scholarly journals Optimization of Material Recovery Strategies in the Demolition Phase of Buildings – A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Rajan D ◽  
Dr. M. Kranti Kumar ◽  
Dr. S. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Made In

Globally, the construction industry is one of the most environmentally catastrophic industries, with a significant effect on the raw materials usage, their commitment of use throughout their whole life cycle, and the atmosphere in which they work. Between 1950 and 2010, global average material consumption rose from 5.0 t to 10.3 ton per capita per year, owing to population growth, industrialization, and increased socio-economic strength. Moreover, this industry uses 35% of produced energy and releases 40% of carbon dioxide into the Earth's atmosphere. One hundred fifty million tons of CDW is made in India according to the BMPTC, and less than 1% is reutilized properly added to that the 55% of total solid waste in India are from the construction industry. The waste produced during the demolition can be well utilized if managed and appropriately recovered, which directly reduces the virgin raw material usage in the new construction, decreasing the amount ending in the landfill. This study aims to understand the strategies and technology for material recovery after the building's life. The literature review will be taken up to list the different strategy in practice for material recovery. The techniques for material recovery are discussed to understand more in detail.  This research helps find the other methods for material recovery and equipment and technology during the demolition and reconstruction of the RCC framed structure. The bottlenecks in the adoption of the various strategy are studied in this research.

scholarly journals A Review on Utilizing the Marine Biorefinery Waste in Construction Raw Materials to Reduce Land Pollution and Enhance Green Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Monisha Ravi ◽  
Balasubramanian Murugesan ◽  
Arul Jeyakumar ◽  
Kiranmayi Raparthi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Cement And Concrete ◽  
Marine Waste

Abstract This research mainly concentrates on eco-friendly construction material. Production of cement and concrete industries release huge amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and greenhouse gases which affect the environment and also there is a demand in construction material by man-made or nature. The construction sector finds an economic and eco-friendly cement replacement material to achieve the demand for green concrete that improve the energy conservation and better energy saving material. In marine Bio-refinery waste produce huge quantity of calcium carbonate, whose disposal is cause of major concern. Pre-eminent solution for this problem is utilizing the marine shell waste in cement and concrete. It revises the manufacturing process to reduce the raw material usage in production and adoptable material for global warming. Therefore, the researchers focus on marine waste sea shells as the replacement material in construction industry to save the energy and also give sustainable green material. As per the previous studies by the researchers to determine the chemical composition, specific gravity, water absorption, particle size distribution of seashells and also compressive, flexural and tensile strength of concrete. It shows the seashell is filler material that slightly increases the strength when compared to the conventional materials and therefore the sea shells are suitable for the construction field to manufacture the cement and concrete with eco-friendly manner.

Alternative Concrete – Geopolymer Concrete

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Alkali Activated

Concrete is the most versatile, durable and reliable material and is the most used building material. It requires large amounts of Portland cement which has environmental problems associated with its production. Hence, an alternative concrete – geopolymer concrete is needed. The general aim of this book is to make significant contributions in understanding and deciphering the mechanisms of the realization of the alkali-activated fly ash-based geopolymer concrete and, at the same time, to present the main characteristics of the materials, components, as well as the influence that they have on the performance of the mechanical properties of the concrete. The book deals with in-depth research of the potential recovery of fly ash and using it as a raw material for the development of new construction materials, offering sustainable solutions to the construction industry.

Gold Prospecting With Factorial Cokriging In The Limousin, France

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Wackernagel ◽  
Henri Sanguinetti
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Geological Body ◽  
Geostatistical Methods ◽  
Geological Phenomenon

