scholarly journals Productivity of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) of various ecological and geographical origin in the condition of Akmola region

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dyusibayeva ◽  
A. Rysbekova ◽  
I Zhirnova ◽  
A. Zhakenova ◽  
A. Seitkhozhayev
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Stable Yield

Abstract. Relevance of research. Creation of high productive and tolerant to adverse environmental factors varieties is one of the most important tasks of plant breeding. The high yield is ensured by the development of the basic elements of the plant's crop structure. To increase the efficiency of breeding work, the study of the initial material is of great importance. The purpose of the study is the study of economically valuable traits of proso millet of various ecological and geographical origin in the condition of dry steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan. Materials and research methods. Phenological observations and field assessments were carried out on crops according to the field experiment methodology. The research material was varieties and samples of millet of various origin. Results. At the result of the structural analysis for 2018–2019 the number of varieties and samples of proso millet were selected as on separate economically valuable traits: varieties Shortandinskoe 7, Shortandinskoe 10, Shortandinskoe 11, Pavlodarskoe, Pavlodarskoe 4, Yarkoe 5, Yarkoe 6, Yarkoe 7, Pamyati Bersieva, Kormovoe 89, Barnaulskoe Kormovoe, Kormovoe proso, Uralskoe 109, Aktybinskoe kormovoe, Kokchetavskoe 66, Abakanskoe kormovoe; samples: K-3742, K-5786, K-3137, and their complex traits: Omskoe 11, Pavlodarskoe, Barnaulskoe kormovoe, Uralskoe 109. Stable yield in contrasting weather conditions by years was observed in varieties Omskoe 11 and Uralskoe 109. Scientific novelty. In the dry-steppe zone of the Akmola region in contrasting weather conditions, the most valuable samples with maximum productivity were identified. Direct relationship has been established between the mass of 1000 seeds in panicles and the average yield of proso millet varieties and samples. Selected genotypes are of the greatest interest for using them in breeding programs for high productivity.

scholarly journals NEW SOURCES OF SEEDLESS GRAPES OF ANAPA EXPERIMENTAL STATION SELECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
I.V. Gorbunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Grape Varieties

It is commonly known that the share of seedless grape varieties in the total production in the country is very small. Of 106 table varieties included in the register, only 4 varieties are of kishmish direction (Kishmish radiant, Korinka Russian, Yuzhnoberezhny, Yalta seedless). These varieties are in great demand, since their berries are used both fresh and dried. This article presents results of long-term research on isolation of genetic seedlessness donors among grape varieties of Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking, such as Lotos, Zhemchug of Anapa and Kishmish pink AZOS. These studies were carried out with a simultaneous complex study of economically valuable traits and annually changing weather conditions. In addition, the assessment of these varieties was carried out according to seedlessness sign intensity in the conditions of the Anapo-Taman viticulture zone. The greatest mass of rudiments of all analyzed samples was found in Kishmish pink AZOS variety, therefore, it was assigned to the third category of seedlessness, although the mass ratio of rudiments to the mass of the berry is negligible. The rest of the studied seedless grape varieties in comparison with the control variety (Radiant Kishmish) have a higher seedless class. It particularly concerns varieties such varieties as Zhemchug of Anapa and Lotus, belonging to the first and second classes of seedlessness, respectively. Along with this, a long-term work was carried out to study the yield of these varieties and their productivity (coefficients of fruiting and fertility), the phenology of plant development depending on weather conditions. In particular, it was found that high productivity parameters are observed in all the studied varieties every year; Lotus and Zhemchug of Anapa have also high yield every year. The conducted work has shown prospects for using grape varieties of Anapa Experimental Station as future seedlessness donors.

scholarly journals Climate change and economic efficiency of agricultural production in the Steppe zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Tararico ◽  
Yu. V. Soroka ◽  
R. V. Saidak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dry Steppe

