scholarly journals Reproductive features of the biology of some ticks of the family Ixodidae Murray, 1877 widespread in the southeast of the North Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
A. M. Atayev ◽  
M. M. Zubairova ◽  
N. T. Karsakov
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fourth Series ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The purpose of the research is study of some reproductive characteristics of the biology of ticks of the family Ixodidae which are widespread in the southeast of the North Caucasus.Materials and methods. In 2000–2010, 9 series of experiments were carried out in the conditions of the plain belt in Dagestan. The first, second, and third series of experiments were intended to find out the duration of the tick searching for a place to fix on the animal, the duration of the skin incised and the proboscis inserted into the wound, and the engorgement duration; and the fourth series was intended to clarify the tick wintering on the animal. Such experiments were performed on two-year-old calf bulls on the Educational and Experimental Farm of the Dagestan State Agrarian University with Boophilus annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Hyalomma detritum, H. scupense, and H. anatolicum in 2000. Five hungry adult female ticks were placed onto all 5 calf bulls in the middle third of the neck. We conducted experiments on searching for a place for egg-laying, egg-laying duration in the environment, number of eggs in a clutch, duration of the larva formed and the hatching rate, distance of the larvae from the hatching place, and larvae death rate in five specially equipped sites of pastures of 1 m2 . Five adult female ticks of B. annulatus, R. bursa, H. detritum, H. scupense, and H. anatolicum were placed after engorgement in each biological site.Results and discussion. Ixodid ticks perform their natural physiological functions associated with feeding and reproduction with significant time fluctuations. The search for a place to fix on the animal took 4–8 hours; the skin incised and proboscis inserted in the wound took 2–5 hours; the engorgement took 4–6 hours; the search for an egg-laying place took 10– 22 hours; the egg-laying duration in the environment was 18–23 hours; the number of eggs in a clutch was 4–13K; the duration of the larva formed and the hatching rate was 10–15 days and 58.0–75% respectively; the distance of the larva from the hatching place was 0.5–1.5 m; death rate of the larva in captivity was 100%; and the tick wintering on the animal was near the neck, ears, in the dewlap, the flank and the udder. These features are typical for the analyzed tick species in the southeast of the North Caucasus and, probably, for other taxa of these genera.

scholarly journals FAUNA OF IXODES TICKS OF THE GENERA DERMACENTOR, IXODES, HYALOMMA IN THE FOOTHILLS AND MOUNTAIN PASTURES OF THE MAIN CAUCASUS MOUNTAIN RANGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Bittirova ◽  
Musaev ◽  
Bittirov ◽  
Begieva ◽  
Bittirov
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Haemaphysalis Punctata

New data were obtained when studying the fauna of Ixodes ticks of the genera Dermacentor, Ixodes, Hyalomma in the foothill and mountain pastures of the Main Caucasus Mountain Range. Materials and methods. The current state of the biodiversity of the fauna of ectoparasites of the family Ixodidae in mammals of the North Caucasus was studied in 2015–2018 on the pastures of the Main Caucasus Range. 2500 ticks were studied for infection with blood parasites. Determination of the species composition of ticks – ixodide carried out by the entomological Atlas. In the foothill pastures of Kabardino-Balkaria, there is a fauna of ixodid ticks, which consists of 28 species. In the mountain pastures of the North Caucasus region, 25 species of ectoparasites of the Ixodidae family were identified: 22 species in the Sukan tract, 25 in the Haymash tract, 20 species in the Big Kurats tract. The fauna of ectoparasites of the family Ixodidae in the tract "Haymash" was supplemented with R. sanguineus, H. numidiana, H. anatolicum, I. apronophorus, D. montanus, R. turanicus, H. pospelovashtromae, H. erinacei, H. asiaticums, H. ernacei, H. asiaticums, H. ernacei, H. aspenlovashtromae, H. erinacei, H. asiaticums, H. aspelovashtromae, H. erinacei, H. asiaticums, H. aspelovashtromae, H. erinacei, H. asiaticums, have been added to the fauna of the family Ixodide complexes. The main hosts of their preimaginal phases in the Haymash tract are rodents and hares, and adults are ruminants. The biodiversity of ixodid ticks (Ixodidae) is represented by Ixodes crenulatus species; H. concinna; I. redikorzevi; I. stromi; Anomalohimalaja cricetuli; D. ushakovae; H. caucasica; H. numidiana; H. erinacei; Hyalomma anatolicum; I. apronophorus; Haemaphysalis punctata; H. pospelovaschtromae; H. asiaticum; H. marginatum; H. scupense; I. pavlovskyi; I. persulcatus; Dermacentor montanus; D. marginatus; Rhipicephalus turanicus; R. pumilio; R. sanguineus.

