A study on ectoparasites in Indian Mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) of Thiruvananthapuram coast, South India

Parasitic infestation in marine fish requires urgent attention, especially those that infect economically important fishes, which affect their aesthetic quality and palatability. Ectoparasites in Indian Mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817), have not been studied well. Morphological and seasonal study of ectoparasites in R. kanagurta from the Thiruvananthapuram coast was conducted during March-August 2018. The study investigated three parasitic groups: Trichodinids, Digenean cysts (Centrocestus Looss, 1899), and Cymothoids (Norileca indica Milne Edwards, 1840 and Nerocila phaiopleura Bleeker, 1857) from R. kanagurta during the present study. Of the 240 fishes examined, the Trichodinids and digeneans showed 100% prevalence on the gill samples. Seasons had no significant effect on trichodinids and digeneans prevalence. However, parasitic Cmothoids fluctuated significantly according to the season. They showed greater prevalence during the pre-monsoon (45%) and least in monsoon (25%) due to environmental parameters like rainfall, salinity, and temperature. Trichodinids parasitized gills of R. kanagurta showed increased mucus production, paleness in the gills, and multifocal whitish areas. The Cymothoid infested fish showed lesions with the erosion of the epidermis and underlying dermis at the site of attachment. The noticeable changes were observed in the gill epithelium due to the encystment of digeneans. The Trichodinid ciliates and Heterophyid digenean cysts (Centrocestus Looss, 1899) are reported for the first time in R. kanagurta.

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Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on Biofilm-Forming Ability of Histamine-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Fish

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 (8) ◽

pp. 1417-1422 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

SUMA DEVIVILLA ◽

MANJUSHA LEKSHMI ◽

SANATH H. KUMAR ◽

RAJENDRAN K. VALAPPIL ◽

SIBNARAYAN DAM ROY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Marine Fish ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Histidine Decarboxylase ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Fish Processing ◽

Proteus Vulgaris ◽

Indian Mackerel ◽

Low Levels ◽

Rastrelliger Kanagurta

ABSTRACT Histamine poisoning occurs when temperature-abused marine fish containing elevated levels of histamine are consumed. Histamine-producing bacteria found in fish can colonize processing surfaces and form biofilms. In this study, the biofilm-forming abilities of histamine-producing bacteria from Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and the effect of hypochlorite treatment on biofilm formation were studied. The isolates of this study produced histamine in the range of 471 to 2,126 ppm. The histidine decarboxylase gene hdc was detected in all isolates producing histamine except in one strain each of Psychrobacter pulmonis and Proteus vulgaris. All isolates tested in this study produced moderate biofilms under control conditions, whereas exposure to 1 and 3 ppm of sodium hypochlorite significantly enhanced biofilm formation. However, exposure to 5 ppm of sodium hypochlorite showed an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by all the isolates except Klebsiella variicola. The results of this study suggest that histamine-producing bacteria can form stable biofilms and that this activity may be enhanced by the application of low levels of sodium hypochlorite, a phenomenon that might influence the persistence of histamine-producing bacteria in fish processing areas.

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Biochemical Profiles of Various Fresh Extracts of Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i04.8540 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Shanmugapriya K. ◽

T. Murugan ◽

Thayumanavan Tha

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Analysis ◽

South India ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Research Work ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Total Lipids ◽

Total Proteins ◽

Total Carbohydrates ◽

Biochemical Profiles ◽

First Time

Medicinal plants plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. In present scenario, the need is to explore, identify and utilize this new medicinal plant on one hand and, on the other, to help conserve the existing but threatened species of rare medicinal plant.This present research work was carry out for the first time in South India to analyse and estimate the biochemical profiles of various extracts of fresh parts of Gnaphalium polycaulon pers., plant. The biochemical composition such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, total phenols, cholesterol, total chlorophylls and reducing sugar, sterols were estimated using the standard procedure in fresh plant material.The biochemical analysis of Gnaphalium polycaulon plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals. The results of the present study supplement the usage of the studied plant which possesses several bioactive compounds and used as food and also as medicine.The results of present studies demonstrated that Gnaphalium polycaulon plant could be a sourceof valuable information and a guideline for the scientists, researchers in India and also all over the world

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Directional changes in Levallois core technologies between Eastern Africa, Arabia, and the Levant during MIS 5

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90744-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James Blinkhorn ◽

Huw S. Groucutt ◽

Eleanor M. L. Scerri ◽

Michael D. Petraglia ◽

Simon Blockley

Keyword(s):

Homo Sapiens ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

Middle Pleistocene ◽

Reduction Activity ◽

Core Technology ◽

Geographic Expansion ◽

First Time ◽

Mis 5

AbstractMarine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, ~ 130 to 71 thousand years ago, was a key period for the geographic expansion of Homo sapiens, including engagement with new landscapes within Africa and dispersal into Asia. Occupation of the Levant by Homo sapiens in MIS 5 is well established, while recent research has documented complementary evidence in Arabia. Here, we undertake the first detailed comparison of Levallois core technology from eastern Africa, Arabia, and the Levant during MIS 5, including multiple sites associated with Homo sapiens fossils. We employ quantitative comparisons of individual artefacts that provides a detailed appraisal of Levallois reduction activity in MIS 5, thereby enabling assessment of intra- and inter-assemblage variability for the first time. Our results demonstrate a pattern of geographically structured variability embedded within a shared focus on centripetal Levallois reduction schemes and overlapping core morphologies. We reveal directional changes in core shaping and flake production from eastern Africa to Arabia and the Levant that are independent of differences in geographic or environmental parameters. These results are consistent with a common cultural inheritance between these regions, potentially stemming from a shared late Middle Pleistocene source in eastern Africa.

