Initiation as a Factor and the Way of Social and Gender Identitfication

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Natalia Ksenofontova ◽  
Nina Grishina
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
And Gender

The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the most important institutions of traditional society – the initiatives that scientists refer to the so-called rites of passage of boys and girls in the age class of men and women. The authors show on numerous examples of different African ethnic groups that initiations are a significant cultural phenomenon as a factor and a way of social and gender identification. Despite the fact that this custom on the continent is observed in some tribes and peoples still, while maintaining its cultural and social significance, it has many opponents not only among feminists, but also representatives of the official authorities and politicians. The article provides statistical data on the spread of this ritual in various countries of modern Africa and analyzes the documents of governments and international organizations designed to combat this archaic phenomenon.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE CEPHALOMETRIC PROFILE OF UKRAINIAN YOUTH BY METHODS OF RICKETTS R. M., BURSTONE C. J. AND HARVOLD E. P.

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6(46)) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Dmitriev M. O. ◽  
Chernysh A. V. ◽  
Gunas I. V.
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

In the article, on the basis of the previous metric characteristics of craniofacial structures using methods of Ricketts R. M., Burstone C. J. and Harvold E. P. in Ukrainian young men and women with orthognathic bite, the features of the cephalometric profile of Ukrainian young men and women were analyzed in comparison with the values of analogical indices of the data determined by the authors of these techniques on residents of other populations and ethnic groups. The established features of the cephalometric characteristics of the juvenile Ukrainian population confirm the need for the creation and further study of normative cephalometric data for various ethnic, age and gender groups of the population.

Treatment and partner notification outcomes for gonorrhoea: effect of ethnicity and gender

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Apoola ◽  
Isabelle Mantella ◽  
Mari Wotton ◽  
Keith Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Gonococcal Infection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

We assessed if gender and ethnicity were associated with differences in the number of patients satisfactorily treated and number of partners successfully treated for genital gonococcal infection by reviewing 400 cases. There were no differences in the rates of satisfactory treatment of gonorrhoea between men and women and the different ethnic groups. There was no difference in satisfactory partner treatment rates by ethnic origin; however, men were less likely to have their contacts satisfactorily treated within 28 days of diagnosis (odds ratio=0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.3–0.7). This inequality may lead to difficulties in reducing the number of new gonorrhoea cases. More research is needed to find out why men behave differently from women regarding partner notification for genital gonorrhoea infection.

Reactions to anti-male sexism claims: The moderating roles of status-legitimizing belief endorsement and group identification

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara L. Wilkins ◽  
Joseph D. Wellman ◽  
Katherine D. Schad
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
High Status ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender

Men increasingly identify as victims of gender discrimination, but it is unclear how people react to men who claim to be victims of gender bias. We examined how status-legitimizing belief endorsement (SLBs) and gender identification (GID) moderated men and women’s reactions to a man who claimed to have lost a promotion because of anti-male sexism or another cause. Consistent with theory that claiming bias against high-status groups reinforces the status hierarchy, SLB endorsement was associated with more positive reactions toward an anti-male bias claimant for both men and women. Group identification, in contrast, affects group-specific concerns and thus differentially predicted male and female participants’ reactions. Men evaluated the claimant more positively the more strongly they identified with their gender. The more women identified with their gender, the more negatively they evaluated the male claimant. We also demonstrated that SLBs and GID moderated the extent to which the claimant was perceived as sexist. We discuss how these reactions may perpetuate gender inequality.

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2054-2069
Author(s):  
Brandon Merritt ◽  
Tessa Bent
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Speech Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Speech Naturalness

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers. Method Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity/femininity rating task. Results Transfeminine and transmasculine speakers were rated as significantly less natural sounding than cisgender speakers. Speakers rated as less natural took longer to identify and were identified less accurately in the gender identification task; furthermore, they were rated as less prototypically masculine/feminine. Conclusions Perceptual speech naturalness for both transfeminine and transmasculine speakers is strongly associated with gender cues in spontaneous speech. Training to align a speaker's voice with their gender identity may concurrently improve perceptual speech naturalness. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12543158

The Relationship between Body Image and Exercise Adherence in Fitness Centre Exercising Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (80) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Jankauskienė ◽  
Brigita Miežienė
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Physique Anxiety ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Relationship

