scholarly journals Evaluation of the Electromagnetic Effect of Traction Rolling Stock on Track Circuits

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
R. Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Stationary Mode ◽  
Electromagnetic Effect ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Residual Voltage ◽  
Track Circuits ◽  
Track Circuit

The regulations regarding railways currently in force in Bulgaria require that each new type of locomotive, to get access to railway infrastructure, must undergo a procedure for checking its electromagnetic effect on functioning of track circuits.The relevant testing was carried out for seven types of AC and DC track circuits and for six types of locomotives intended to be put into operation (five electric locomotives and a diesel locomotive).Schematic diagrams of testing conditions are presented. During the tests the voltage waveform, frequency, and level rates at the terminals of the track receiver (on the track relay coil) were recorded for a free (normal (common) mode) and occupied (shunt mode) track circuit during the action of return traction current of electric locomotives, as well as during the action of impacts caused by operation of electrical equipment located in the body and under the frame of the diesel locomotive.For electric locomotives, the tests were carried out during the shunting of track circuits (of a tested one and of the track circuit adjacent to it), starting from the rest, lowering and raising pantographs. For a diesel locomotive, tests were carried out in a stationary mode, when inner wheelsets shunted the insulating joints of two adjacent track circuits and for different cases of arrangement of the equipment of the relay and receiver ends. During the tests, the state of the armature and contacts of track relays was monitored. The amplitude of the recorded interference was compared with voltage of reliable switching off/ on of track relays/track receivers. It was found that during the shunt mode, the recorded residual voltage in the track receiver under the action of the electric locomotive was 50 or more times lower than the reliable operate voltage and 33 or more times lower than the reliable drop-out voltage of the receiver. For a diesel locomotive, the results turned out to be similar, except for the case of shorter DC track circuits, where the amplitude of the interference was higher, but without a dangerous effect on the shunt mode.Based on the results of the tests, it was established that all types of track circuits used on the railways of Bulgaria are resistant to electromagnetic interference emanating from tested samples of traction rolling stock. 

scholarly journals Variability and uncertainty of Track Circuit band-pass modeling for interference evaluation

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Andrea Mariscotti
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Track Circuits ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Track Circuit ◽  
Added Uncertainty

When evaluating track circuits (TC) interference, the latest normative approach indicates the use of band-pass filters that emulate the TC receiver response. The rms value of the output, when compared to the interference limit, indicates whether a specific signal might create interference or not. The implementation of the filter has some degrees of freedom and needs thus to be characterized in terms of added uncertainty to the interference evaluation process. The latter is relevant to safety, strictly related to the incorrect assignment of the status of the track section monitored and protected by the TC itself. When giving a definitive answer about the immunity of a specific TC and the compatibility with the tested rolling stock, it is thus necessary to completely evaluate the uncertainty associated to the chosen model and to the related signal processing operations, even if - it is recognized - their influence may be considered of second order with respect to infrastructure and rolling stock non-idealities.

scholarly journals Elektromagnetiese modelle vir elektriese spoorbaanstelsels

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
B. M. Steyn ◽  
J. D. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Traction Current ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Track Circuits ◽  
Track Circuit ◽  
Electromagnetic Models

The use of electromagnetic models is very expedient when railway track circuits are designed or when their operation is being studied. These electromagnetic models include models for performance analysis of the different types of track circuits as well as models used to study the effect of electromagnetic interference. Before these models can produce useful results they all require accurate input parameters. These parameters include the transmission line parameters of the track and the traction current distribution along the length of the track. Models that have been developed for these parameters are presented in this paper, together with an overview of the available track circuit models.

scholarly journals Reducing noise influence on an audio frequency track circuit

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Inna Saiapina ◽  
Mykhailo Babaiev ◽  
Olha Аnanіevа
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Audio Frequency ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Traction Current ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Track Circuits ◽  
Track Circuit

In connection with electromagnetic interference influence on the track circuits, the purpose of the research is finding the means to increase the noise immunity of an audio frequency track circuit. The authors propose a new engineering solution, which enables reducing the effect of noises on the input of the track receiver in the intervals between signal current pulses. The proposed noise-immune audio frequency track circuit is based on inserting a delay line, an adjustable single-pulse generator and a controlled electronic switch into the existing audio frequency track circuit equipment. To analyze its efficiency, the operation of the audio frequency track circuit was simulated under conditions of traction current disturbances, impulse and fluctuation interferences with the known parameters. The results show that proposed device for railway transport allows to increase a signal-to-noise ratio on the track receiver input from 8% to 30%, depending on the interference parameters and the level of the useful signal.