In geochemical prospecting for gold a major difficulty is that many values are below the chemical detection limit. Tracers for gold thus play an important role in the evaluation of multivariate geochemical data. In this case study we apply geostatistical methods presented in Wackernagel (1988) to multielement exploration data from a prospect near Limoges, France. The analysis relies upon a metallogenetic model by Bonnemaison and Marcoux (1987, 1990) describing auriferous mineralization in shear zones of the Limousin. The aim of geochemical exploration is to find deposits of raw materials. What is a deposit? It is a geological anomaly which has a significant average content of a given raw material and enough spatial extension to have economic value. The geological body denned by an anomaly is generally buried at a specific depth and may be detectable at the surface through indices. These indices, which we shall call superficial anomalies, are disposed in three manners: at isolated locations, along faults, and as dispersion halos. These two definitions of the word "anomaly" correspond to a vision of the geological phenomenon in its full continuity. Yet in exploration geochemistry only a discrete perception of the phenomenon is possible through samples taken along a regularly meshed grid. A superficial anomaly thus can be apprehended by one or several samples or it can escape the grip of the geochemist when it is located between the nodes of the mesh. A geochemical anomaly, in the strict sense, only exists at the nodes of the sampling grid and we shall distinguish between: a pointwise anomaly defined on a single sample, and a groupwise anomaly defined on several neighboring samples. This distinction is important both upstream, for the geological interpretation of geochemical measurements, and downstream, at the level of geostatistical manipulation of the data. It will condition an exploration strategy on the basis of the data representations used in this case study. A pointwise anomaly, i.e., a high, isolated value of the material being sought, will correspond either to a geological phenomenon of limited extent or to a well hidden deposit.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN USAHA BENIH JAGUNG TAHAN KERING

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
S.M. Sarwadana ◽  
B.R.T. Putri ◽  
K.K. Dinata
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Made In

Activities of science and technology for innovation and creativity campus aims are: (1) thecommercialization of science and technology campus creativity as a source of financing for the developmentof institutions; (2) stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit among beings campus, and (3) help people get seeds ofdrought-tolerant maize varieties. Methods of execution include the business aspects of the planned businessactivities consist of: provision of raw materials, production processes, management, marketing, humanresources, facilities, and financial. The raw material is obtained from units of science and technology fornovation and creativity campus and through partnerships with farmers' seed corn. The production processstarted from seed, sorting, and packaging. Marketing is done directly, partnerships with local governmentsand konsiniasi with kiosk / farm shop. Results show that the activities of science and technology unit forinnovation and creativity campus drought-tolerant maize seed has gone well characterized by supportinfrastructure adequate maize seed production; IbIKK unit operates under the management of PSAgroecotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana; Of investment made in 2014 amountingto Rp. 39,550,000; Result of sales corn seeds turnover in 2014 amounted to 400 kg (Rp. 12 million); and netcash flow amounted to 17,672,400.

Green gold of Africa – Can growing native bamboo in Ethiopia become a commercially viable business?

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (05) ◽  
pp. 628-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Böck
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Increasing Demand

With concerns about climate change and the search for sustainable construction materials, significant attention is now being paid to Africa's natural resources. Ethiopia, known as Africa's political capital, has a rapidly expanding economy with increasing demand for new construction materials. Through public private partnerships projects the country is developing a sustainable business model to promote bamboo as a raw material. The subtropical zone of Ethiopia is home to approximately 65% of Africa's bamboo resources, an area of over 1 million hectares. Bamboo is potentially an ideal source of local, sustainable purpose-engineered building materials for growing cities not only in Ethiopia but across Africa. Production of conventional construction materials such as steel and concrete is expensive, highly energy intensive and unsustainable, requiring large quantities of water and is strongly dependent on imported raw materials. Bamboo is a renewable building material widely cultivated in Ethiopia but not yet utilized in modern construction. Structural Bamboo Products (SBP), similar to engineered wood products, have excellent potential to partially replace the use of more energy-intensive materials. Projects such as African Bamboo are taking steps in managing, cultivating and using Ethiopian bamboo species to help mitigate rapid deforestation in East Africa by creating alternative “wood” sources and sustainable business opportunities.

scholarly journals Method for Quantifying Supply and Demand of Construction Minerals in Urban Regions—A Case Study of Hanoi and Its Hinterland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4358
Author(s):  
Georg Schiller ◽  
Tamara Bimesmeier ◽  
Anh T.V. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Urban Structures