scholarly journals New records of megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from the North Caucasus and the south of European Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-331
Author(s):  
A.V. Fateryga ◽  
◽  
M.Yu. Proshchalykin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
European Part ◽  
European Russia ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
South Of European Russia

New data on 22 species of bees of the family Megachilidae from the North Caucasus and the south of European Russia are reported. Six species are new to Russia: Hoplitis curvipes (Morawitz, 1871), Osmia cinerea Warncke, 1988, O. ligurica Morawitz, 1868, O. cyanoxantha Pérez, 1879, Protosmia glutinosa (Giraud, 1871), and Coelioxys mielbergi Morawitz, 1880. Hoplitis turcestanica (Dalla Torre, 1896), sp. resurr. is treated as a distinct species, not a junior synonym of H. caularis (Morawitz, 1875). Megachile albocristata Smith, 1853 and M. alborufa Friese, 1911 are listed instead of previously recorded M. lefebvrei (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1841) and M. pyrenaica (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1841), respectively. Fourteen new regional records are reported: seven species are new to the North Caucasus, five ones are new to the south of European Russia, and two species are new to the European part of Russia as a whole. The numbers of megachilid bee species currently known in Russia, the North Caucasus, and the south of European Russia are 217, 130, and 71, respectively. The lectotype of Osmia proxima Morawitz, 1875 is designated.

scholarly journals Features of the chromosome set of representatives of smoothnosed bats of the North Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
R. I. Dzuyev ◽  
M. A. Khashkulova ◽  
V. N. Kanukova ◽  
E. A. Baragunova ◽  
R. K. Sabanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Role ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Pipistrellus Pipistrellus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Robertsonian Rearrangements ◽  
Karyological Data ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Eptesicus Serotinus

Aim. The aim of this work was to study the chromosome set of some representatives of smooth-nosed bats of the North Caucasus.Material and Methods. Various research methods were used to achieve this goal, including that of dried preparations (the main method for obtaining chromosomal preparations) and that of constructing karyograms.Results. A comparative analysis of the karyological data of 11 species of smooth-nosed bats of the North Caucasus was undertaken and the karyological characteristics of the species accepted in the latest reports on the fauna of Russia and the Caucasus were clarified. The similarity of G -bands in large pairs of meta- and submetacentric chromosomes in Myotis blythi, Myotis mystacinus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus kuhli and Vepertilio murinus with bands in small and medium-sized acrocentric chromosomes such as in Eptesicus seotinus may indicate the evolution of the karyotype of the first species by Robertsonian translocation, i.e. compounds of acrocentric chromosomes of Eptesicus serotinus in various combinations. When comparing karyotypes in the family Vespertilionidae, it was found that the karyotype of Eptesicus serotinus is "archaic" (2n=50, NFa=48). With the help of karyological data, the authors composed schemes of phylogenetic relationships of genera in the family Vespertilionidae, which differ to a certain extent from the schemes compiled by taxonomists for representatives of this family.Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that the karyotype of Eptesicus serotinus is the most primitive among the representatives of the order of bats. The primary role in the evolution of this group was played by Robertsonian rearrangements and pericentric inversions (reduction of NFa and 2n from 50 to 38).

scholarly journals CRIME AND PUNISHMENT IN THE TRADITIONAL CAUCASUS: BLOOD REVENGE AND EVERYDAY ROUTINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.А. ТЕКУЕВА ◽  
Е.А. НАЛЬЧИКОВА ◽  
М.Х. ГУГОВА ◽  
М.И. БАРАЗБИЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Social Institution ◽  
State Archive ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Central State ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of