Relevance of research. Due to ongoing climate change, almost the entire territory of the Steppe of Ukraine by annual humidity factor belongs to the dry and very dry zones, the relative area of ​​which has increased by 13.2% of the total area of ​​the country compared to the 1960-1990s. At the same time, for today in Ukraine only about 500 thousand hectares are actually irrigated, that is 19% of the potential area. Purpose of research. To determine the patterns and trends of climate change in the western part of the dry Steppe of Ukraine and analyze the economic indicators of production activity in the region as to the variable weather conditions. Research methodology. Climate change was estimated on the basis of Climate Water Balance (CWB) and Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) values. The analysis of the economic efficiency of agricultural production was carried out by analyzing the statistical data for Odessa region and for the chosen agricultural enterprise. Research results and conclusions. The use of significant heat supply in the dry Steppe zone is limited by insufficient water supply conditions. In the years of 1991-2016  the average annual rainfall was 480 mm and since the early 2000s there has been a slight increase in that. However, even having 500-550 mm of average annual rainfall that has been observed over the past five years, it is not enough for providing high-yield agricultural production. High thermal regime couses high evaporation that in turn, leads to water supply deficit, which at the end of the growing season amounts to 336-436 mm. According to the HTC index in the region 80% of cases show severe and moderately arid vegetation conditions. At the same time, irrigation area in the region has decreased to a minimum, which has led to the domination of winter cereals and sunflower in the cropping system. Under variable weather conditions, winter wheat yields ranged from 19.4 to 38.5 c/ ha (31.4 c/ha on average) and sunflower - from 12.2 to 21.4 c/ha (17.4 c/ha on average), winter rape - from 13.1 to 20.9 c/ha (18.2 c/ha). It was proved a close direct relationship between the sale price of products of all studied crops and their cost price, as well as the inverse relationship of these indicators with the crop yield. The profitability of winter wheat from 2011 till 2016 ranged from 17 to 153 USD/ha with an average value of 86 USD/ha, winter rape - from 39 to 273 USD/ha with an average value of 166 USD  ha and sunflower - from 116 to 315 USD/ha with an average value of 192 USD/ha. Corn and soybeans have proven to be unprofitable in some years, which obviously explains rather small areas under these crops in the region. Above mentioned demonstrates the high economic instability of agricultural production in changing weather conditions, which is accompanied by significant risks for producers, especially when attracting credits. This situation, in turn, leads to a limited use of intensification means, in particular mineral fertilizers, which promotes agrochemical soil degradation. Under unstable water supply, the magnitude of net profit variation per hectare of arable land in Odessa region is 33-188 USD/ha (111 USD/ha on average). It is possible to increase these indicators by increasing the share of winter rape in the cropping system. With the optimization of the water and air soil regimes as well as crop rotation factor, the profitability of agricultural production in the region can be increased up to 580-600 USD/ha. Similar results were obtained after analyzing the statistical data from the southern regions within the dry steppe zone.

scholarly journals The use of the Ugandan initial grain sorghum forms in the hybridization of the sorghum varieties for forage and food

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 13009
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kovtunov ◽  
Natalia Kovtunova
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The problem to develop new early maturing grain sorghum varieties adapted to mechanized harvesting with high productivity and feed advantages, is of great urgency. The purpose of the current work was to study the inheritance of the main economically valuable traits in the first generation hybrids developed in the hybridization between samples of different ecological and geographical origin. In the first generation hybrids Zernogradskoe 88 × Seso 1 and Zernogradskoe 88 × Narosorg 1, there was identified the improvement of 1000-grain weight, number of grains per panicle, and length of a peduncle in comparison with the initial parental forms. In the hybrid combination obtained as a result of hybridization of the varieties Zernogradskoe 88 and Seso 3 there was not identified any positive manifestation of heterosis for the breeding process in the main studied traits. According to the trait ‘plant height’ in all combinations, there was identified overdominance of high-growing forms. According to the protein percentage in grains there was established depression or dominance of lower values of the trait. The inheritance of the trait ‘length of vegetation period’ in the studied hybrids corresponded to the partial dominance of both lower and higher values of the trait.

Results of variety study of black currant collection in the Middle Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
E. M. Chebotok
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Late Maturation ◽  
Research Period

Long-term results of the variety study of black currant collection in the Middle Urals are presented. The purpose of the work was to study the collection fund of black currant on economically useful features. The peculiarities of weather conditions during the research period 2012-2018 are described, and phenological observations are presented. Based on the results of four years of study, varieties with high productivity, large-fruited, with high taste qualities of berries, resistant to Septoria and Bud mite were revealed. Varieties with economically useful features were identified: Spas for high productivity and large-fruiting, very late maturation; Voevoda, Kazkova, Kozatska, Podarok Ilinoy, Sofievska, Udalec, Shaman — for high and stable yield, high commodity qualities of berries; Bariton, Ben Alder, Udalets, Shaman - for resistance to Bud mite.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS TO CHANGE OF PROPERTIES OF THE RECLAIMED SOLONETZES IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
I. Lyubimova ◽  
A. Aksenov ◽  
A. Gorobets
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
High Carbonate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

Estimation of the impact of weather conditions on the change in the content of readily soluble salts and metabolic bases and humus in the reclaimed automorphic high-carbonate solonetzes of the dry-steppe zone at different of types of meliorative effects. The given results of researches show that weather conditions first of all render effects on rapidly changing soil properties, such as readily soluble salt content and exchangeable elements. There is no evidence of reliable correlations between humus content and weather conditions. Directionality and the share of the impact of climate indicators on different properties of reclaimed solonetzes is different, but in most cases it's is less than 30% of the share of influence of other factors.