ANALYSIS OF THE CREW PART OF THE LOCOMOTIVE TEM23 AND PROPOSALS FOR ELIMINATION OF DISADVANTAGES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Antipin ◽  
Vladimir Vorobev ◽  
Denis Bondarenko ◽  
Gennadiy Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Bogie Frame ◽  
Spring Suspension ◽  
In Series

The analysis of the design features of the bogie of the TEM23 shunting diesel locomotive is carried out. In the process of analysis, the directions of its improvement are determined. It is proposed to rotate the bogie frame in the vertical plane by reducing the body supports to two and using a pivot with low lowering, equip the bogies with pneumatic spring suspension in the form of two corrugations installed in series with shortened suspension springs. The proposed options for improving the undercarriage of a diesel locomotive will increase the competitiveness of products and reduce costs

FORMATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND METHODICAL BASIS TO ESTIMATE STRENGTH CORRESPONDENCE OF DOMESTIC PASSENGER CAR BODIES TO EUROPEAN STANDARD BASIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Sergey Korshunov ◽  
Aleksandr Skachkov ◽  
Sergey Samoshkin ◽  
Aleksandr Smirnov ◽  
Dmitriy Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
International Markets ◽  
The Body ◽  
Standard Basis ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Methodical Basis ◽  
Equipment Development ◽  
European Standards

The development of the international trade and the entrance of domestic car manufacturers into international markets required bench equipment development for tests in accordance with the requirements of the European standards. In this connection the purpose of this work is to develop an experimental and methodical basis for the estimation of the strength correspondence of export railway produce to the European standard basis. In the work there is shown a description of the bench developed for static tests of rolling stock for loads corresponding to the European standard basis. In the requirements mentioned there is used a more extended list of loads and combination of efforts and the necessity in the application of longitudinal loads to the elements of the end wall in three levels should be particularly emphasized. On the test bench there are carried out static tests of the car of model 61-4514 for Egyptian national railways and the body of the motor-rail car of model 2853 for the railway infrastructure of Serbia.

scholarly journals INSTALLATION FOR DETERMINATION OF HEAT RELEASE OF HEATING RADIATORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (164) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Yu. Ivashina ◽  
V. Zavodyannyi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Stationary Mode

To calculate the share of thermal energy consumed by this apartment in an apartment building, it is necessary to determine the heat transfer of all heating radiators in the house. But the heat transfer given in the passport of the heating device corresponds to the temperature pressure equal to 70K. Often the owners install non-standard devices, so the problem of determining the heat transfer of heating radiators in real conditions is relevant. Thermometric method, which is called electric, is widely used for laboratory determination of heat transfer of heating devices. Water by means of the pump circulates through an electric copper and the investigated radiator. The heat output of the latter is defined as the difference between the supplied electrical power (boiler power plus pump) and heat loss. The purpose of the work is to develop and study the operation of the installation for determining the heat transfer of heating radiators, which had a simpler design and could ensure proper measurement accuracy. We have proposed a scheme and design of the installation for determining the heat transfer of electric heating radiators, which differs in that it does not include a circulating pump. Water in the system circulates under the action of gravity due to changes in the density of the coolant during heating and cooling. This greatly simplifies the circuit by eliminating not only the pump but also the valve and the air outlet valve. The heater chamber is made of a steel pipe with a diameter of 88 mm. A steel cover is attached to the lower flange, through which a 1-1.5 kW heater is introduced into the chamber. Two 1/2 ″ sections of pipe are welded to the body of the heater chamber, through which the radiator is connected by means of rubber couplings. The cylindrical surface of the chamber on top of the layer of internal insulation is covered with a shielding heater, the temperature of which is maintained equal to the surface temperature of the heater chamber in the middle part. A layer of external thermal insulation is installed on top of the shielding heater. To determine heat loss, the radiator is disconnected from the heater chamber, plugs are installed and insulated. In stationary mode, the dependence of the heater power on the temperature of the heater chamber is measured, which determines the power of heat losses. The simplification of the installation has led not only to its reduction in price, but also to an increase in accuracy due to the reduction of heat losses and the simplicity of their definition.

Clustering Algorithms for Direct Current Track Coded Signals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Qin ◽  
Nenad Mijatovic ◽  
Jeffrey Fries ◽  
James Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Track Circuits ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Track Circuit ◽  
Fail Safe

Designed for detecting train presence on tracks, track circuits must maintain a level of high availability for railway signaling systems. Due to the fail-safe nature of these critical devices, any failures will result in a declaration of occupancy in a section of track which restricts train movements. It is possible to automatically diagnose and, in some cases, predict the failures of track circuits by performing analytics on the track signals. In order to perform these analytics, we need to study the coded signals transmitted to and received from the track. However, these signals consist of heterogeneous pulses that are noisy for data analysis. Thus, we need techniques which will automatically group homogeneous pulses into similar groups. In this paper, we present data cleansing techniques which will cluster pulses based on digital analysis and machine learning. We report the results of our evaluation of clustering algorithms that improve the quality of analytic data. The data were captured under revenue service conditions operated by Alstom. For clustering algorithm, we used the k-means algorithm to cluster heterogeneous pulses. By tailoring the parameters for this algorithm, we can control the pulses of the cluster, allowing for further analysis of the track circuit signals in order to gain insight regarding its performance.

scholarly journals STUDY OF METHODS OF IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT IS FUNCTIONING TONAL TRACK CIRCUITS WHEN THE RESISTANCE OF THE BALLAST

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (158) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sh. Khismatulin ◽  
V. Tikhonyuk
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Insulation Resistance ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Track Circuits ◽  
Track Circuit ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Generator Output ◽  
Ballast Resistance

Based on the general principles of automatic control systems are considered options for the structureof tonal track circuit equipment with automatic correction tracking generator output voltage depending on the ballast resistance. For further development, a system of automatic control of the output voltage of thegenerator with the stabilization of its prescribed value. The prescribed value is set in accordance with the results of measurements of the insulation resistance (ballast).

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