scholarly journals The Preregistration Revolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Charles R. Ebersole ◽  
Alexander Carl DeHaven ◽  
David Thomas Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
Hypothesis Generation ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Ideal

Progress in science relies on generating hypotheses with existing observations and testing hypotheses with new observations. This distinction between postdiction and prediction is appreciated conceptually, but is not respected in practice. Mistaking generation of postdictions with testing of predictions reduces the credibility of research findings. However, ordinary biases in human reasoning such as hindsight bias make it hard to avoid this mistake. An effective solution is to define the research questions and analysis plan prior to observing the research outcomes--a process called preregistration. A variety of practical strategies are available to make the best possible use of preregistration in circumstances that fall short of the ideal application, such as when the data are pre-existing. Services are now available for preregistration across all disciplines facilitating a rapid increase in the practice. Widespread adoption of preregistration will increase distinctiveness between hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing and will improve the credibility of research findings.

scholarly journals The preregistration revolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 2600-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Charles R. Ebersole ◽  
Alexander C. DeHaven ◽  
David T. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
Hypothesis Generation ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Ideal

Progress in science relies in part on generating hypotheses with existing observations and testing hypotheses with new observations. This distinction between postdiction and prediction is appreciated conceptually but is not respected in practice. Mistaking generation of postdictions with testing of predictions reduces the credibility of research findings. However, ordinary biases in human reasoning, such as hindsight bias, make it hard to avoid this mistake. An effective solution is to define the research questions and analysis plan before observing the research outcomes—a process called preregistration. Preregistration distinguishes analyses and outcomes that result from predictions from those that result from postdictions. A variety of practical strategies are available to make the best possible use of preregistration in circumstances that fall short of the ideal application, such as when the data are preexisting. Services are now available for preregistration across all disciplines, facilitating a rapid increase in the practice. Widespread adoption of preregistration will increase distinctiveness between hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing and will improve the credibility of research findings.

The Hypothesis-Testing Game: A Training Tool for the Graduate Interviewing Skills Course

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Rickard ◽  
Robert W. Titley
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Student Ratings ◽  
Hypothesis Generation ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Interviewing Skills

This article describes an interviewing game used in a graduate-level interviewing skills course. The goal of the game is to teach basic components of the interviewing process such as comfort with the interview, microcounseling skills, hypothesis generation, and hypothesis testing. The instructor plays the part of a client and is interviewed by two teams of students. Roles of students in the game and game procedure are explained. Favorable student ratings and positive feedback have been received.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Gatrell ◽  
Esther Dermott
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Research Relationships ◽  
The Impact

This introductory chapter explains how different research questions and methods can contribute to better understanding of contemporary fathers, fatherhood, and fathering. Given the enhanced methodological diversity and increased sophistication of methods across the social sciences, embracing qualitative and quantitative approaches, traditional (such as interviewing) and contemporary approaches (such as netnography and visual methods), and general ‘handbooks’ offering basic introductions to social research have limited use for advanced researchers and students. The book aims to link detailed concerns about conducting individual projects to wider methodological debates concerning the value of different forms and sources of data, the negotiation of research relationships, and the impact of research findings on participants, policy makers, employers, and a wider public.

The automatic identification of lexical variation between language varieties

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES PEIRSMAN ◽  
DIRK GEERAERTS ◽  
DIRK SPEELMAN
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Terminology Extraction ◽  
Lexical Variation ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Automatic Retrieval ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Ideal Framework ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractLanguages are not uniform. Speakers of different language varieties use certain words differently – more or less frequently, or with different meanings. We argue that distributional semantics is the ideal framework for the investigation of such lexical variation. We address two research questions and present our analysis of the lexical variation between Belgian Dutch and Netherlandic Dutch. The first question involves a classic application of distributional models: the automatic retrieval of synonyms. We use corpora of two different language varieties to identify the Netherlandic Dutch synonyms for a set of typically Belgian words. Second, we address the problem of automatically identifying words that are typical of a given lect, either because of their high frequency or because of their divergent meaning. Overall, we show that distributional models are able to identify more lectal markers than traditional keyword methods. Distributional models also have a bias towards a different type of variation. In summary, our results demonstrate how distributional semantics can help research in variational linguistics, with possible future applications in lexicography or terminology extraction.

scholarly journals MAPPING THE CONCEPT OF A GOOD SCHOOL WITH TEACHERS’ CHARACTERISTICS IN THE CONTEXT OF A GOOD SCHOOL CONCEPT

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Roma KRIAUČIŪNIENĖ ◽  
VILIJA TARGAMADZĖ
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
General Education ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Good School ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
School Concept

Aim. The concept of Good School was formed in 2015, however, the implementation of it has been rather slow. Therefore, the research aim of this article is to identify the educational experts’ viewpoints on the concept. The following questions have been raised to specify the aim: if the concept of the school of general education, presented as Good School, is adequately understood, what features should a teacher have in order to implement the concept of Good School? Methods. To answer the research questions a qualitative research by using structured interviews was carried out, i.e. experts’ written surveys were analyzed. The study revealed three positions that are discussed in this article: the concept of Good School, the mission and teachers’ features, which are interpreted in the context of the concept of Good School, albeit in a particular way. Results. The analysis of the empirical research data revealed that insufficient emphasis is placed on the value aspect, modelling of community-based school activities and their reflection. The research findings also showed that there has been a considerable lack of attention paid to some of the teacher's competences – there has been a lack of experts’ focus on the personalization of the educational content, its construction in the interaction with the elements of the pedagogical system, the reflection of pedagogical activities, and others. Conclusions. The concept of Good School is understood by the experts as a map, a conceptual idea, a guideline unfolding the schools’ specificity. The implementation of the concept of Good School should be based on the ideas of constructionism  that open the pathways of common  development,  realization, and improvement of Good School.

