scholarly journals Modelling and simulation of a catchment in order to evaluate water resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Sequential Machines ◽  
Perfect Model ◽  
Outlet Flow ◽  
Data Files ◽  
The Impact

It is difficult for decision-makers to evaluate the impact of their territorial policies. Aspects to be considered in this evaluation include those relating to humans, environment protection and industry development. Two reasons explain the difficulty: decision-makers cannot specialise in all domains implied in the process of decision and there is no simple tool allowing questions such as “what would happen if…” to be easily answered. Our work addresses this problem in the domain of water management at a catchment scale and consists in evaluating water balances. We have developed a software framework allowing simulation scenarios to be easily run and results about outlet flow and groundwater variation to be easily interpreted. In this paper, we study anthropogenic scenarios consisting in modifying the land cover at different scales: parcel, slopes or catchment. The simulation is supported by a methodology allowing catchment models to be built up using a hierarchical and modular approach based on components formalised by sequential machines. Few modelling parameters are necessary because our purpose is not to build up a “perfect” model to represent a catchment from a hydrological point of view but to illustrate the impact of climatic changes or anthropogenic activities on water balance. The simulation interface allows climatic data files to be selected to compare various scenarios. It allows the land-use to be easily modified to understand the impact of anthropogenic activities on water from a quantitative point of view. Modelling and results of simulation are illustrated on a catchment located in the area of Cévennes (South of France).

scholarly journals Increasing capacity to produce scenarios and models for biodiversity and ecosystem services

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel M.D. Rosa ◽  
Carolyn J. Lundquist ◽  
Simon Ferrier ◽  
Rob Alkemade ◽  
Paula F. Drummond de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
Training Schools ◽  
Forestry Products ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Extensive anthropogenic activities driven by the demand for agriculture and forestry products have led to dramatic reductions in biodiversity worldwide and significant changes in the provisioning of ecosystem services. These trends are expected to continue in the future as the world continues to develop without much consideration of the role that nature plays in sustaining human livelihoods. Scenarios and models can be important tools to help policy- and decision-makers foresee the impact of their decisions; thus, increasing capacity in creating such models and scenarios is of utmost importance. However, postgraduate training schools that focus on this topic are still rare. Here we present and reflect on the experience of the São Paulo School of Advanced Science on Scenarios and Modelling on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services to Support Human Well-Being (SPSAS Scenarios). In addition, we introduce the Special Issue of Biota Neotropica that resulted from the activities taking place during the SPSAS Scenarios. In total, nine case studies emerged from the activities carried out during SPSAS Scenarios. These focused on a variety of ecosystems, their current drivers of change and expected trends, as well as on the development of alternative positive scenarios applying the recently developed Nature Futures Framework. We emphasize the need to increase capacity in scenario and modelling skills in order to address some of the existing gaps in producing policy-relevant scenarios and models for biodiversity and ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Geomorphometric characterisation of natural and anthropogenic land covers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfang Cao ◽  
Giulia Sofia ◽  
Paolo Tarolli
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Natural Land ◽  
Land Covers ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe scientific community has widely discussed the role of abiotic and biotic forces in reshaping the Earth’s surface. Currently, the literature is debating whether humans are leaving a topographic signature on the landscape. Apart from the influence of humans on processes, does the resulting landscape bear an unmistakable signature of anthropogenic activities? This research analyses from a statistical point of view the morphological signature of anthropogenic and natural land covers in different topographic context, as a fundamental challenge in the emerging debate of human-environment relationships and the modelling of global environmental change. It aims to explore how intrinsically small-scale processes, related to land use, can influence the form of entire landscapes and to determine whether these processes create a distinctive topography. The work focusses on four study areas in floodplains, plain to hilly, hills and mountains, for which LiDAR-derived Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) are available. Surface morphology is described with different geomorphometric parameters (slope, mean curvature and surface peak curvature) and their frequency distribution. The results show that the distribution of geomorphometric indices can reveal anthropogenic land covers and landscapes. In most cases, different land covers show statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in their morphology. Finally, this study demonstrates the possibility to use a geomorphic analysis to quantify anthropogenic impact based on land covers in different landscape contexts. This provides useful insight into understanding the impact of human activities on the present morphology and offers a comprehensive understanding of coupling human-land interaction from a geomorphological point of view.

