scholarly journals Comparative behaviour of agricultural biomass residues during termochemical processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Evolved Gases ◽  
Biomass Residues

A study of the pyrolysis and gasification of biomass residues such as oil palm shells and fibers, coffee shells, sugarcane bagasse and beech wood is presented. All of them are abundant agroindustrial biomass residues in Latin American countries. The characterization of the raw materials and products includes proximate analysis (water, ash and volatile matter contents) and ultimate analysis. Pyrolysis and gasification experiments are carried out in a thermobalance and in a pilot scale rotary kiln reactor. Both facilities are equipped with evolved gas analysis. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out using nitrogen as carrier gas by heating up to a temperature of 950 °C. Gasification is performed using water vapour as reaction agent in a concentration of 70 % H2O in nitrogen. The gasification temperature is set to 850 °C. All wastes show similar behavior during pyrolysis in the thermobalance with the main mass loss at temperatures below 550 °C. The solid fraction varied from 18 % for sugarcane bagasse to 27 % for oil palm shells and the gas fraction from 18 % for oil palm shells to 22 % for sugarcane bagasse. The main evolved gases are CO2 (9 – 12%), CO (3.5 – 7.5 %) and CH4 (1.6 – 3 %). H2 was also found but in a very small fraction (0.5 – 0.7 %) (all fractions are referred to the initial dry mass). The heating value of the pyrolysis products from the experiments in the thermobalance of the different wastes presented small variations with a mean value of 6.5 MJ kg-1 for the evolved gas, 20 MJ kg-1 for the tar and 19 MJ kg-1 for the solid residual. The presence of secondary reactions in the rotary kiln affects considerably the amount of gas and tar in the products. The higher heating value of the evolved gases varies between 17 and19 MJ kg-1. The obtained results allow a possible further technological use of these materials as a cheap renewable energy source in countries where these materials can be found.

scholarly journals Lignin: a valuable feedstock for biomass pellet

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
SMA Sujan ◽  
MA Kashem ◽  
ANM Fakhruddin
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Pellet Density ◽  
Biomass Pellet ◽  
Pelletization Pressure

Pelletization and briquettization have been extensively used for mass and energy densification of biomass. As the demand for pellets increases, the biorefinery waste lignin can be used with the conventional raw materials for pellet preparation. Sugarcane bagasse (20-40 mesh) is treated with NaOH (8% & 16%) for bioethanol production and obtained lignin is used to prepare pellet along and with sugarcane bagasse (SB). SB, Lignin1 (8% NaOH treated SB), Lignin2 (16% NaOH treated SB) and various composition of SB and Lignin1 were used to produce pelletswith different applied pressures (5kN, 10kN, 15kN and 20kN). Pellet density and heating value were gradually increase with the applied pelletization pressure. Among the samples Lignin1 showed highest heating value at 20kN (3581.54 kcal/kg). Results revealed that 5kN is enough to produce pellet from different composition of SB and Lignin1 and the pellet composition of SB (40%) and Lignin1(60%) showed the highest heating value (3456.21 kcal/kg). Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(1), 83-88, 2020

scholarly journals Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb ◽  
Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty ◽  
Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih ◽  
Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba ◽  
Azmatullah Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Biological Sludge

Man-made organic waste leads to the rapid proliferation of pollution around the globe. Effective bio-waste management can help to reduce the adverse effects of organic waste while contributing to the circular economy at the same time. The toxic oily-biological sludge generated from oil refineries’ wastewater treatment plants is a potential source for biogas energy recovery via anaerobic digestion. However, the oily-biological sludge’s carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio is lower than the ideal 20–30 ratio required by anaerobic digestion technology for biogas production. Sugarcane bagasse can be digested as a high C/N co-substrate while the oily-biological sludge acts as a substrate and inoculum to improve biogas production. In this study, the best C/N with co-substrate volatile solids (VS)/inoculum VS ratios for the co-digestion process of mixtures were determined empirically through batch experiments at temperatures of 35–37 °C, pH (6–8) and 60 rpm mixing. The raw materials were pre-treated mechanically and thermo-chemically to further enhance the digestibility. The best condition for the sugarcane bagasse delignification process was 1% (w/v) sodium hydroxide, 1:10 solid-liquid ratio, at 100 °C, and 150 rpm for 1 h. The results from a 33-day batch anaerobic digestion experiment indicate that the production of biogas and methane yield were concurrent with the increasing C/N and co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios. The total biogas yields from C/N 20.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.06 and C/N 30.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.18 ratios were 2777.0 and 9268.0 mL, respectively, including a methane yield of 980.0 and 3009.3 mL, respectively. The biogas and methane yield from C/N 30.0 were higher than the biogas and methane yields from C/N 20.0 by 70.04 and 67.44%, respectively. The highest biogas and methane yields corresponded with the highest C/N with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios (30.0 and 0.18), being 200.6 mL/g VSremoved and 65.1 mL CH4/g VSremoved, respectively.

Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes as Raw Material in the Replacement of Fluxes for Applications on Porcelain Tile

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo J.S. Paranhos ◽  
Wilson Acchar ◽  
Vamberto Monteiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Porcelain Tile

This study evaluated the potential use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes (SBA) as a flux, replacing phyllite for the production of enamelled porcelain tile. The raw materials of the standard mass components and the SBA residue were characterized by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and TGA. Test samples were fabricated, assembled in lots of 3 units and sintered at temperatures of 1150 ° C to 1210 ° C. The results of the physical properties, mechanical properties and SEM of the sintered samples, showed that the formulation, G4 - in which applied 10% of SBA replacing phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C showed better performance as the previously mentioned properties due to the formation of mullite crystals, meeting the prerequisites of standards for enamelled porcelain tile, while reducing the environmental impact and the cost of production.

Chinese Breakthrough into Latin America

2012 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
E. Dabagyan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
American Continent ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Multilateral Agreements

The article deals with a number of problems associated with the growing presence of China in the Latin American continent. The author emphasizes that mutual interest is based on economic factors. In particular, the rapidly developing Chinese economy needs more raw materials and agricultural products, which are available in abundance in Latin America. At the same time, the countries of the continent are interested in freeing from orientation solely to the United States and in a diversification of external relations. The present bilateral and multilateral agreements and treaties between China and Latin America showed a strengthening of trade and economic cooperation. But Beijing's strategy is based on a model of exchange of raw materials to finished products. This causes some resentment on the part of Latin American experts and entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as an alternative raw material for red ceramic

Cerâmica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (351) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. P. Faria ◽  
J. N. F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

The sugarcane industry generates huge amounts of sugarcane bagasse ashes (SCBA). This work investigates the incorporation of a SCBA waste as an alternative raw material into a clay body, replacing natural clay material by up to 20 wt.%. Clay ceramic pieces were produced by uniaxial pressing and fired at temperatures varying from 700 to 1100 ºC. The technological properties of the clay ceramic pieces (linear shrinkage, apparent density, water absorption, and tensile strength) as function of the firing temperature and waste addition are investigated. The phase evolution during firing was followed by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the SCBA waste could be incorporated into red ceramics (bricks and roofing tiles) in partial replacement for natural clay material. These results confirm the feasibility of valorisation of SCBA waste to produce red ceramic. This use of SCBA can also contribute greatly to reducing the environmental problems of the sugarcane industry, and also save the sources of natural raw materials used in the ceramic industry.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Produksi Kalapa Sawit Rakyat Menurut Tipologi Lahan di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heriyanto Heriyanto ◽  
Asrol Asrol ◽  
Detri Karya ◽  
Verry Yarda Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Coastal Land

Heriyanto et al, 2018. Analysis of the Production Factors of the People's Palm Oil According to the Land Typology in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. JLSO 7(1): Palm oil commodities are one of the plantation sub-sector commodities that increase the income of farmers and the community, provide processing industry raw materials that create added value. The land cultivated by independent oil palm farmers consists of land land, tidal peatlands, coastal peatlands and coastal land. The difference in typology of this land will contribute to different production. The research aimed to analyze the oil palm production and the dominant factor affecting oil palm production according to the typology of land in Indragiri Hilir Riau Province. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and built multiple regression models with the dummy variable method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of the study showed that the production of oil palm cultivation on land is the highest compared to the typology of tidal peatland, coastal peat and coastal land. The dominant factors affecting palm oil production in Indragiri Hilir Regency were the amount of fertilizer use, labor, age of plants, herbicides and dummy typology of land. In order to obtain optimal production, this study recommended doing oil palm farming in accordance with the correct cultivation techniques in accordance with the characteristics of land typology. Besides that the use of balanced fertilizer (elements of N, P, and K) in accordance with the recommended needed to be applied.

