scholarly journals At what costs? A proposal for estimating migration costs in the Bangladesh-Malaysia corridor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Ahmed Khan ◽  
Masnun Mahi ◽  
Mohammad Zainuddin ◽  
Emadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Migration Cost ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
Migration Costs ◽  
The Impact

This article provides a comprehensive proposal to figure out the full spectrum of costs borne by Bangladeshi workers on their journey to Malaysia. The article proposes to consider the differences based on skill level, employment sector, immigration status, gender, traveling routes as well as channels and funding sources in order to determine the true economic cost of migration. The article also proposes to take social cost of migration into account. It sheds light on the effects of migration on migrant households with a view to fully comprehend the overall migration cost scenario. Finally, the paper suggests to take into consideration the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on broader migration and repatriation context.

scholarly journals At what costs? A proposal for estimating migration costs in the Bangladesh-Malaysia corridor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Ahmed Khan ◽  
Masnun Mahi ◽  
Mohammad Zainuddin ◽  
Emadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Migration Cost ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
Migration Costs ◽  
The Impact

This article provides a comprehensive proposal to figure out the full spectrum of costs borne by Bangladeshi workers on their journey to Malaysia. The article proposes to consider the differences based on skill level, employment sector, immigration status, gender, traveling routes as well as channels and funding sources in order to determine the true economic cost of migration. The article also proposes to take social cost of migration into account. It sheds light on the effects of migration on migrant households with a view to fully comprehend the overall migration cost scenario. Finally, the paper suggests to take into consideration the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on broader migration and repatriation context.

scholarly journals At what costs? A proposal for estimating migration costs in the Bangladesh-Malaysia corridor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Ahmed Khan ◽  
Masnun Mahi ◽  
Mohammad Zainuddin ◽  
Emadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Migration Cost ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
Migration Costs ◽  
The Impact

This article provides a comprehensive proposal to figure out the full spectrum of costs borne by Bangladeshi workers on their journey to Malaysia. The article proposes to consider the differences based on skill level, employment sector, immigration status, gender, traveling routes as well as channels and funding sources in order to determine the true economic cost of migration. The article also proposes to take social cost of migration into account. It sheds light on the effects of migration on migrant households with a view to fully comprehend the overall migration cost scenario. Finally, the paper suggests to take into consideration the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on broader migration and repatriation context.

scholarly journals WHO COMES AND WHY? DETERMINANTS OF IMMIGRANTS SKILL LEVEL IN THE EARLY XXTH CENTURY US

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Covarrubias ◽  
Jeanne Lafortune ◽  
José Tessada
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Costs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract:This paper first elaborates a model of intermediate selection where potential migrants must have both the resources to finance the migration cost (liquidity constraint restriction) and an income gain of migrating (economic incentives restriction). We then test the predictions of the model regarding the impact of output in the sending country and migration costs on average skill level of immigrants to the United States from 1899 to 1932, where immigration was initially unrestricted by law and then highly limited. Our panel of 39 countries includes data on occupations that immigrants had in their country of origin, providing a more accurate skill measure than previously available datasets. We find that migration costs have a negative but skill-neutral effect on quantity of immigrants and an increase in output, measured as GDP per capita, has a positive effect on quantity and a negative effect on average skill level of immigrants, suggesting that the main channel by which changes in output affected the average skill level of migrants in that time period is through the easing or tightening of the liquidity constraints and not through the economic incentives as in previous models. Also, using migrants’ occupation in the United States as a measure of skills would lead to misleading conclusions.

The underrepresentation of female participants in studies assessing the impact of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pallikadavath ◽  
R Patel ◽  
CL Kemp ◽  
M Hafejee ◽  
N Peckham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Funding Acknowledgements

