scholarly journals RUS’-POLISH RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF DANYLO AND VASYLKO ROMANOVICHES’ STRUGGLE FOR THE FATHER’S HERITAGE (1205–1245)

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Taras CHUGUJ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Times ◽  
Second Period

Background: the issue of the study of Rus’-Polish relations in the context of the struggle of Danylo and Vasylko Romanoviches for the paternal heritage is important at the present stage of the development of the historical research. Interstate relations between Rus’ and Poland in the first half of the 13th century need extensive analysis for finding out their peculiarities. Purpose: to objectively cover the peculiarities of the international relations of Rus’ and Poland during the Romanoviches’ struggle for the paternal inheritance in 1205–1245. For this it is necessary to consider topical issues of the Rus’-Polish relations, to analyze the discussion aspects of the policy of the Polish princes concerning the Volyn and Galicia lands, to determine the peculiarities of the interstate relations of Rus’, Poland, Hungary and the Golden Horde. Results: Rus’-Polish relations of the times of Danylo and Vasylko Romanoviches’ struggle for paternal heritage were complicated. Chronologically there are several periods: the first – 1205–1227, the second – 1227–1235, and the third – 1235–1245. If during the first period the political dependence of the young Danylo and Vasylko on the experienced Leshko Bilyi was observed, then after the death of prince of Little Poland, during the second period, the Romanoviches became allies of Conrad I. When the prince of Mazovia decided to support Mikhailo Vsevolodovich in the fight for Galych the third period began. The alternation of peaceful, hostile and allied relations between the rulers of Rus’ and Poland is common to all the three periods. The difference is that there was a change in the political priorities of the Polish princes depending on the changes in the position of Danylo and Vasylko. The victory of the Romanoviches in the Yaroslav battle in 1245 was a logical finish of the forty-years struggle of Roman Mstislavoviches’ sons for their father’s inheritance. Key words: Rus’-Polish relations, Volyn land, Galych land, Danylo Romanovich, Vasylko Romanovich, Leshko Bilyi, Konrad I Mazowiecki.

scholarly journals Impact of technology on Translation and Translation Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-361
Author(s):  
Yves Gambier
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
Multimodal Communications

The landscape in translation and interpreting is changing deeply and rapidly. For a long time, but not necessarily everywhere, translation was denied as a need (except for the political and religious powers), as effort (translation being defined as a kind of mechanical work, as substitution of words), and as a profession (translators embodying a subaltern position). Technology is bringing in certain changes in attitudes and perceptions with regards international, multilingual and multimodal communications. This article tries to define the changes and their consequences in the labelling and characterisation of the different practices. It is organised in five sections: first, we recall that translation and interpreting are only one option in international relations; then, we explain the different denials of translation in the past (or the refusal to recognize the different values of translation). In the third section, we consider how and to what extent technology is transforming today practices and markets. The ongoing changes do not boil solely to developments in Machine Translation (which started in the 1960s): community, crowdsourced/collaborative translation and volunteer translation encompass different practices. In many cases, users provide their own translations, with or without formal qualifications in translation. The evolution is not only technical but also economic and social. In addition, the fragmentation and the diversity of practices do have an impact on a multi-faceted market. In the fourth section, we emphasize that there are nowadays different concepts of translation and competitive paradigms in Translation Studies. Finally, we tackle the organisational challenge of the field, since the institutionalisation of translation and Translation Studies cannot remain the same as when there was a formal consensus on the concept of translation.

International relations in Spanish physics from 1900 to the Cold War

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joséé M. Sáánchez-Ron
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cold War

This paper studies the tactics developed in Spain to improve the country's scientific capacity over most of the 20th century. Early in the 20th century, Spain sought to raise its low scientific standing by establishing relations with foreign scientists. The tactics changed according to the political situation. The first part of the paper covers the period from 1900 to the Civil War (1936-39); the second examines consequences of the conflict for physical scientists in Spain; and the third analyzes the growth of physical sciences in Franco's Spain following the Civil War, a period in which the United States exerted special influence.

scholarly journals Migration Statecraft: Managing Migration Flows at a Bilateral Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
C. Pagani
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Migration Flows

This article assesses the theoretical contours and effectiveness of migration governance and diplomacy as an instrument of statecraft in interstate relations. The first part provides an overview of the stakes and challenges of migration within the fields of international relations and political theory. In particular, the category of migration defies the theoretical model of the nation­state, on which traditional IR and political theory are grounded. The second part highlights how the state, through the securitization of migration, uses migration as a tool to reaffirm its defining features: reinforcing its borders, legitimating state sovereignty, and building societal security. The third section demonstrates the usefulness of the category of statecraft within the context of migration governance at a bilateral level owing to the absence of a global normative framework. This relationship can serve different purposes, depending on the context: to harm, to deter, to bargain, to escalate. The last section presents contemporary case studies of the application of migration statecraft by the United States and Russia, as well as by member states along external border of the European Union and within the Schengen space. The elements of "migration statecraft" evidenced by these episodes focus on several objectives: trade blackmail, cooperation in an asymmetrical relation, political threat, and diplomatic escalation for electoral purposes. The variety of these cases illustrates the specificity of statecraft in comparison with foreign policy analysis. While the latter refers to a general and long­term strategy, the former is context­dependent and specific to achievement of a precise desired outcome.