scholarly journals Political Economy of Renewable Energy and Regional Development: Understanding Social and Economic Problems of Biodiesel Development in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Nuva Nuva ◽  
Akhmad Fauzi ◽  
Arya Hadi Dharmawan ◽  
Eka Intan Kumala Putri
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Competitive Prices

The transition of fossil fuel to non-fossil fuels (biodiesel fuel for diesel blending) has continued to evolve. The largest source of biodiesel’ raw materials in Indonesia derives from oil palm. Biodiesel development is also believed to generate benefit for society as well as for regional and national, including job creation, infrastructure improvement, revenue generation for governments and reduce national dependence on fossil fuels, and minimize adverse environmental fossil fuel impacts. However, despite its targets and strengthened by various comprehensive policies, the development of biodiesel in Indonesia also faces significant barriers. Descriptive analysis used in this study to understand the political economy of biodiesel engagement. The limited domestic market, mainly related to the issue of non-competitive prices with diesel, relatively low of oil prices, and high prices of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are the constraints in the production of biodiesel for domestic uptake. The national political aspect related to the use of biodiesel by government parties, including non-PSOs, becomes an important issue in ensuring the sustainability of biodiesel. In addition, the issue of sustainability in the upstream (oil palm plantation) and dumping issues expressed by the EU and the US Government are also the main problems in Indonesian biodiesel export.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Pelepah Sawit dan Kotoran Ayam Ras untuk Pembuatan Pupuk Bokashi pada Kelompok Wanita Tani Padang Baru Babatan, Seluma, Bengkulu

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Nurlianti Nurlianti ◽  
Prihanani Prihanani
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Lecture Demonstration ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Chicken Waste ◽  
Palm Fronds

The Utilization of Oil Palm Midrib-leaf and Chicken Manure for Making Bokashi Fertilizer in the Women's Farmers Group Padang Baru Babatan, Seluma, Bengkulu The purpose of the community service program is to utilize agricultural waste, namely oil palm midrib-leaf and chicken manure which are often found in this Babatan Village, Sukaraja Subdistrict, Seluma Regency, Bengkulu. In addition, this program was aimed to increase knowledge and skill to produce bokashi fertilizer with raw materials found around them. The methods used were lecture, demonstration plots, and mentoring. The results of the activity were the increasing of family income by making bokashi utilizing waste raw materials around their lives, namely bokashi made from palm fronds and broiler chicken waste that is ready to be sold. In limited quantities, they have been able to sell their products to meet the needs of other farmer groups or the general public in need.

scholarly journals Potencial económico de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Juan Sierra Márquez ◽  
Lucellys Sierra Márquez ◽  
Jesus Olivero-Verbel
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Positive Balance

The objective of this research was to highlight the economic importance of the optimal use of products and byproducts of oil palm. In Colombia, productive crops per hectare can generate, over one year, an average of 3.14 tons of oil, and up to 21.68 t of solid and liquid waste when the plant is on a productive stage. These data allowed the researcher to estimate that more than nine million of t of solid and liquid waste was produced from the 450 131 ha present in 2014, in Colombia; the produced biomass was used to generate energy and steam, releasing carbon dioxide back again into the environment. These residues have great potential in many industries, some to be developed, therefore, it is of special importance to try to maximize the use of waste produced by oil palm production, to generate economic and environmental benefits. An example of this is the palm kernel cake, with a nutritional potential in animal feed, fiber in the biocompound industry, biomass and stipe in the timber industry, glycerol, biodiesel, and liquid effluents in the chemical and biotechnological industry. The use of these raw materials may help to establish a positive balance in the cultivation of this species of oil palm in the country. 

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