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Description of the larva of Bromeliagrion rehni (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) with bionomic notes concerning its phytotelmic habitat in central Amazonas, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0101-81752008000300012 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 479-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sharlene R. da S. Torreias ◽

Ulisses G. Neiss ◽

Neusa Hamada ◽

Ruth L. Ferreira-Keppler ◽

Frederico A.A. Lencioni

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Dry Season ◽

Stage Larva ◽

Water Volume ◽

Apical Region ◽

Last Stage ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship

The last-stage larva of Bromeliagrion rehni Garrison in De Marmels & Garrison, 2005 is described and illustrated and bionomics and habitat information on this species are provided. The study was conducted in the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, located near Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil.Twelve samplings were done between April, 2003 and April, 2005: six in the rainy season and six in the dry season. In each sampling month, 12 bromeliads (Guzmania brasiliensis Ule, 1907, Bromeliaceae) were collected, six of which were terrestrial and six epiphytic, yielding144 samples. A total of 75 specimens of B. rehni were collected. The relationship between larval B. rehni abundance and the measured environmental parameters (volume (ml), pH, season and stratum) was significant (ANCOVA, F = 5.296, d.f. = 130, p < 0.001). Larvae were most abundant in the rainy season (p < 0.01) and water volume was positively related to the abundance of B. rehni. Larvae of B. rehni can be distinguished from those of B. fernandezianum (the only species in the genus with described larvae) by the number of setae in the prementum and by the color of the apical region of the femur. The association of this species with phytotelmata of G. brasiliensis is reported here for the first time.

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Reproduction and population structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey

Mediterranean Marine Science ◽

10.12681/mms.1360 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. DERELİ ◽

S. TÜRK ÇULHA ◽

M. ÇULHA ◽

B. H. ÖZALP ◽

A. A. TEKİNAY

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Gonadosomatic Index ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Mediterranean Populations ◽

Reproductive Patterns ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship

In this study, Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin 1791 was investigated from April 2013 to March 2014 in the Dardanelles Strait, to outline the morphological characteristics, reproductive patterns and the relationship between population characteristics and environmental parameters. Between 15 and 30 individuals of this species were sampled monthly from three stations. There was a negative allometry between length and weight, being gutted weight the most reliable measurement for this species. Reproductive patterns of the species were identified the first time for Turkish coasts. By macroscopic examination of the gonads, smallest sizes (gutted length) were measured as 8.4 and 8.1 cm for female and male, respectively. Sex ratio was calculated as 1: 1.1 with differences between seasons. The reproduction of sea cucumbers occurred between August and September after Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) values reached their maximum in July. The species was found down to 10 m depth with a population density of 0.21 / m2, which was rather low compared to previously reported values for Mediterranean populations of this species. There was a high positive correlation between population density and GSI of the species. The highest population density was observed where the largest sea grass meadows are found.

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Notes on Distribution of Crotalaria paniculata Willd. and Status of its Variety Nagarjunakondensis Thoth.

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2015-0m3a6q ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 181-184

Author(s):

V. Kumar

Keyword(s):

South India ◽

The Other ◽

Specific Level ◽

First Time

Crotalaria paniculata Willd. is reported for the first time from Kerala although it is commonly found in all the other three states of South India. Further, discussion is made about its questionable occurrence in Java (Indonesia) and opined here that it is endemic to South India. C. paniculata var. nagarjunakondensis Thoth. is raised to the specific level based on cordate cuspidate bract, absence of stipules, length of calyx teeth as well as 2-seeded pods.

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Biomedical applications of fish gut associated Streptomyces maritimus IM20 isolated from Rastrelliger kanagurta (Indian mackerel)

Research Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.25303/1610rjbt120130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 120-130

Author(s):

Angamuthu Vignesh ◽

Venugopal Gopikrishnan ◽

Sivaraj Anbarasu ◽

Manikkam Radhakrishnan ◽

Joseph Jerrine

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Inhibition Assay ◽

Indian Mackerel ◽

Fish Gut ◽

Rastrelliger Kanagurta

The biomedical potential of fish gut-associated actinobacteria isolated from the marine fish Rastrelliger kanagurta (Indian mackerel) was investigated. The actinobacterial strain IM20 was isolated from the fish gut by using Kusters agar medium prepared with 50% sea water. Based on their phenotypic and molecular characteristics, strain IM20 was identified as Streptomyces maritimus. The bioactive metabolites produced from the strain IM20 by agar surface fermentation and ethyl acetate extraction were tested for in vitro antimicrobial, antiquorum sensing , anti-biofilm, anti TB, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activity. The MIC value of ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of IM20 was found to be 16 μg ml−1 against S. aureus and E. coli. In quorum sensing inhibition assay, the extract showed violacein inhibition upto 87% at 512 μg ml−1 concentration when tested by pigment inhibition assay using C. violaceum MTCC 2656. The results of in vitro assays revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of IM-20 (EAE-IM20) showed 75%, 83% and 72% inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis (SHRE sensitive) and multi drug resistant (MDR) M tuberculosis respectively at 500 μg ml−1 concentration. In DPPH assay, 71% radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the EAE-IM20 at 250 μg ml−1. In MTT assay, EAEIM20 exhibited 74.29±2.01% inhibition on breast cancer cell line MCF7 (250 μg ml−1). This study broadly determines that the fish associated actinobacteria is a prolific place for diverse multifunctional bioactive compounds for the development of medically important unique drugs.

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