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Cardiovascular adaptations as a result of exercise conducted at high-intensity and high-volume are often termed the ‘Athlete’s heart’. Studies have shown that these cardiovascular adaptations vary between sexes. It is important that both sexes are well represented in this literature. However, many studies assessing the impact of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes under-recruit female participants. Purpose This scoping review aimed to evaluate the representation of females in studies assessing the impact of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes and demonstrate how this has changed over time. Methods The scoping review protocol as outlined by Arksey and O’Malley was used. OVID and EMBASE databases were searched and studies independently reviewed by two reviewers. Studies must have investigated the effects of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes. To assess how the recruitment of females has changed over time, two methods were used. One, the median study date was used to categorise studies into two groups. Two, studies were divided into deciles to form ten equal groups over the study period. Mean percentage of female recruitment and percentage of studies that failed to include females were calculated. Results Overall, 250 studies were included. Over half the studies (50.8%, n = 127) did not include female participants. Only 3.2% (n = 8) did not include male participants. Overall, mean percentage recruitment was 18.2%. The mean percentage of recruitment was 14.5% before 2011 and 21.8% after 2011. The most recent decile of studies demonstrated the highest mean percentage of female recruitment (29.3%) and lowest number of studies that did not include female participants (26.9%). Conclusion Female participants are significantly underrepresented in studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes caused by high-dose exercise. The most recent studies show that female recruitment may be improving, however, this still falls significantly short for equal representation. Risk factors, progression and management of cardiovascular diseases vary between sexes, hence, translating findings from male dominated data is not appropriate. Future investigators should aim to establish barriers and strategies to optimise fair recruitment. Mean percentage females recruited per study (%) Percentage studies that do not include women (%) Overall (n = 250) 18.2 50.8 (n = 127) Studies before 2011 (n = 121) 14.5 59.5 (n = 72) Studies after 2011 (n = 129) 21.8 42.6 (n = 55) Table 1: Female recruitment characteristics. The year 2011 (median study year) was chosen as this divides all included studies into two equal groups.

Environmentally friendly automated line for recovering aluminium and lithium iron phosphate components of spent lithium-iron phosphate batteries

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2098206
Author(s):  
Haijun Bi ◽  
Huabing Zhu ◽  
Jialin Zhan ◽  
Lei Zu ◽  
Yuxuan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Dust Collector ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Pneumatic Separation ◽  
Automated Line ◽  
The Impact

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries contain metals, toxic electrolytes, organic chemicals and plastics that can lead to serious safety and environmental problems when they are improperly disposed of. The published literature on recovering spent LFP batteries mainly focuses on policy-making and conceptual design. The production line of recovering spent LFP batteries and its detailed operation are rarely reported. A set of automatic line without negative impact to the environment for recycling spent LFP batteries at industrial scale was investigated in this study. It includes crushing, pneumatic separation, sieving, and poison gas treatment processes. The optimum retaining time of materials in the crusher is 3 minutes. The release rate is the highest when the load of the impact crusher is 800 g. An air current separator (ACS) was designed to separate LFP from aluminium (Al) foil and LFP powder mixture. Movement behaviour of LFP powder and Al foil in the ACS were analysed, and the optimized operation parameter (35.46 m/s) of air current speed was obtained through theoretical analysis and experiments. The weight contents of an Al foil powder collector from vibrating screen-3 and LFP powder collector from bag-type dust collector are approximately 38.7% and 52.4%, respectively. The economic cost of full manual dismantling is higher than the recovery production line. This recycling system provides a feasible method for recycling spent LFP batteries.

scholarly journals Impact of Environmental and Social Costs on Performance of Nigerian Manufacturing Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agbiogwu A. A. ◽  
Ihendinihu J. U. ◽  
Okafor M. C.
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Earnings Per Share ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of environmental and social costs on performance of Nigerian manufacturing companies. With the use of secondary data, sourced from ten (10) randomly selected firms’ annual report and financial summary 2014. The study makes use of t- test of Spss version 20 for the analysis of collected data. Finding from the analysis shows that the sample companies environmental and social cost significantly affect Net profit margin, Earnings per share and Return on capital employed of manufacturing companies. The researchers recommended that government should ensure complete adherence of environmental laws by manufacturing companies in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on electrophysiological procedures at a national referral center

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cueva-Parra ◽  
G Munoz-Benavides ◽  
W Ortiz-Solis ◽  
J Gomez-Flores ◽  
MF Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Referral Center ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Electrophysiological Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Made In ◽  
Funding Acknowledgements