National, supranational, international: New Belgrade and the symbolic construction of a socialist capital

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kulić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Communist Government

The construction of New Belgrade as the new capital of socialist Yugoslavia was the most symbolic modernizing act initiated by the country's communist government. Yet, its precise meanings were suspended between the complicated and permanently transitory concepts of socialist Yugoslavia's federalism and its international aspirations. Focusing on three characteristic “snapshots” of the city's physical development, this paper analyzes how New Belgrade and its most important buildings represented the shifting concepts of socialist Yugoslavia as a multiethnic community and its even more changeable place in the world. The first snapshot deals with the years immediately following World War II, during which New Belgrade was conceived as the seat of a centralized Stalinist state in close alliance with the USSR. The second deals with the effects of Yugoslavia's break from the Soviet bloc in 1948, especially its rapprochement with the West and the start of the decentralization of the federal state. Finally, the third explores the late socialist period: the dwindling of New Belgrade's role as the political heart of the federation, and at the same time its emergence as a locus of Yugoslavia's ambition to play a leading role in international relations, especially through its activity in the Non-Aligned Movement.

ABOUT THE CREATIVE ROLE OF N. NAZARBAYEV IN CREATING AN EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE SYSTEM IN INDEPENDENT KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Tuleutai Suleimenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Political ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Governance System ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Creative Role

Kazakhstan at the present stage has the status of a large regional state in the Eurasian space, plays an active role in the system of international relations, occupying a worthy place on the political map of the world. The strategy of independence of N. A. Nazarbayev formed the basis for the vision of modernizing modern Kazakhstani society and strengthening the independence of our country in the new world. The values ​​of our independence: multinationality of a single people, common national interests, education and science, demarcation of state borders, peaceful foreign policy.

Introduction: ‘The UFOs Are Coming!’

2016 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Jon Towlson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
New Age ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Third ◽  
Close Encounters ◽  
Alien Abduction

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Steven Spielberg's Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977). Close Encounters is a UFO movie that arose from a resurgence of ufology in the 1970s, which coincided with the growth of New Age movements, mysticism, alien-abduction cults, and an increasing belief in conspiracy theories. The film speaks to Utopianism, the belief within international relations theory that war can be eliminated either by perfecting man or by perfecting government. Utopianism is, of course, a key concept in science fiction. The chapter then looks at Jack Kroll's review of Close Encounters, which demonstrates how so many of the political criticisms surrounding the film stem from the time of its initial reception, and how its cultural denotation as ‘transcendent’ science fiction was immediately recognised and accepted by some — but not all — critics. The chapter also details the synopsis of the film.

scholarly journals Acacia saligna as a supplementary feed for grazing desert sheep and goats

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. DEGEN ◽  
R. W. BENJAMIN ◽  
T. MISHORR ◽  
M. KAM ◽  
K. BECKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Acacia Saligna ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Body Mass Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Second Period

Acacia saligna, a leguminous tree, has a high crude protein content, remains green all year and can be grown in deserts using only runoff water. However, dry matter intake (DMI) by sheep and goats of A. saligna is low, presumably due to its high tannin content. It has been suggested that DMI could be increased by such methods as wilting of the forage and by neutralizing the negative effects of tannins by tannin-complexing agents. The purpose of this study was to determine DMI of supplementary A. saligna (phyllodes and small stems) by grazing sheep (∼ 50 kg) and goats (∼ 37 kg) when the animals were (1) offered wilted or fresh material (Expt 1); and (2) administered with polyethylene glycol (PEG), a tannin-binding agent (Expt 2). In this second experiment, there were three 14-day periods in which one group each of sheep and goats was on a regime of: No PEG–PEG–No PEG, whereas another group was on a regime of: No PEG–No PEG–PEG. In Expt 1, the DMI of A. saligna was statistically higher in goats than in sheep, but there was no difference in intake between fresh and wilted material. Average DMI of A. saligna, both fresh and wilted, was 124·1 g/day or 8·41 g/kg0·75 per day for goats and 94·1 g/day or 5·05 g/kg0·75 per day for sheep. Goats and sheep consuming fresh A. saligna gained more body mass than their respective controls; the difference was significantly greater in goats but not in sheep. In Expt 2, DMI of fresh A. saligna in the first period (before PEG) was 104·1 g/day or 7·16 g/kg0·75 per day for goats and 84·8 g/day or 4·51 g/kg0·75 per day for sheep. Administration of PEG during the second period resulted in an increase in DMI of 62% in goats and 83% in sheep. These animals maintained a high A. saligna intake in the third period when PEG was withdrawn. Goats and sheep that did not receive PEG in the second period had similar A. saligna intake as in the first period, but increased intake by 62% and 47%, respectively, with PEG in the third period. Overall, the two goat groups and two sheep groups consuming A. saligna lost less body mass than their respective controls; the difference was significantly less in sheep but not in goats. It was concluded that wilting A. saligna did not increase DMI. Administration of PEG increased A. saligna intake and the intake remained high after PEG was withdrawn. Offering A. saligna as a supplement had a positive effect on body mass change.