scholarly journals Studying the Reality of Institutional Excellence in Jordanian Government Sector: Opportunities and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Eng.Huda Saad Al Rashidi ◽  
Saoud R Al Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Institutional Excellence ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to assess the state of institutional excellence and the major opportunities and challenges facing it. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach and designed a questionnaire as a tool to study and distribute it to a sample of 30 decision makers from the directors and the heads of departments in three institutions of the Jordanian government sector. The main findings of the study   are the following:There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α0.05) in the impact of institutional excellence and its six dimensions (leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, measurement, analysis and knowledge management, focus on human resources and focus on internal processes) on improving institutional performance through the satisfaction of the recipients of services from citizens from the point of view of managers in Jordanian government institutions.The main recommendations of the study were: the necessity of commitment and focus on excellence in strategic planning, which contributes to the development of solutions and alternatives that weaken the institutional performance and reduce the level of satisfaction of service recipients from citizens, and seek to maximize the basis of benefit gained on the principle of increased fees and evaluation through the development of flexible financial plans.

scholarly journals Utilizando el análisis de ciclo de vida para el manejo sostenible de los residuos sólidos en Bogotá

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Integrated Solid Waste Management ◽  
The Impact

ONTARE. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍAEste artículo abarca dos estrategias diferentes para que una ciudad como Bogotá, logre el manejo sostenible integral de residuos sólidos. No es un estado fácil de lograr, debido a que requiere tener en consideración condiciones ambientales, sociales y económicas. El Análisis del Ciclo de Vida (ACV) funciona como una herramienta para guiar a las personas que toman decisiones hacia una solución sostenible. El ACV se utilizó para analizar el manejo de los residuos sólidos en Bogotá y se presentan dos escenarios específicos: la destrucción térmica del biogás del relleno sanitario y la introducción de un nuevo esquema de reciclaje basado en la separación desde la fuente. Los resultados del análisis realizado por Gómez (2004), muestran que aunque el potencial de calentamiento global se debe al impacto del biogás emitido, la toxicidad persistente es ocasionada en mayor grado, por la perspectiva de la sostenibilidad. Para el caso del esquema de reciclaje, los resultados muestran que los recuperadores o recicladores, necesitan participar activamente en el nuevo esquema, con el fin de reducir los posibles impactos y mejorar la aceptación social del proyecto.  ABSTRACT  This article looks upon two different strategies for a city like Bogotá to achieve Sustainable integrated solid waste management. This is not an easy state to achieve, since it requires taking into consideration environmental, social and economical conditions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) works as a tool for decision-makers to guide them to a sustainable solution. LCA was used to analyse solid waste management in Bogotá and two specific scenarios are presented, landfill gas flaring and the introduction of a new recycling scheme based on source separation. The results of the assessment done by Gomez (2004) show that although the Global Warming Potential is a very important impact from the emitted gas, Persistent Toxicity is the impact with the highest relevance and importance from the sustainability point of view. In the case of the recycling scheme, the results point out that scavengers need to participate in the new scheme in order to reduce the possible impacts and improve the acceptability of the project. 

scholarly journals Data Block and Tuple Identification Using Master Index

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1848
Author(s):  
Michal Kvet ◽  
Karol Matiasko
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Data Block ◽  
Physical Point ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Suitable Index ◽  
The Impact

Relational databases are still very often used as a data storage, even for the sensor oriented data. Each data tuple is logically stored in the table referenced by relationships between individual tables. From the physical point of view, data are stored in the data files delimited by the tablespaces. Files are block-oriented. When retrieving data, particular blocks must be identified and transferred into the memory for the evaluation and processing. This paper deals with storage principles and proposes own methods for effective data block location and identification if no suitable index for the query is present in the system. Thanks to that, the performance of the whole system is optimized, and the processing time and costs are significantly lowered. The proposed solution is based on the master index, which points just to the blocks with relevant data. Thus, no sequential block scanning is necessary for consuming many system resources. The paper analyzes the impact of block size, which can have a significant impact on sensor oriented data, as well.