Research background and hypothesis. The analysis of factors which might infl uence exercise adherence is important issue for physical activity promotion. Studies show that exercisers’ body image is important factor associated with well being, exercise motivation and specifi c exercise–related behaviour.Research aim was is to examine the relationship between exercise adherence, body image and social physique anxiety in a sample of fi tness centre participants. Research methods. Members of fi tness centres (n = 217, 66 of them were women) provided their answers on exercise experience, in three subscales (appearance evaluation, appearance orientation and overweight preoccupation) of The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS; Brown et al., 1990) and Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS; Hart et al., 1989). Mean age of the sample was 29.02 (9.85) years (range = 18–68 years).Research results. Women demonstrated higher appearance orientation, overweight preoccupation and social physique anxiety compared to men. However, we observed no signifi cant differences in appearance evaluation, appearance orientation and overweight preoccupation in the groups of different exercise experience of men and women. When overweight respondents (≥ 25 kg / m²) were excluded from the analysis, there were no statistically signifi cant differences observed in body image and social physique anxiety in exercise experience groups of men and women. Exercising longer than 6 years signifi cantly predicted overweight preoccupation [95% CI: 1.25–16.94] controlled by age and gender. Discussion and conclusions. Exercising men demonstrated more positive body image and lower social physique anxiety compared to women, except for appearance evaluation. There were observed no body image and social physique relationships with exercise adherence observed in the sample of fi tness centre participants, however, exercise experience longer than 6 years predicted overweight preoccupation.Keywords: body image concerns, exercise experience, self-presentation.

Who’s holding up the sky? On Rymba, a novel by A. Bushkovsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Flood Zone ◽  
The Social ◽  
Russian North ◽  
And Gender

The article deals with A. Bushkovsky’s novel Rymba that goes beyond the topics typical of Russian North prose. Rather than limiting himself to admiring nature and Russian character, the author portrays the northern Russian village of Rymba in the larger context of the country’s mentality, history, mythology, and gender politics. In the novel, myth clashes with reality, history with the present day, and an individual with the state. The critic draws a comparison between the novel and the traditions of village prose and Russian North prose. In particular, Bushkovsky’s Rymba is discussed alongside V. Rasputin’s Farewell to Matyora [ Proshchanie s Matyoroy ] and R. Senchin’s The Flood Zone [ Zona zatopleniya ]. The novel’s central question is: what keeps the Russian world afloat? Depicting the Christian faith as such a bulwark, Bushkovsky links atheism with the social and spiritual roles played by contemporary men and women. The critic argues, however, that the reliance on Christianity in the novel verges on an affectation. The book’s main symbol is a drowning hawk: it perishes despite people’s efforts to save it.

Integrating gender in rice research

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
BN Sadangi ◽  
Biswajit Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Planning Project ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
And Gender

Gender mainstreaming in agriculture is new trend to address the inequalities of resources and work participation between men and women for ensuring equity in gender. Though women constitute about half of the total agricultural labour, their access to resources as well as decision making power is limited. Particularly, women in rice-based farming system though undertake hard work, own or share very limited resources and benefits in comparison to other systems. Various needs of women, while undertake research and technologies developed should be addressed appropriately through gender focussed planning, project implementation, monitoring as well as impact assessment. A systematic understanding and capacity building of the planners, researchers, development and extension machineries on innovative mechanism and gender sensitive perspectives would bring socioeconomic upliftment of not only women but the whole society.

A History of the Present

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Desai ◽  
Goolam Vahed
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Transnational Organizations ◽  
Intellectual Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fitting In

While small in number, the place of the Indian in South Africa has historically loomed large because of their strong commercial and professional middle class, international influence through India, the commitment of many Indians to the anti-apartheid struggle and the prominent role that they have played in political and economic life post-apartheid. A History of the Present is the first book-length overview of Indian South Africans in the quarter century following the end of apartheid. Based on oral interviews and archival research it threads a narrative of the lives of Indian South Africans that ranges from the working class men and women to the heady heights of the newly minted billionaires; the changes wrought in the fields of religion and gender; opportunities offered on the sporting fields; the search for roots both locally and in India that also witnesses the rise of transnational organizations. Indians in South Africa appear to be always caught in an infernal contradiction; too traditional, too insular, never fitting in, while also too modern, too mobile. While focusing on Indian South Africans, this study makes critical interventions into several charged political discussions in post-apartheid South Africa, especially the debate over race and identity, while also engaging in discussions of wider intellectual interest, including diaspora, nation, and citizenship.

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