scholarly journals Editorial Foreword

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. viii-viii
Author(s):  
Muhamad Abdul Aziz Ab Gani ◽  
◽  
Ishak Ramli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Art Design ◽  
Global Initiatives

We are very pleased that IDEALOGY JOURNAL, Journal of Arts and Social Science is presenting its 6th volume and 2nd issue. We are also very excited that the journal has been attracting papers from a variety of advanced and emerging countries such as Indonesia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, etc. The variety of submissions from such countries will help the aimed global initiatives of the journal. We are also delighted that the researchers from the Arts and Social Science fields demonstrate an interest to share their research with the readers of this journal. This issue of Journal of Arts and Social Science contains five outstanding articles which shed light on contemporary research questions in arts and social science fields. All the 13 papers of this issue studies the are discussing about culture, art, design, technology, creativity and art & design innovation. There is also discussion about art, design and culture in various area. In this issue, most of the articles are discussing on the topic of arts and the social science. In social science it is very important to have a combination of different discipline to ensure the survival of knowledge. By combining knowledge from different fields, it could produce new innovation that could lead to solutions to many important problems or issues. Hence Idealogy Journal of Arts and Social Sciences is a platform for many fields of knowledge to share research findings as well as literatures. As we were aware at the first issue, a journal needs commitment, not only from editors but also from editorial boards and the contributors. Without the support of our editorial board, we would not dare to start and continue. Special thanks, also, go to the contributors of the journal for their trust, patience and timely revisions. We continue welcome article submissions in all fields of arts and social sciences.

scholarly journals A Systematic Study for Big Data Stream Processing Frameworks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ali Yazici ◽  
Ziya Karakaya ◽  
Mohammed Alayyoub
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Data Stream ◽  
Stream Processing ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Processing Framework

The choice of the most effective stream processing framework (SPF) for Big Data has been an important issue among the researchers and practioners. Each of the SPFs has different cutting edge technologies in their steps of processing the data in motion that gives them a better advantage over the others. Even though, these technologies used in each SPF might better them, it is still difficult to conclude which framework berforms better under different scenarios and conditions. In this paper, we aim to show trends and differences about several SPFs for Big Data by using the so called Systematic Mapping (SM) approach using the related research outcomes. To achieve this objective, nine research questions (RQs) were raised, in which 91 studies that were conducted between 2010 and 2015 were evaluated. We present the trends by classifying the research on SPFs with respect to the proposed RQs which can direct researchers in getting an state-of-art overview of the field.

scholarly journals Strategies of SMM Management, Comparison of Instagram and Facebook Social Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ramis Akhmedov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Crm System ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Short Time ◽  
A Company ◽  
Potential Customers ◽  
The Ideal

<p class="Default">SMM occupies an important role in the lives of people and so many people are represented in social networks, it provides the ideal platform for companies so they can communicate with their current and potential customers. This study continues to explore how companies can use social media marketing to build and maintain relationships with customers. This investigates through conducted research questions. How SMM is effective in terms of CRM? Can Facebook replace CRM system? Why do people choose to follow a company on Instagram? To analyze more clearly the focus will be on Instagram and Facebook applications, which in a short time acquired great popularity among private users as well as among the companies. The purpose of this study is to indicate the integration of customer relationship management (CRM) with social media marketing (SMM) strategies, and defines its benefits for business.</p><p class="Default"> </p>

scholarly journals The applicability of the 'Japanese management style', to the South African context: Preliminary Research

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Linda Human ◽  
Leonie Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Management Style ◽  
South African Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Japanese Management ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
African Context ◽  
Research Questions

This introductory study of the applicability of the 'Japanese management style' to the South African context highlights a number of important issues relating to the study of Japanese economic progress and to the applicability of 'Japanese management methods to other contexts. It also questions the often-held assumption that the so-called 'Japanese methods' are so very different from those employed in the West.This article subsequently takes a look at the core workforce in Japan in relation to some research findings with regard to certain South African companies within which quality control circles are in use or are planned for the future. In so doing, it highlights certain problems relating not only to the delimitation of the 'Japanese' style but also its applicability to a context of cultural heterogeneity. In other words, this research questions the extent to which techniques of management which have proved successful in a relatively stable, equal, homogeneous and educated culture can be applied in a culturally and educationally heterogeneous society in which one particular group dominates the remainder.

scholarly journals Science communication between researchers and policy makers. Reflections from a European project

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. C07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Rodari ◽  
Karen Bultitude ◽  
Karen Desborough
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
European Project ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

The SCOOP project aimed to maximise the potential for the transfer of research findings into policy using European-funded socio-economic sciences and humanities research. The project incorporated a News Alert Service to communicate policy-relevant elements of research findings to interested stakeholders. It also sought to further develop the skills of researchers to effectively communicate research outcomes to policy makers through a programme of Masterclasses. A series of evaluation surveys were held to both tailor the project outputs to the target audiences, and to measure the impact of project actions on the interactions between SSH researchers and policy makers. Both SCOOP elements were well received, with evidence of improved communication, utilisation of SSH research by policy makers, and greater awareness and proactivity on the part of the researchers. More generally, interviews and questionnaire findings demonstrated that mediators play a crucial role: various intermediaries and interpreters work between policy makers and researchers to put in context the research outcomes and convey information through dedicated channels and formalised processes as well as informal, fluid processes.

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