E-Government and Its Impact on E-Commerce in LDCs

2009 ◽  
pp. 166-191
Author(s):  
Abdelbaset Rabaiah
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Government Operation ◽  
The Impact

This chapter illustrates the impact of electronic government (e-government) on electronic commerce (e-commerce) development and implementation in the Less Developed Countries (LDCs). It introduces e-government from a business point of view. We try to assess the capacity of e-government as an enabler to e-commerce. Furthermore, since e-government is about enhancing efficiency and transparency of government operation; we shall explore new perspectives on how and where e-commerce can avail from this shift in government operation paradigm. There are new opportunities for LDCs in particular to utilise new IT offerings to achieve growth, efficiency, and cost reduction. We will discuss some of these towards the end of the chapter. In the process, we will try to draw the connection between e-government and e-commerce in such a way that helps decision makers understand the potential of e-government for a better implementation of e-commerce.

GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKET AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS AS A TOOL FOR THEIR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 150-164
Author(s):  
Yu. A. PYL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
The Impact

The article reveals the concept of the global financial market from the point of view of domestic and foreign authors. The analysis of the largest segments in the structure of the global financial market is carried out and the main stages in its development are determined. The paper identifies trends in the development of the global financial market and examines the impact of economic factors on these trends. The rapid increase in the number of economic entities and the development of the economy as a whole pose an increasing number of complex tasks for decision-makers. Prompt and effective solution of these tasks often becomes a factor that determines the success of the entire business. Decision support systems (DSS) are becoming increasingly relevant, which can facilitate the work of decision makers and improve their effectiveness. The DSS allows its users to get the necessary information directly from sources, analyze the data obtained and identify existing business models for solving specific tasks.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ КОНКУРСІВ ТА ПРЕМІЙ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
O. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Literary Prizes ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>In this study, I have collected and summarized the functional aspects of a literary prize, contest, and rating, which indicate their affiliation with the marketing complex of the publishing house for the first time. For this purpose, I have analyzed and summarized the common concepts of the functioning of literary prizes and contests as advertising tools for publishing activity. Because the previous studies are only focused on the fact of the impact of the prize on the promotion of editions but do not explain it, these aspects have been considered and introduced by me from the book production’s point of view. I investigated that the prizes and the contests in the literary field are effective marketing tools, which meet many publisher’s needs at the same time and can be considered a non-profit form of capital. I have reviewed the works of other authors, who accept that the economic success of the book is rising if the author is a winner of the literary prize or contest. I have found out that the book prize activates the demand for the book, and the literary contest is a tool to track the reader’s reaction to a future publication. In this way, literary prizes and contests can be considered as a way of conducting a marketing dialogue with the target audience. I have focused on the information support of literary national and international prizes and contests by the media, which attracts attention to the book and forms the reader’s interest. The literary prizes and contests are also considered as a way of exploring trends and their changes, familiarization the popular genres among the target audience and fixation the current choice of modern readers. Literary prizes and contests motivate the authors to improve their literary excellence, are the source of new authors and works, and assist in increasing sales of books. However, further research is recommended.</em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book prize, book rating, literary contest, literary prize, functions of the literary prizes.</em>

On the Impact of Aptness, Conventionality and Familiarity on Metaphor Processing from a Meta-analytical Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-106
Author(s):  
Csilla Rákosi
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
Metaphor Processing ◽  
The Impact

Psycholinguistic research into metaphor processing is burdened with empirical problems as experiments provide diverging evidence on the impact of conventionality, familiarity and aptness, and with conceptual issues as the interpretation and operationalization of the three concepts mentioned, as well as the related predictions which can be drawn from theories of metaphor processing, are controversial in the literature. This paper uses tools of statistical meta-analysis in order to bring us closer to the solution of these problems and reveal future lines of research.

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