Improving the performance of filters for personal respiratory protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 497-502
Author(s):  
Valery A. Kaptsov ◽  
Alexander V. Chirkin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Odor Perception ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Respiratory Protective Devices ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Subjective Reaction ◽  
Available Information

Introduction. To adequately protect workers from gaseous air pollution using air purifying respiratory protective devices (RPD), it is necessary to periodically replace filters. The aim of the study was the analyze the methods of monitoring the performance of workers’ RPD. Materials and methods. Nowadays the subjective reaction of smell to an increase in the concentration of gas in the mask is widely used. This practice is compared with the available scientific information on the subjective ability of humans to detect gases. Results. The requirements for filter replacement in the legislation of foreign countries are analyzed. It has been established that for most hazardous substances there is no available information on the thresholds of odor (irritant) perception, and the available data show a high probability of exceeding the odor perception thresholds over the maximum permissible concentrations of hazardous substances in the working area. for getting used to it, distraction of attention, low individual sensitivity, etc. The existing approach in Russia leads to the belated replacement of part of the filters and, as a consequence, to the deterioration of the professional health of workers. Conclusion. Recommendations are formulated on the measures, the implementation of which is necessary to improve the protection of personnel used air purifying RPD.

scholarly journals Mesophotic.org: a repository for scientific information on mesophotic ecosystems

Database ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pim Bongaerts ◽  
Gonzalo Perez-Rosales ◽  
Veronica Z Radice ◽  
Gal Eyal ◽  
Andrea Gori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Reduced Light

Abstract Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) and temperate mesophotic ecosystems (TMEs) occur at depths of roughly 30–150 m depth and are characterized by the presence of photosynthetic organisms despite reduced light availability. Exploration of these ecosystems dates back several decades, but our knowledge remained extremely limited until about a decade ago, when a renewed interest resulted in the establishment of a rapidly growing research community. Here, we present the ‘mesophotic.org’ database, a comprehensive and curated repository of scientific literature on mesophotic ecosystems. Through both manually curated and automatically extracted metadata, the repository facilitates rapid retrieval of available information about particular topics (e.g. taxa or geographic regions), exploration of spatial/temporal trends in research and identification of knowledge gaps. The repository can be queried to comprehensively obtain available data to address large-scale questions and guide future research directions. Overall, the ‘mesophotic.org’ repository provides an independent and open-source platform for the ever-growing research community working on MCEs and TMEs to collate and expedite our understanding of the occurrence, composition and functioning of these ecosystems. Database URL: http://mesophotic.org/

PROBLEM OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ESTIMATION OF NEGATIVE IMPACT OF FILTERING RESPIRATORY PROTECTION DEVICES TO WORKERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Lemeshko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Ivanov ◽  
A.M. Geregey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Physiological Assessment ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Filtering respiratory protection devices are widely used in industry and now in healthcare. The tests that these products undergo assess only the technical characteristics, without considering how the personal protective equipment affects the physiological processes of the user. The purpose of this study was to study modern methods of physiological assessment of the negative impact of the use of filtering respiratory protection devices on the human body. Analyzed domestic and foreign publications. The absence of a unified set of physiological methods for assessing the impact of filtering means of personal respiratory protection on the employee's body was established. This may be due to insufficient actualization of this problem both in Russia and in foreign countries.

scholarly journals Coagulopathy in COVID-19: Connecting the Dots Together

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Gandhi ◽  
Klaus Görlinger
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Connecting The Dots ◽  
Available Information

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus has spread quickly and become a public health emergency of global concern. Originating in the Wuhan district of China, which has reportedly been declared free of it now, the rest of the world continues to struggle with its severity and spread. While a lot of scientific publications and clinical data are available, newer clinical investigations and experiences continue to evolve, thereby depicting the dynamic nature of the disease and the knowledge around it. Researchers and clinical professionals continue to collect scientific information, clinical data, and evidence to help build a knowledge pool and guidance for the health care professionals to manage those affected with this pandemic disease. As significant and new data emerge, a lot of already available information gets confirmed and updated, while some of it also getting rejected or disapproved. In this article, we aim to put together the scientific and clinical information that is proven so far and the areas where more data or evidence is needed before a clear understanding can be achieved and guidance can be developed.

scholarly journals Respiratory protective devices for the healthcare workers (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Valery A. Kaptsov ◽  
Alexander V. Chirkin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Respiratory Protective Devices ◽  
Certification Requirements