scholarly journals States of ambivalence: Recovering the concept of ‘the Stranger’ in International Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Felix Berenskötter ◽  
Nicola Nymalm
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Rising Powers ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Stranger

AbstractThis article revisits and revives the concept of ‘the Stranger’ in theorising international relations by discussing how this figure appears and what role it plays in the politics of (collective) identity. It shows that this concept is central to poststructuralist logic discussing the political production of discourses of danger and to scholarship on ontological security but remains subdued in their analytical narratives. Making the concept of the Stranger explicit is important, we argue, because it directs attention to ambivalence as a source of anxiety and grasps the unsettling experiences that political strategies of conquest or conversion, including practices of securitisation, respond to. Against this backdrop, the article provides a nuanced reading of the Stanger as a form of otherness that captures ambiguity as a threat to modern conceptions of identity, and outlines three scenarios of how it may be encountered in interstate relations: the phenomenon of ‘rising powers’ from the perspective of the hegemon, the dissolution of enmity (overcoming an antagonistic relationship), and the dissolution of friendship (close allies drifting apart). Aware that recovering the concept is not simply an academic exercise but may feed into how the term is used in political discourse and how practitioners deal with ‘strange encounters’, we conclude by pointing to alternative readings of the Stranger/strangeness and the value of doing so.

scholarly journals Asal Usul dan Perkembangan Bani Uwaih

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Azhar Saleh
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Period

This article explains about BUwaihid Dynasty. First, it will explain about the root of the dynasty wich came from Dailam ethnic of Syirdil Awandan tribe lived in Jilan mountains, Iran. The founding of this dynasty were 3 brother, Ali, HAsan, and Ahmad (the second of Buwaih). Second, it will focus on the political achievements of the Buwaihid Dynasty wich are divided into jthree periods. Thhe first period(945-1012) was the time of power consolidation.  THe second period (977-1012) was the time of ruling wich was started with Adhud al-Daulah's success in conquering Baghdad and continued with the ruling of his descendents. The third period (1012-1055) was the time of ruling wich was started with Adhud al-Daulah's success in conquering Baghdad and continued with the ruling of his descendents. The third period (1012-1055) was the time of the declining of the ruling started in 1012 until 1055 with al-Malik al-rahim as the last ruler. During Buwaihid Dynasty there was a changing of the ruler from chaliph palace (Dar al-Khilafah) to the kingdom palace (Dr al-Mamlakah) wich was built by the Buwaih dynasty in Baghdad.

scholarly journals ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL REGULATION OF TRANSLATION AND MOVEMENT OF EMPLOYEES ON THE TERRITORY OF MODERN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4(106)) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Г. Ю. Фоміна
Keyword(s):  
Labor Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current State ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Times ◽  
Second Period

The article is devoted to the formation of actual scientific thought concerning the process of origin and development of legal regulation of the transfer and relocation of workers in the historical territories of modern Ukraine. The author analyzes the approaches available in the scientific literature to the periodization of the origin and development of various labor-legal phenomena, and also determines a number of regularities in the formation of the author's classifications of the periods of development of the corresponding phenomena. In the process of clarifying the current state of scientific thought regarding the origin and development of the legal regulation of the transfer and relocation of employees in Ukraine, problematic issues of the existing historical and legal thought regarding the legal regulation of these personnel procedures are identified, proposals are formulated to solve such problems. The article substantiates the position according to which it is advisable to determine the formation and development of legal regulation of the transfer and relocation of employees within the framework of three historical periods. The first period was the factory period of legal regulation of the transfer of workers (1835-1918). The second period is the Soviet period of legal regulation of the transfer and relocation of employees, which is divided into three stages: the first (1918-1922) and the second (1922-1970) stages of legal regulation of the transfer of employees by the norms of Soviet labor law; the third stage of legal regulation of the transfer and relocation of employees by the norms of Soviet labor law (1971-1991). The third period is the period of legal regulation of the transfer and relocation of workers during the times of independent Ukraine (since 1991). The conclusions to the article summarize the results of the study.

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