scholarly journals PROMISING MIXED CROPS OF SUDAN GRASS WITH FORAGE CROPS

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (334) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
B.N. Nasiyev ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
West Kazakhstan ◽  
Mixed Crops

An important factor in increasing the efficiency of crop diversification in West Kazakhstan and reducing the dependence of crop productivity on weather conditions is the expansion of crops most adapted to unsustainable humidification of plants such as chickpeas, Sudan grass, sorghum, corn and sunflower. One of the ways to increase the productivity of Sudanese grass is to use its mixed crops with chickpeas, sunflower, corn and sorghum. Mixtures due to the best quality indicators of feed provide the maximum yield of feed units and digestible protein. The article presents research data on the study of mixed crops of Sudanese grass with annual crops in the conditions of the 1st dry-steppe zone of Western Kazakhstan. A comparative test of mixed crops by yield from digestible protein area units revealed the most nutritionally valuable mixtures. So, in the research of 2018-2020, the largest yield for digestible protein was obtained on the variant using sunflower for silage mixed with Sudan grass (1.65 c/ha), slightly lower on the versions of using a mixture of Sudan grass and corn for silage (1.58 c/ha) and a mixture of sorghum and Sudan grass for silage (1.55 c/ha).

scholarly journals Лучшие отечественные гибриды капусты белокочанной для Марий Эл

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Kostenko ◽  
P.V. Raevskii
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
High Yields

Цель исследований: испытать коммерческие и перспективные гибриды капусты в условиях Горномарийского района Республики Марий Эл и выбрать лучшие из них для выращивания в этой зоне. Гибриды капусты белокочанной Агрохолдинга Поиск проходили испытание на базе КФХ Раевская С.И. в 20182019 годах. В качестве изучаемого материала взяты гибриды среднепозднего срока созревания F1 Универс и F1 Поиск 2018, а также поздние гибриды для хранения F1 Герцогиня и F1 Континент. Почва опытного участка дерново-подзолистая, по механическому составу тяжелосуглинистая, содержание гумуса 1,9, рН 5,1. Погодные условия в годы проведения исследований были не совсем благоприятными для выращивания капусты белокочанной, отмечалась жаркая засушливая погода и недостаток осадков, как при высадке растений, так и в отдельные периоды во время вегетации. Несмотря на это, гибриды имели высокую урожайность, товарность и хорошее качество кочанов. Наибольшей урожайностью из коммерческих гибридов обладал среднепоздний гибрид капусты белокочанной F1 Универс (117,3131,2 т/га), занявший устойчивые позиции на рынке среднепоздней капусты, он успешно конкурирует с лучшими зарубежными аналогами и обеспечивает поступление продукции осенью и в первой половине зимы. Гибрид F1 Герцогиня дал стабильную урожайность кочанов в годы исследований на уровне 108,1108,5 т/га. Гибрид имеет отличную однородность растений, высокую стандартность кочанов с отличной внутренней структурой и предназначен для длительного хранения до 8 месяцев. Новые гибриды F1 Поиск 2018 и F1 Континент показали высокую урожайность на уровне 92,8138 т/га и также рекомендованы для выращивания в Марий Эл, причем F1 Поиск 2018 имеет максимальные показатели урожайности в годы исследования среди изученных гибридов.The purpose of the research is to test commercial and promising cabbage hybrids in the conditions of the Gornomariysky district of the Mari El Republic and select the best ones for growing in this zone. Hybrids of white cabbage of Poisk agricultural Holding were tested on the basis of Raevskaya S.I. farm in 20182019. Hybrids F1 Univers and F1 Poisk 2018, the mid-late maturity and late hybrids for storing F1 Gertsoginya and F1 Continent, were taken as the studied material. The soil of the experimental plot is sod-podzolic, with a heavy loam texture, humus content of 1.9, pH 5.1. Weather conditions during the years of research were not entirely favorable for the cultivation of white cabbage, the weather was hot arid and lack of rainfall, both during planting and in certain periods during the growing season. Despite this, hybrids had high productivity, marketability and good quality of heads of cabbage. The medium-late hybrid of cabbage F1 Univers has the highest yield of commercial hybrids of 117.3131.2 t/ha, holds a stable position in the market of medium-late cabbage, successfully competes with the best foreign counterparts and ensures the receipt of products in the fall and in the first half of winter. Hybrid F1 Gertsoginya gave a stable yield of heads of cabbage during the years of research at the level of 108.1108.5 t/ha. The hybrid has excellent plant uniformity, high standard of heads of cabbage, with an excellent internal structure and is designed for long-term storage of up to 8 months. New hybrids F1 Poisk 2018 and F1 Continent had high yields of 92.8138 t/ha and are also recommended for cultivation in this region, and F1 Poisk 2018 has the highest yields during the years of research among the studied hybrids.