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background - Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated serious repercussions on the health system, reducing the number of all cardiology procedures worldwide. Objectives Describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the procedures performed by the electrophysiology department in a national referral center.  Methods We made a retrospective review of our data base and we compared procedures made in the last 3 years since 2017 to 2019 with the procedures made in the 2020. We divide the procedures into two large groups: Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIED) related procedures (which included implants, revisions, changes, upgrades and extractions) and electrophysiological studies and ablations (which included conventional and complex procedures). Other types of procedures were no included. Results There was a significant reduction in all procedures, the average of procedures performed in the last 3 previous years was 467 (there were 479 in 2017, 411 in 2018 and 511 in 2019), while in 2020 we performed only 319 (p = 0.01); this represents a reduction of 33.4% in the total number of procedures performed in our center. There was no statistical difference regarding the CIED related procedures, the average of procedures of the last 3 previous years was 174 (there were 186 in 2017, 148 in 2018 and 188 in 2019), and in 2020 we performed 189 procedures, this value is near to the average of the last 3 previous years and very close to the value of the 2019 (p = 0.46). Regarding the electrophysiological studies and ablations, the average of procedures of the last 3 previous years was 293 (there were 293 in 2017, 263 in 2018 and 323 in 2019), while in 2020 we performed only 129 procedures, considerably decreasing compared to the previous years (p < 0.01). The reduction in the electrophysiological studies and ablations was 55.97%. The most affected months were April, May and June. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic considerably affected the number of electrophysiological procedures in our center, reducing it by 33.4% compared to the previous years. The reduction of procedures fundamentally affected the electrophysiological studies and ablations, reducing them by 55.97%. The number of CIED related procedures were no affected. Electrophysiological procedures Procedures2017201820192017-2019 average2020CIED related procedures186148188174189Electrophysiological studies and ablations293263323293129Total479411511467319Comparative table of the electrophysiological procedures performed in our center in recent years.Abstract Figure. Comparison of the procedures.

scholarly journals Financial and Analytical Aspects of Making Decisions on Determining the Roles of Participants in Partnership Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (49) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
O. A. Kanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Funding ◽  
Financial Participation

The article is aimed at forming an analytical basis for making decisions on determining the optimal role played by participants in financing partnership projects for the economic development of a state. The paper outlines the importance of distributing financial support efficiently in order to address problems related to the lack of funding and low efficiency of socially important projects implemented on a partnership basis. Statistical data testifying to the development of projects implemented in Ukraine on a partnership basis are considered. The most common forms of partnership agreements and financial support mechanisms used in partnership projects in Ukraine are also identified. The regions of Ukraine that are leaders and outsiders as for the number of partnership agreements concluded and / or implemented on their territory are identified. The effectiveness of various financial participation forms used by various parties to partnership projects is analyzed. To fulfill the task, the participation of potential investors is generalized by three sources of funding: state budget funds, local budget funds and other sources that include all extrabudgetary financial resources (own resources of program participants, businesses and individuals related to project implementation results, international organizations, as well as sponsorship and charitable funds, borrowed funds, etc.). Regression models have been constructed to determine the impact of the funding sources involved on the successful implementation of partnership projects in different areas (programs in economic, social and environmental areas are considered separately). Based on the modelling results, the elasticity coefficient has been calculated, which shows the extent to which the attraction of an individual funding source influences the success of the program. Conclusions are made on the extent to which the increase (or decrease) of the share of funding from a single source affects the success of the program in a certain area

scholarly journals The impact of migration on the competitiveness of the region and industry development

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kotenko ◽  
Hanna Shvindina ◽  
Iryna Heiets
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Foreign Earnings ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Indicator

The impact of migration on Ukraine is multifaceted. It increases the threat of depopulation, leads to losing a part of the labour and intellectual potential, and thus, may become a factor inhibiting economic development. Today, there is a shortage of workers in almost all activities, especially in industry and construction. At the same time, according to scientists, in the absence of migration, unemployment in Ukraine would be 36.7% higher. Due to foreign earnings, the quality of life in migrant households is improving. Increasing consumer demand can contribute to the economic development of both individual regions and the country as a whole. This article aims to analyse the impact of migration processes on the regional competitiveness. Social, economic, and demographic factors should be taken into account when forming a comprehensive indicator of regional competitiveness. There is a need to evaluate the weight of individual factors and the mechanism of their impact on a comprehensive indicator of the regional competitiveness. Considering the findings of previous studies, the important role of industrial enterprises in assessing the level of regions' competitiveness is emphasized; it is necessary to study in more detail the relationship of migration processes and industrial potential of the region/country.

scholarly journals RESPONS ANAK-ANAK MIGRAN TERHADAP MIGRASI INTERNASIONAL DI PERDESAAN PONOROGO

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Purwatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Family ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
The Impact

Children being left behind by their parents whose migrating are vulnerable to face social problems. Several studies noted the negative impact on migration on the children, but some positive impact on the household prosperity were gained as well. Even though it has the negative impact, international migration has an increasing tendency to become one of the efforts to boost the household economy. This article uses data from CHAMPSEA (Child Health and Migrant Parents in South East Asia) Study which underlined the importance to know the child’s condition as the impact of international migration phenomena towards the family they left behind. Study showed that children being left by migrated parents, especially fathers, gave more positive responses, but those being left by mothers or both of the parents gave more negative responses. Nevertheless, those children apparently had desire to do migration abroad just as their parents did. Apparently the surrounding of the migrants and the better economy of migrant households had in uenced the children to do migration and work abroad as well. 

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