental group 2471,1 kg. The total economic effect for the 1st experimental group for the period of experiment amounted to 44,3 thousand Rubles, for the 2nd experimental group 78,0 thousand Rubles or per 1 head/day 14,06 and 24,76 Rubles, respectively.

The effectiveness of use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es when rearing of young pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.

The effectiveness of use RUSMA additive in the rations of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
S. Sukhanova ◽  
N. Pozdnyakova ◽  
F. Yaroslavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of researches on the development of new mineral feed additives based on raw materials produced by Uralchem and the study of the eff ectiveness of their use in the rations of lactating cows have been presented in the article. The experiment has been carried out in the conditions of LLC “PF Barabinskoe” in the Dalmatovsky area in the Kurgan region where 3 groups of lactating cows of Black-and-White breed have been formed. Animals in the control group have been received the ration adopted in the farm, the 1st experimental group with the additive RusMA No. 1 at a dose of 150 g, the 2nd experimental group– with the additive RusMA No. 2 at the dose of 350 g. The use of experimental mineral additives in feeding lactating cows allowed us to increase their milk productivity and profi tability of production. At the same time, the best eff ectiveness was shown by the additive RusMA No. 2 at the dose of 350 g/head/day. The use of RusMA additives during the experiment period (105 days) allowed to increase the milk productivity of cows in the 1st experimental group by 6,03 % and in the 2nd experimental group by 8,24 %. Taking into account the fat content in milk, this diff erence was 6,31 and 8,53 %, respectively. The energy value of milk from cows of the experimental groups was higher compared to the control group by 2,45 and 1,76 %, respectively. According to the content of dry matter in milk, cows of the 2nd experimental group exceeded the control and 1st experimental group by 0,39 and 0,12 abs.%, respectively. The maximum milk fat content has been observed in the milk of cows of the 1st experimental group by 0,03 and 0,01 abs.% more than in the control and 2nd experimental groups, respectively. In terms of protein content, the cows of the 2nd experimental group signifi cantly exceeded the control group by 0,10 abs.% and the 1st experimental by 0,04 abs.%. The content of milk sugar in the 2nd experimental group was higher than in the control by 0,30 abs.% and compared to the 1st experimental by 0,11 %. Signifi cantly more calcium and phosphorus were contained in the milk of cows of the 2nd experimental group by 4,58 % (Р ≤ 0,001) and 2,86 % (Р ≤ 0,05), compared with the control group. The expenditures of feed in the EFU for the production of 1 kg of milk in animals of the 2nd experimental group was less by 5,13 % than in control cows and by 2,63 % compared to the 1st experimental group. The prime cost of 1 centner of milk was lower in the 2nd experimental group by 3,94 %, in the 1st experimental group by 2,65 % compared to the control group. The level of profi tability of milk production in the 2nd experimental group was higher by 9,0 and 1,0 abs.% in comparison with the control and 1st experimental groups, respectively.

The use of premix in feeding of young pigs on fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A. S. Ivanova ◽  
N. V. Dunaeva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

Increasing the production of pork meat requires careful work not only in terms of breeding, but also in the organization of complete feeding of animals, the correct selection of feed and feed additives containing the necessary nutrients. The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of premix in feeding young pigs on fattening. Two groups of fattening young pigs (Large White×Landrace) have been selected for the researches using the method of analogous groups, taking into account the breed, age, and live weight per 20 heads in each group with a live weight of 35 kg. Pigs of the control group have received the main economic diet, and animals of the experimental group have received an additional premix Khutorok at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The results have shown that the best age to reach 100 kg was in the experimental group of pigs – 215,8 days, which received premix with feed that characterizes their higher precocity by 36,3 days (P < 0,001) than in the control group of animals. The use of this premix had a positive impact on the livability of young animals, in the experimental group it was by 9,3 abs.% more than in the control group of animals. Thus, the best fattening traits have been possessed by young pigl of the experimental group have been received the premix Khutorok in their diet at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of using the premix Khutorok in the feeding pigs for fattening.

scholarly journals The Influence of Highly Dispersed Metal Forms on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Polygastric Animals

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makaeva Ayna Maratovna ◽  
Sizova Elena Anatolevna ◽  
Atlanderova Ksenya Nikolaevna
Keyword(s):  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Group I ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Experimental Group