Evaluation of spring triticale genotypes by duration of phenological phases, yield and grain quality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р. Абделькави ◽  
А. Соловьёв
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Variety Testing

Исследования проводились в Московской области в 20172018 годах. В настоящее время тритикале ( Triticosecale Wittm.) в основном является кормовой культурой, однако она ценна и для пищевого направления использования. Целью работы было выявление генотипов яровой тритикале, обладающих высокой урожайностью и хорошим качеством зерна. Изучены элементы структуры урожая и качество зерна шести сортов отечественной и зарубежной селекции, а также шести селекционных линий, полученных коллективом авторов. Эксперимент и анализ результатов работы выполнены по Методике государственного сортоиспытания сельскохозяйственных культур . Метеорологические условия значительно повлияли на формирование различных элементов структуры урожая, а также на качество зерна яровой тритикале. Продолжительность вегетационного периода в 2017 году была почти на 3 недели больше, чем в 2018 году, вследствие его низкой теплообеспеченности. В сложившихся погодных условиях 20172018 годов самой низкорослой была линия П2-13-5-2. Линия С259 характеризовалась наиболее крупным зерном, среднеплотным колосом и высокой урожайностью. Сортообразцы Хлебодар Харьковский, Лана, C238 и Л8665 имели стабильную урожайность на уровне стандарта. Сорта Лана, Sandro и селекционные линии C259, 6-35-5 и П2-13-5-2 показали высокое содержание белка и клейковины в сравнении со стандартом Укро. Выделенные сортообразцы могут быть использованы в селекционных программах на урожайность и хорошее качество зерна. Сорт Ульяна и селекционная линия С259 были наиболее урожайными, адаптивными и характеризовались хорошими показателями качества зерна. Сорт Лана и линии П2-13-5-2 и Л8665 давали хлеб с хорошей общей хлебопекарной оценкой. The research was conducted in the Moscow region in 20172018. Currently triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) is mainly a forage crop, but it is also valuable for food use. The aim of the work was to identify genotypes of spring triticale with high yield and good grain quality. The elements of crop structure and grain quality in 6 varieties of domestic and foreign selection, as well as 6 breeding lines obtained by the team of authors were studied. The experiment and analysis of the results of the work were carried out by the method of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Meteorological conditions significantly influenced the formation of various elements of the crop structure, as well as the quality of spring triticale grain. The duration of the growing season in 2017 was almost 3 weeks longer than in 2018, due to low heat supply. In the current weather conditions of 2017-2018 the plants of the line P2-13-5-2 had the shortest plant height. Line C259 was characterized by the largest grain, medium-dense ear and high yield. Genotypes Khlebodar Kharkovsky, Lana, C238 and L8665 had a stable yield at the standard level. Varieties Lana, Sandro and breeding lines C259, 6-35-5 and P2-13-5-2 showed a high content of protein and gluten in comparison with the standard Ukro. The selected varieties can be used in breeding programs for yield and good quality of grain. Variety Ulyana and breeding line C259 were the most productive, adaptive and characterized by good indicators of grain quality. Lana variety and lines P2-13-5-2 and L8665 gave bread with a good overall baking score.

scholarly journals The assessment of selection numbers of potato according to the combination of traits in the conditions of Kirov region

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-584
Author(s):  
O. N. Bashlakova ◽  
N. F. Sintsova
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Market Condition ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
North East ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Selection Number

The assessment of hybrid combinations of potato according to significant traits such as resistance to basic diseases, high productivity and market condition of tubers was carried out in Kirov region in 2016-2018. As an object for the research the following new potato hybrids bred by Falenki breeding station, branch of FARC North-East, were taken: 27-07(165-00 ´ 282-97), 170-08 (Sierra ´ 93.14-99), 21-07 (165-00 ´ 282-97), 62-08 (9326-2 ´ Zhukovsky Early), 90-09 (194-00 ´ 45-7-17), 179-10 (Dina ´ 45-7-17), 455-08 (591m-62 ´ Dubrava). Early-ripe variety Udacha, middle-early Nevsky, mid-season Chaika recognized in Kirov region were used as standard. Phenological observations, assessment according to productivity (on the 65th day), total and commercial yield and disease resistance were carried out and chemical content of tubers was determined in the breeding nursery in accordance with the methodology instructions of potato breeding. As the result, according to economically valuable traits a promising selection number 170-08 has been chosen. In total yield its significant increase over the standard variety Udacha is 2.6 t/ha. The hybrid 170-08 tubers are round-oval shaped, the jacket is light-beige, the eyes are shallow, in number 5-6 on a tuber, the pulp is cream-colored. This variety combines high yield productivity (19.3 t/ha), and high top blight resistance (7-9 points). Also, 170-08 number is valuable when using for early yield (the productivity on the 65th day after planting is 14.6 t/ha).Conflict of interest: the authors stated that there was no conflict of interest.

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