Urbanization is a global trend: Since 2007 more than 50% of the world’s population have been living in urban areas, and rates of urbanization are continuing to rise everywhere. This growth in urbanization has led to an increased demand for natural resources, in particular non-metallic minerals such as stones, sand and clay, which account for one third of the entire flow of materials. Generally, these materials are traded within regional markets. This close geographical link between the demand for building materials in urban areas and the material supply in the hinterland leads to massive interventions in the natural environment and landscape. These urban–rural linkages can be revealed by applying Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to the built environment in order to trace the flows of building materials. The objective of this paper is to present a method for quantifying regional material flows by considering the supply and demand of building materials. This will be applied to the Vietnamese case study area of Hanoi and its hinterland province Hoa Binh. The results indicate a consumption of almost 60% of the construction mineral reserves in total secured by planning in the hinterland province considering a period of 15 years. However, this does not allow for the general conclusion that raw materials are sufficiently available. The sand reservoirs are only sufficient for eight years and clay reserves are used up after four years. This increases the need to exploit further raw material reserves, which are becoming increasingly scarce and results in stronger interventions in nature In order to safeguard the hinterland from the negative impacts of urbanization, a new understanding of resource efficiency is needed—one that acknowledges both resource efficiency in the construction of urban structures and appropriate resource conservation in the provision of the raw materials from the hinterland. This will require the creation of new integrated planning approaches between urban and regional planning authorities. Regional MFA is one way of realising such an approach.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PENDEKATAN TARGET DAN KAIZEN COSTING TERHADAP UPAYA MENGURANGI BIAYA PRODUKSI

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Budi Lesmana
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Target Costing ◽  
Small Step ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Waste Elimination ◽  
Study Type

The research is divided into an understanding of the target costing, understanding of the Kaizen costing, and to which the outcome is to be obtained using the target and Kaizen costing. The study combines costing targets with costing kaizen for cost reduction. This research is a type of descriptive research with the case study type at PT. Victory Garmintex. The research at PT. Victory Garmintex begins with determining the objectives, namely the business of Kaizen based on the price that the consumer wants to pay and should be achieved. Once it is started to identify and eliminate waste. The result is the elimination of waste and minimized waste; Use of raw materials, raw material supplies, packaging processes, packing processes, and waste of work, and the extravagance of transportation. The final step is to evaluate the implementation of Kaizen costing. Evaluation is done by comparing the actual earned savings achieved with the objectives set at the beginning.  The results of the evaluation showed PT. Victory Garmintex has managed to reduce the company's production costs using the target costing and kaizen costing. Keywords: Costing target, kaizen costing, cost reduction, waste, elimination of waste, small step   Penelitian ini terbagi dalam pemahaman tentang target costing, pemahaman tentang kaizen costing dan sejauh mana hasil yang bakal diperoleh dengan menggunakan target dan kaizen costing. Penelitian ini menggabungkan antara target costing dengan kaizen costing untuk pengurangan biaya. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif  dengan  jenis  studi kasus pada PT. Victory Garmintex. Penelitian di PT. Victory Garmintex, diawali dengan menentukan tujuan, yaitu usaha kaizen yang berdasarkan harga yang ingin dibayarkan konsumen dan harus dicapai. Setelah itu dimulailah mengidentifikasi dan mengeliminasi pemborosan. Hasilnya adalah dieliminasinya pemborosan dan diminimumkannya pemborosan; pemakaian bahan baku, persediaan bahan baku, proses pengemasan, proses pengepakan, serta pemborosan gerak kerja, dan pemborosan transportasi. Langkah terakhir yang dilakukan adalah mengevaluasi implementasi kaizen costing. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan penghematan aktual yang berhasil diperoleh dengan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan di awal.  Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan PT. Victory Garmintex telah berhasil mengurangi biaya produksi perusahaan dengan menggunakan target costing dan kaizen costing. Kata Kunci:  target costing, kaizen costing, pengurangan biaya, pemborosan, eliminasi pemborosan, langkah kecil

scholarly journals Model of Multi Product Classification with Regular Demand on Inventory System in a Raw Material Supply Company