Предметом рассмотрения в статье является институт кровной мести с точки зрения микроистории. Актуальность темы диктуется живучестью идеологических реликтов традиционного сознания. Изучение причин и частных обстоятельств возмездия у народов Северного Кавказа за оскорбление и убийство позволяет выявить тенденции развития/упадка общественного института. Материалами, привлеченными для анализа, выбраны неопубликованные архивные дела из Центрального государственного архива КБР за 1820-1919 гг. В контексте повседневного существования социума громче звучат вопросы о том, как сдержать волну мести, как сохранить семью, род от ответственности за действия одного, как уберечь своих потомков от перспективы взять на себя бремя убивать. Историко-антропологический подход к изучению приведенных документальных фактов дает возможность «оживить» историю частными деталями и переживаниями действующих лиц. Документы отражают эмоциональные связи членов семьи и попытки выхода из заданных традицией требований отомстить через поправки к ней, сдерживающие агрессию. Установлено, что изменения в реализации обычаев кровной мести у кабардинцев и балкарцев за период, взятый для изучения и отраженный в приведенных источниках, можно охарактеризовать как деградацию традиции. Акцентирование внимания на повседневном фоне описываемых событий высвечивает отдельные детали, наполняет изучаемые юридические казусы эмоциональными побуждениями и драматическими последствиями поступков конкретных людей, выявляет соответствие их действий принятым нормам или сопротивление закону. The paper focuses on blood revenge and considers this institution in terms of microhistory. Persistence of traditional perception and its relics stipulate the relevance of the research. The study of roots and specific circumstances that bring about vindictive punishment for insult or murder in the North Caucasus sheds light on evolution and decline of this social institution. For the analysis, we processed previously unpublished sources of the Central State Archive of KBR dated 1820-1919. In the context of everyday existence of a community, more urgence is ascribed to the questions how to curb the wave of revenge, how to save the family, the clan from responsibility for the actions of one of its members, how to protect their descendants from taking on the burden to kill. The historical and anthropological approach to the study of these documentary facts makes it possible to "enliven" the history of private details and experiences of those involved. The documents reflect the emotional ties of family members and attempts to get out of the traditional demands for revenge through amendments to it that deter aggression. It is established that changes in the implementation of blood feud customs among Kabardians and Balkars during the reviewed period and reflected in the above sources can be characterized as a decline of the tradition. Focusing on the everyday background of the events described highlights individual details, fills the studied legal cases with emotional motivations and dramatic consequences of the actions of specific people, reveals compliance of their actions with accepted norms or non-compliance with the laws.

scholarly journals REFLECTION ON THE SOCIAL STATUS OF THE ADYGHE WOMAN IN THE RESEARCHES OF THE EUROPEAN AUTHORS OF THE XVII - XIX  ENTURY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.Х. Кумахова
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Women's Status ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Women’S Status ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

В данной статье анализируются исследования европейских путе- шественников, побывавших на Северном Кавказе в XVII–XIX в., затрагивающие статус женщины в традиционном черкесском обществе. Выявленные источники классифицируются по сюжетам, описывающим формирование статуса женщи- ны с младенчества до достижения положения матери семейства. В настоящей статье предпринята попытка комплексно изучить вышеупомянутые источники, выявив стороны жизни адыгской женщины, привлекавшие внимание иностранных исследователей. This article analyzes the research of European travelers who visited the North Caucasus in the 17th - 19th centuries. affecting the status of women in traditional Circassian society. The sources identifi ed are classifi ed by stories describin This article analyses the researches of European travellers who visited the North Caucasus in the period from 17th to 19th centuries, that covered the issue of the status of women in traditional Circassian society. The identifi ed sources are classifi ed according to the plot describing the development of women’s status from infancy to getting the position of the mother of the family. In this article, an attempt has been made to study comprehensively the abovementioned sources, identifying the Adyghe woman’s aspects of life, which attracted the attention of foreign researchers g the formation of the status of women from infancy to the position of the mother of the family. In this article, an attempt was made to comprehensively study the above sources, identifying the sides of the life of the Adyg woman, which attracted the attention of foreign researchers.

scholarly journals E.G. PCHELINA ABOUT OSSETIC RITUALS AND CUSTOMS OF CHILDBIRTH

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
Е.Б. БЕСОЛОВА
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
Moral Attitudes ◽  
Traditional Norms ◽  
Fundamental Values