Introduction. Healthcare practitioners are at increased risk of infection with infectious diseases, including the inhalation route. Healthcare practitioners use respirators of various designs providing different efficiency of protection. The purpose of the study was to improve efficiency of the respiratory protection of the healthcare practitioners in Russian Federation. There were analyzed available NIOSH publications, articles in journals Taylor & Francis, Oxford University Press, published materials of Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), and western training manuals. Differences in the requirements of the legislation were identified that increase the risk of infection in healthcare practitioners. There are no methods for assessing the risk level, and there are no specific requirements for selecting the respirator’s type that corresponds to the risk level. The employer is not obliged to provide the fit test for all employees. The respirator must be used timely, so it should not negatively affect the worker. But the average carbon dioxide concentration can exceed the STEL by more than two times. The certification requirements for respirators do not correspond to the conditions of their use in the hospitals. Respirators were not certified as means of protection against bioaerosols. Conclusions. Identified shortcomings in the respiratory safety of health care workers show possible ways to improve their protection by harmonizing national legislation with the best of existing Western requirements.

scholarly journals Developing methodical approaches to substantiating average annual maximum permissible concentrations of hazardous substances in ambient air in settlements as per acceptable health risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
N.V. Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
P.Z. Shur ◽  
K.V. Chetverkina ◽  
A.A. Khasanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Hygienic Standard ◽  
The Russian Federation

A methodological basis for providing chemical safety for population is obtained via fixing safe concentrations of hazardous substances, including those in ambient air, as it allows absence of unacceptable risks for people’s life and health. In the Russian Federation average daily maximum permissible concentrations (MPC av.d.) are applied to prevent chronic effects on human health produced by hazardous substances that are present in ambient air. But in world practice it is conventional to apply average annual concentrations when assessing chronic exposure to hazardous substances as it allows applying existing acceptable health risks as assessment criteria. We propose an algorithm for substantiating average annual MPC of chemicals in ambient air as per health risks criteria; the algorithm is harmonized with international approaches and takes into accounts research results taken from previous research works that have been published in relevant scientific sources. The algorithm also involves accomplishing toxicological and/or epidemiologic examinations solely aimed at obtaining missing data. The proposed algorithm envisages selecting starting points for substantiating a hygienic standard and uncertaintyfactors. Proposed methodical approaches have a distinctive feature that is verification of obtained standards as per acceptable (permissible) carcinogenic risk criteria and assessment of safety under exposure equal to MPC av.an. during the whole life span. Development and implementation of average annual maximum permissible concentrations of hazardous substances in ambient air will promote harmonization of the domestic regulatory base with hygienic standards and norms accepted in world practice.

scholarly journals Comparative analyses of technical characteristics of modern models of personal respiratory protective equipment

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
L.A. Ustinova ◽  
R.M. Shvets ◽  
N.V. Kurdil ◽  
V.A. Barkevych ◽  
V.I. Saglo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Operational Service

ABSTRACT. This article analyses the main features of respiratory protective equipment used during combat actions under the conditions of chemical and radiation contamination. Objective: To study the technical characteristics of respiratory protective equipment that the Armed Forces of Ukraine are equipped with for compliance with NATO standards. Materials and methods. Analysis of sources of scientific information about respiratory protective equipment in operational service with Ukraine and NATO have been conducted. Study methods used: analytical, historical, bibliographic, systematic and informational approach. Results and discussion. It was established that the majority of respiratory protective equipment that the Armed Forces of Ukraine are equipped with has been manufactured before 1991. Their shelf lives exceed the acceptable ones, and the standards by which they were manufactured do not meet modern requirements. The authors have defined the principal directions for improving respiratory protective equipment: versatility for various tactical tasks; possibility of use along with optical devices; compliance of intercommunication systems and breathing valves with NATO standards; providing respiratory protection against a wide range of chemicals; long shelf life; resistance to special treatment means (degassing); possibility of rapid switch to combat position; portability and ease of use. Conclusion. Modern technical characteristics of respiratory protective equipment should comply with the nature of the threats and the best international standards. An important direction in the development of weaponry and military equipment in Ukraine is the improvement of domestic technologies and development of own production of personal protective equipment, technologically compatible with the samples that are in the operational service with NATO countries. Keywords: military toxicology, military radiology, medical protection, respiratory protective equipment.

scholarly journals UNIFIED SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION AS A STIMULUS FOR INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Bibik
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Available Information