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Tri Febrion ◽  
Joniarto Parung
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Product Classification ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Distribution Company ◽  
The Right

The right strategy in inventory is the main point in maintaining adequate and guaranteed supply continuity. Inventory strategies are becoming important but complex when the number of items that must be prepared is increasing. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the product groupings in several classifications. Prioritized products receive special attention.The same problem is faced by PT PEKA, an import raw material distribution company that has nearly 2000 product items. Based on data demand is known, that the company's demand does not have a fixed pattern. Many products have regular and irregular demand, even the number of regular demand is very volatile. Companies often experience excess stock or vice versa due to lack of stock demand according to predictions, long lead times and product self-life that varies. Related to this, alternative product groupings or classifications are needed in accordance with company conditions. The company currently has frozen and unfrozen products, has items made from natural and non-natural raw materials and has a short and relatively long lead time.PT. PEKA groups products in various stages, which lead to a combination of ABC and XYZ classifications. Demand of priority items generated from the grouping is then forecast according to the model that gives the smallest MSE / MAD. Furthermore, a case study was carried out to calculate the Total Relevance Cost (TRC) from the calculation results to be compared with the real TRC. TRC according to the classification results was Rp. 1,293,370,148, - lower than the actual condition TRC, which amounted to Rp. 1,805,887,874, -

scholarly journals Controlling Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Raw Material Inventories (Case Study at PT. Grahamakmur Ciptapratama Sidoarjo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Iffan Maflahah ◽  
Amalia Wahyu Pratiwi ◽  
Asfan
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Inventory Cost ◽  
Inventory Costs ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Planning Technique ◽  
Frozen Shrimp ◽  
Red Ginger

Raw material inventory control is used to place orders and ensure that shrimp raw materials arrive in a timely manner in accordance with consumer demand. This will expedite the course of the production process. This research was conducted at PT. Grahamakmur Ciptapratama Sidoarjo with the aim of knowing and analyzing the control of raw red ginger in frozen shrimp products. The method used is the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method with the Lot For Lot (LFL) Technique. In addition, safety stock analysis, Maximum Inventory, warehouse capacity and Reorder Point analysis were carried out. The results of the study showed that inventory costs using the EOQ technique were lower than the company method or using the LFL technique. The EOQ technique produces an inventory cost of IDR 292,591.00 in 2017 with an order frequency of 105 times and in 2018 of IDR 289,750.00 with a booking frequency of 116 times. In the LFL technique inventory costs are more expensive, but the planning technique in the LFL method can be applied by companies in anticipation of raw material inventory if there is a small inventory. If the company applies the EOQ method, the company purchases raw materials in a larger amount, but the warehouse capacity in the company can still be met, this can be seen from the calculation of Maximum Inventory and warehouse capacity.

scholarly journals Eksperimen Pembuatan Beliung Persegi

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
The People ◽  
Made In

<p>Writing a research paper does not only use three steps, such as analysis, explanation and conclusion, but it may also use analogy. It assumes two phenomena, individual or inter-related, similar. Analogizing method uses historic, ethnographic, and experimental sources. Experimental analogy, in particular, is done by duplication. For example, it is conducted by making a stone tool, which implies that there is a collective knowledge about the characteristics of the raw material and their relations to human. Despite the fact that prehistoric archeological remnants, such as the rectangular adze, were found in different areas in Indonesia, there had not been many who knew about process of making them, and the people who used them. The experimental duplication was done repetitively, gradually, and systematically. Repetition of the production of rectangular adze is made in order to be able to draw a general conclusion. The raw materials that are used are chert, metalimestone, limestone, chalcedony, jasper, and obsidian. A rectangular adze is produced after some steps are taken: firstly, preparing the raw material and the tool, secondly, shaping, and thirdly, molding.</p>

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