В статье анализируется уникальный этнографический материал по родильной обрядности осетин, собранный на юге и севере Осетии и опубликованный Е.Г. Пчели­ной в статье «Родильные обычаи у осетин». Статья имеет большое познавательное и научное значение, потому что вопросы социализации рассматриваются в ней сквозь призму этнографии, археологии, языкознания и фольклористики, и данный подход все­сторонне высвечивает фундаментальные ценности духовной культуры осетин. Изы­скания передают традиционные нормы, социокультурный опыт, нравственные уста­новки, моральные принципы, психический склад и др., одним словом, этнокультурное наследие осетин первой половины прошлого века. Пчелина зафиксировала составля­ющие осетинской культуры, как локальные, так и универсальные, обусловливавшие проблемы, лежавшие в процессе социализации. В публикации проводится мысль, что семейно-бытовые обряды и обычаи, так же, как и родильная обрядность, складыва­лись согласно конкретным экономическим условиям и представляли собой комплекс ра­циональных и религиозно-магических способов, в которых закрепилась патриархаль­ность осетинского общества. Что же касается первобытных магических обрядовых актов-действ, то утверждается четкая идея о вере в сверхъестественные силы и за­висимость судьбы горца от влияния этих сил. Пчелина раскрывает соционорматив­ные нормы, корни которых кроятся в древнейших социальных институтах осетин; описывает этические нормы внутри семьи, родственного коллектива и этнического сообщества; передает символический смысл родильной обрядности; сохраняет сцена­рии претерпевших трансформацию бытующих и ныне у осетин обрядов и обычаев, а также ушедших в прошлое. Впечатляют имеющиеся в работе этнографа выявленные локальные различия в родильной обрядности осетин, но и специфически универсаль­ные, характерные и для других народов Северного Кавказа. The article analyzes the unique ethnographic material on the Ossetian maternity rituals, collected in the south and north of Ossetia and published by E.G. Pchelina. The article is of great cognitive and scientific importance, because the issues of socialization are considered in it through the prism of ethnography, archeology, linguistics and folkloristics, and this approach comprehensively highlights the fundamental values of the spiritual culture of the Ossetians. Researches convey traditional norms, socio-cultural experience, moral attitudes, moral principles, mental makeup, etc., in a word, the ethnocultural heritage of the Ossetians of the first half of the last century. Pchelina recorded the components of the Ossetian culture, both local and universal, which caused the problems that lay in the process of socialization. The publication suggests that family and household rituals and customs, as well as childbirth rituals, evolved according to specific economic conditions and represented a complex of rational and religious-magical ways in which the patriarchal nature of Ossetian society was entrenched. As for the primitive magical ritual acts-actions, a clear idea of belief in supernatural forces and the dependence of the Highlander’s fate on the influence of these forces is affirmed. E.G. Pchelina reveals social norms, the roots of which lie in the most ancient social institutions of the Ossetians; describes ethical norms within the family, kindred community and ethnic community; conveys the symbolic meaning of childbirth rituals; preserves the scenarios of the rituals and customs that have undergone transformation and are nowadays among the Ossetians, as well as those that have gone into the past. The local differences in the Ossetian maternity rituals, which are found in the ethnographer’s work, are impressive, but also specifically universal, characteristic of other peoples of the North Caucasus.

scholarly journals Complex experimental-trasologic and ethnographic researches of ceramics: technology of manufacturing and burning

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Galina Nikolaevna Poplevko
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Experimental Modeling ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Ancient Ceramics ◽  
The North ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Technological Methods

Complex experimental-trasological and ethnographic studies of ceramics are shown on the example of their application to the study of technological methods for the manufacture of ancient ceramics. The paper considers the use of different research methods using the materials of Rakushechny Yar settlement on the Lower Don and Maikop culture in the North Caucasus and ethnographic data. Experimental modeling of flat-bottomed vessels of the Neolithic and round-bottomed vessels of Maikop culture is given as an example. It is shown that ceramics in different archaeological epochs were made using several techniques. The technique of making vessels was modeled by experiments. The study of ethnographic data on the technique of making round-bottomed vessels shows that the methods of modeling different vessels are much larger. The work presents archaeological, experimental, tracological and ethnographic data on the production of both flat-bottomed and round-bottomed vessels using the knockout technique. Recently, with the help of this technique, a series of experiments on the modeling of vessels and the subsequent tracological study of the technology of their manufacture with the help of a knockout was performed. For the first time the author shows the use of a combination of various methods of modeling in the manufacture of Neolithic vessels. The data of petrography and experiments on the burning of vessels are given.