Determining which forms of mineral feed additives can increase farm animal productivity is a key area of research. This study assessed the mineral composition of ruminal fluid and the effectiveness of calcium and phosphorus used by animals after the introduction of finely dispersed particles (FDP) of SiO2 (group I) and FeCo (group II) with a hydrodynamic radius of 109.6 ± 16.6 and 265 ± 25 nm, respectively. The deposition and use of calcium and phosphorus in the body of the experimental animals exceeded the control values. In group I, 30.8% more calcium was deposited (p ≥ 0.05), and in group II, the value was 30.3% (p ≥ 0.01). In the experimental groups, the calcium utilization rate was 27.3% higher in group I (p ≥ 0.05), and 28.2% higher in group II (p ≥ 0.01) compared to in the control. Phosphorus deposition was 34% higher (p ≤ 0.01) in experimental group I and 6% higher in experimental group II, compared with the control. Group I had a high utilization rate of phosphorus from the feed (with a 29% difference compared to the control). Comparison of the experimental groups revealed that the introduction of SiO2 FDP promoted an increase in the concentration of silicon, phosphorus, and calcium in the ruminal fluid. The introduction of FeCo FDP was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of iron and cobalt in the ruminal fluid. Thus, the use of feed additive in finely dispersed form in the diet of animals was accompanied by an increase in the use of calcium and phosphorus by the animal’s body, which is advisable when intensifying milk and meat productivity. The obtained results require further research. Keywords: finely dispersed forms of microelements, ruminants, calcium and phosphorus exchange, feeding

scholarly journals Microrganismos associados a frutos de diferentes cultivares de noz Pecan

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Izumi Terabe ◽  
Cristiane Moreno Martins ◽  
Martin Homechin
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Cladosporium Caryigenum ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

O conhecimento do comportamento natural da nogueira Pecan às principais doenças é de suma importância para o estabelecimento do planejamento da implantação da cultura. O controle fitossanitário e tratos culturais devem ser realizados de modo a não comprometerem a qualidade do produto final, as amêndoas. Foram avaliadas nozes produzidas na safra de 2005 e oriundas de Uraí-PR, pelas cultivares Burkett, Frotscher e Moneymaker, para identificar e quantificar os microrganismos associados à amêndoas e cascas dos frutos, bem como observar diferenças entre organismos colonizadores das cultivares. Os frutos foram avaliados na pós-colheita, aos trinta dias de armazenamento em ambiente, através da metodologia do papel de filtro, sendo submetidos ou não à assepsia superficial. O fungo Cladosporium caryigenum, promotor da rancificação das amêndoas foi observado, em amêndoas e cascas, nas cultivares Burkett, Frotscher e Moneymaker; Fusarium sp., foi encontrado em porcentuais elevados, tanto em amêndoas quanto em cascas das três cultivares estudadas; Cephalothecium roseum, causador do mofo róseo em amêndoas, na cultivar Frotscher. Aspergillus sp. e Penicillium sp., causadores de emboloramento e produtores de aflotoxinas foram observados em porcentuais representativos, em amêndoas da cultivar Frotscher e em amêndoas e cascas das cultivares Frotscher, Burkett e Moneymaker, respectivamente. Os maiores porcentuais de perda do rendimento foram observados na cultivar Burkett, por causa da incidência de Colletotrichum sp., causador da antracnose em amêndoas, que acarreta escurecimento e deterioração do produto final, levando-o ao descarte.

scholarly journals Actividad antifúngica de propóleos obtenidos en tres provincias de Cuba sobre hongos contaminantes en cultivo de tejidos vegetales

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
René Dionisio Cupull-Santana ◽  
Remigio Cortés-Rodríguez ◽  
Ervelio Eliseo Olazábal-Manso ◽  
Carlos Alberto Hernández Medina
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar las características fisicoquímicas y la actividad antifúngica de propóleos de Apis mellifera, provenientes de las provincias de Villa Clara, Cienfuegos y Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Se utilizó el método de recolección por raspado y se estableció el contenido de cera, ceniza, material insoluble y resina de los propóleos crudos. Además, se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro frente a los hongos Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Trichoderma sp., Colletotrichum sp. y Monilia sp.; los extractos presentaron alta actividad antifúngica en un amplio rango de concentraciones; además, los parámetros fisicoquímicos presentaron valores semejantes y dentro de los establecidos por regulaciones internacionales.

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