The subject of research is information systems that allow you to integrate scientific knowledge, including in the field of law enforcement. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis about the possibility of creating a unified system of scientific information as well as to determine the elements of such a system. The methodology of the study is a formal legal analysis of the normative legal acts and practice of functioning of scientific information systems. The main results and scope of their application. Science has accumulated a huge amount of information that needs to be systematized. The research infrastructure does not allow you to quickly find the necessary information. The consequence of this is the problem of multiple independent scientific discoveries, plagiarism. There is also no standard for scientific research, which is why works written using the scholastic method are often found mainly in the humanitarian sphere. There are various search platforms that combine databases of publications in scientific journals and patents. These platforms simplify the search for information, but very poorly systematize it. These systems are also aimed at ranking publications, journals, and researchers. There are electronic encyclopedias that systematize knowledge. However, these projects also have serious drawbacks, mainly related to their focus on the non-scientists: 1. Insufficient expert level in the presentation and evaluation of the material. 2. There is no status of a scientific publication, which makes it impossible to publish scientific works using this platform. 3. There is no task to integrate scientific knowledge. Conclusions. It is proposed to create a unified system of scientific information that will facilitate the search for the necessary data, make it possible to quickly get acquainted with advanced scientific developments, and increase the level of research, including through the introduction of the appropriate standard. This system can integrate the func-tions of an electronic scientific journal, an electronic library, an electronic textbook, as well as a search platform that provides the implementation of scientometric functions. The proposed system will be regularly and promptly updated as new scientific papers be-come available. Information in the system will be evaluated by experts for its ranking and use, including for related research. The system is primarily a source of publishing scien-tific information. The system will allow an objective approach to the selection of applica-tions for financial support for research, including grants, ensuring transparency of this procedure.

ЗАДУМЧИВЫЙ РЫЦАРЬ МНОГОМЕРНОГО МИРА (к 70-летию блестящего психолога и необыкновенного человека В. Ф. Петренко), "Методология и история психологии"

2018 ◽  
pp. 218-228
Author(s):  
, Виктор Михайлович Аллахвердов ◽  
Игорь Николаевич Карицкий
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Altered States Of Consciousness ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article is devoted to the 70th anniversary of Viktor Petrenko, the famous Russian psychologist. The article presents biographical and scientific information about the hero of the day. It is shown how the interest of the schoolboy Viktor Petrenko was formed to science, what events led to the fateful penchant for psychology, the main stages of the scientific career were traced. The teachers, first of all, A. N. Leontiev and V. P. Zinchenko, and their influence on the formation of V. F. Petrenko are indicated. A gallery of research expeditions to different regions of Russia and foreign countries is presented. The main line of research of Viktor Petrenko - psychosemantics - is reflected in the article, the most important results of theoretical and empirical research are presented: psychosemantics of everyday, political, religious consciousness, altered states of consciousness, psychosemantics of art, comparative semantics of consciousness and quantum physics, etc. The theoretical and methodological basis ofV. F. Petrenko's psychosemantic research is cultural-historical psychology and constructivism, the basic provisions of which have been analyzed by the scientist in a number of theoretical works.

scholarly journals What We Are Learning from COVID-19 for Respiratory Protection: Contemporary and Emerging Issues

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4165
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Mengying Zhang ◽  
Yulin Wu ◽  
Peixin Tang ◽  
Gang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Standards Compliance ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Respiratory Protective Devices ◽  
Emerging Issues

Infectious respiratory diseases such as the current COVID-19 have caused public health crises and interfered with social activity. Given the complexity of these novel infectious diseases, their dynamic nature, along with rapid changes in social and occupational environments, technology, and means of interpersonal interaction, respiratory protective devices (RPDs) play a crucial role in controlling infection, particularly for viruses like SARS-CoV-2 that have a high transmission rate, strong viability, multiple infection routes and mechanisms, and emerging new variants that could reduce the efficacy of existing vaccines. Evidence of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmissions further highlights the importance of a universal adoption of RPDs. RPDs have substantially improved over the past 100 years due to advances in technology, materials, and medical knowledge. However, several issues still need to be addressed such as engineering performance, comfort, testing standards, compliance monitoring, and regulations, especially considering the recent emergence of pathogens with novel transmission characteristics. In this review, we summarize existing knowledge and understanding on respiratory infectious diseases and their protection, discuss the emerging issues that influence the resulting protective and comfort performance of the RPDs, and provide insights in the identified knowledge gaps and future directions with diverse perspectives.

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