scholarly journals Orchidaceae Juss. in Flora of Chechnya and Their Protection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E L Tasueva ◽  
R S Magomadova ◽  
A S Abdurzakova ◽  
A M Umaeva ◽  
Z I Shakhgirieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Protected Plants ◽  
First Time

For the first time, perennial materials on the Orchidacaeae Juss. family of Chechnya are summarizedб consisting of 15 families and 29 species. The largest genus in the family – Orchis L. is represented by 8 species. The article presents information that all members of the family are protected plants listed in the Red Book of Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, and the Stavropol Territory. Some species are not included in the list of plants to be protected, including those species that have underground tuberoids and can serve as a source of salep (for instance, Platanthera bifolia, P. chlorantha, Herminium monorchis, Traunsteinera sphaerica, Dactylorhisa incarnata, D. salina, D. urvilleana). In this connection, data on the resources of family members and the potential possibilities of their use as a medicinal raw material are of interest. We have carried out resource studies of the most common species of Orchis tridentata Scop, within the North Caucasus. The obtained data allow us to expand our understanding of the species role of Orchidaceae Juss family. Пoлyчeнныe дaнныe пoзBoляют pacшиpить пpeдcтaBлeниe o poли BидoB ceмeйcтBa Orchidaceae Juss. of the North Caucasus flora in the composition of vegetation cover.

Isidascus bassindalei gen.nov., sp.nov. (Ascothoracida: Crustacea) from north-east Atlantic with a note on the origin of barnacles

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Moyse
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Present Form ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sequential Hermaphrodite ◽  
Dorsal Position

A new ascothoracid, Isidascus bassindalei gen.nov., sp.nov., has been discovered in the north-east Atlantic Ocean at a depth of over 2000 m. It forms permanent galls on the branches of Acanella arbuscula, a gorgonian of the Family Isidae (Octocorallia, Coelenterata). The new genus is related to Gorgonolaureus, species of which form galls on paramuriceid gorgonians. The gall of the present form unlike that of Gorgonolaureus incorporates a cup of host calcite. Twenty-three adult female specimens and one male were examined in this study. The adult parasite is characterized by elevated humps in a median dorsal position on each of thoracomeres 2,3 and 4. A further feature is a tapering filamentary appendage arising near the base of first thoracopod. The parasite apparently feeds on its host's coenosarc. The likely function of the first and second antennae and each of the three pairs of stylet-form mouth parts is suggested. A case is made for interpretting the species as a protandrous sequential hermaphrodite. Whilst still immature, protanders apparently seek out and settle alongside an adult female. Later, following growth and sexual maturation they again become mobile and after copulation with the nearby female depart to prepare for sex change on a separate branch of the host.

scholarly journals THE COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT MODELING TECHNIQUES TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL VESSELS, DATA TRASOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Galina Nikolaevna Poplevko
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Technological Methods

The study of technological methods of manufacturing ceramic materials is considered by the example of the Maikop culture in the North Caucasus and the data of ethnography. As an example the experimental simulation of round-the Maikop culture vessels, made by several methods. Trasological study of the structure of the test pieces of ceramics in the fracture showed that it is possible to determine the area of joints tapes. External and internal ceramic surface smoothed, but you can define a manual molding of thin lines multidirectional polishing. Manual molding can also be defined and some fragments of ceramics on its inner surface, to maintain the following bands modeling and smoothing the surface of joints by hand. Some fragments have a very dense homogeneous structure, which is formed as a result of receiving use knockout, using a wooden spatula or forging of vessel walls using stone tools on both sides. Some techniques for making vascular managed modeled by experiments. Research data on the manufacturing technique of ethnography round bottom flask showed that the modeling techniques such vessels much more. The paper presents the archaeological, ethnographic and experimental data on manufacturing as the flat-bottomed and round bottom flask using a technique manual molding, punch and forging (forging the walls of stone tools from both sides). Recently, using the technique of punch it was carried out a series of experiments on modeling the round bottom flask. Trasological study technology of round bottomed flask with two knockout techniques, not previously considered.

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