scholarly journals Lampiran 1E Paper Nitrogen removal from sewage and septage in constructed wetland mesocosms using sand media amended with biochar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Media ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Wetland Mesocosms

Biochar has been identified as a media amendment to improve nutrient removal from wastewater, and N retention and plant growth in agroforestry. It therefore has the potential for treating domestic wastewater. The aim of this research was to compare nitrogen removal and plant growth in pure sand and sand amended with biochar, in wetland mesocosms (240 L) receiving sewage. There were seven media treatments based on the proportions of biochar in the sand media (100% sand, sand and coir peat, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25% biochar). The plant species were Paperback tree (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). The mesocosms were continuously loaded for 8 months with secondary clarified wastewater (SCW) (16 L/day). Septage was then intermittently loaded (20 L/2 days) for a further 8 months. Inflow and outflow samples were monitored for TN, NH4-N, and NOx-N. All treatments showed good nitrogen removal efficiency. Average removal efficiencies of TN, NOx-N and NH4-N in the mesocosms loaded with SCW ranged from 71 to 87%, 81 to 93% and 65 to 79%, for 100% Sand to 25% Biochar respectively. For septage, the removal efficiencies ranged from 63 to 81%, 69 to 87% and 66 to 81%, for 100% Sand to 25% Biochar respectively. Significant differences of nitrogen outflow concentrations were ob?served between pure sand and sand amended with biochar. Physical chemical properties of the biochar would have facilitated microbial processes and adsorption. Strong positive correlations were observed between biochar content in the media and nitrogen removal rates. The increased nitrogen removal may be attributed to higher mineralisation of organic nitrogen and NH4-N, especially in the case of septage where strong correlation was observed between BOD5 and TN removal. Total N biomass in the plants harvested after 21 months ranged from 13.4–14.0 g N. The addition of biochar did not increase plant N biomass in either species

scholarly journals Lampiran 1D paper Phosphorus removal from secondary sewage and septage using sand media amended with biochar in constructed wetland mesocosms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Media ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Wetland Mesocosms ◽  
Better Than

To improve the performance efficiency of subsurface constructed wetlands (CWs), a variety of media have been tested. Recently, there has been a rising interest in biochar. This research aims to develop the effectiveness of sand media amended with biochar and two plants species (Melaleuca quinquenervia and Cymbopogon citratus) in removing phosphorus from sewage effluent in CWs. The experimental design consisted of vertical flow (VF) mesocosms with seven media treatments based on the proportions of biochar in the sand media which ranged from 0 to 25% by volume. During the first 8 months, the mesocosms were loaded with secondary clarified wastewater (SCW) then septage was used for the remaining 8 months. Inflow and outflow were monitored for total phosphorus (TP) and PO4-P. Plants were harvested at the end of the experiment and TP biomass was determined. Removal efficiencies of TP in the mesocosms loaded with SCW and septage ranged from 42 to 91% and 30 to 83%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of PO4-P ranged from 43 to −92% and 35 to 85% for SCW and septage, respectively. The results revealed that the sand media performed better than the biochar-amended media; increasing the proportion of biochar in the media decreased removal efficiency of phosphorus. However, after flushing due to major rain event, there was no significant difference between sand and sand augmented with 20% biochar

Simultaneous organic stabilization and nitrogen removal in multi-stage biodrum system

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
C. Chiemchaisri ◽  
C. Liamsangoun
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

This paper presents the performance of a multi-stage biodrum system applied to domestic wastewater treatment. The organic stabilization and nitrogen removal efficiency in the system was investigated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 12, 6 and 3 hours. The rotational speed of the biodrum was examined at 2,4 and 8 rpm. Average organic removal efficiencies in the system at different HRTs of 12, 6 and 3 hours were 96.3, 94.4 and 90.9%. Simultaneously, average nitrogen removal efficiencies were 91.5, 90.6 and 81.0%. The effect of rotational speed on nitrogen removal efficiencies in the system was clearly observed at a low HRT of 3 hours. The experimental results suggested that optimum HRT in the system was 6 hours. Moreover, they revealed that nitrogen removal efficiencies in the reactors operated at different rotational speed were in the same degree when considering the effluent nitrogen concentration. However, the reactors operated at lower rotational speed needed to employ higher numbers of biodrums (4 stages) than the others with higher rotational speed (3 and 2 stages at 4 and 8 rpm.) in order to achieve similar effluent qualities. At a rotational speed of 2 rpm, maximum nitrogen removal rate was found to be 0.2 kg/m3/d.

In-situ monitoring of microbial biomass in wetland mesocosms

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McHenry ◽  
A. Werker
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Biomass Monitoring ◽  
Wetland Mesocosms

The objective of the present investigation has been to combine tracer principles and a hydrolytic microbial activity assay using fluorescein diacetate to monitor changes in microbial biomass within subsurface flow wetland mesocosms. The mesocosm hydrolytic activity was referenced to activated sludge concentrations treating a typical domestic wastewater at full scale. Microbial biomass activity levels within four laboratory wetland mesocosms treating a synthetic domestic wastewater were routinely monitored over a 21-week period of plant growth and rhizosphere development. Although above ground plant mass and tracer dispersion numbers suggested progressive root zone development, plant growth did not result in any measurable enhancement in microbial activity when compared to a mesocosm operating without plants. Dispersion numbers also suggested a reduction in the mass transport kinetics in these planted mesocosms. In-situ biomass monitoring enabled the assessment of a characteristic response in terms of the steady-state food to microorganism (F/M) ratio that was observed in mesocosms receiving both low and high organic loading. Wetland treatment performance is sensitive to the degree to which bed volume is exploited in terms of wastewater flow to regions of bioactivity. The in-situ reactive tracer technique for mesocosm biomass monitoring provided an assessment of the collective substratum and rhizosphere microbial biomass in direct contact with wastewater contaminants. Thus, in-situ biomass monitoring has application in further understanding of plant function and strategies for plant implementation in wetland research and development.

scholarly journals An investigation into the effectiveness of sand media amended with biochar to remove BOD5, suspended solids and coliforms using wetland mesocosms

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1536-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. de Rozari ◽  
M. Greenway ◽  
A. El Hanandeh
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
The Media ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Better Than

Constructed wetland ecotechnologies (CWEs) are a promising solution to effectively treat domestic wastewater in developing countries at low cost. This paper reports the findings of the effectiveness of sand media amended with woody biochar and two plants species (Melaleuca quinquenervia and Cymbopogon citratus) in removing biological oxygen demand (BOD5), suspended solids and coliforms. The experimental design consisted of 21 vertical flow (VF) mesocosms. There were seven media treatments using sand amended with varying proportions of biochar. During the first 8 months, the mesocosms were loaded with secondary clarified wastewater (SCW) then septage. The influent had a 4-day hydraulic retention time. Samples were monitored for BOD5, total suspended solids (TSS), total volatile solids (TVS), total coliforms and faecal coliforms. In the first 8 months, there were no significant performance differences between media treatments in the outflow concentrations of BOD5, TSS and TVS. The significant differences occurred during the last 3 months; using septage with biochar additions performed better than pure sand. For coliforms, the significant differences occurred after 6 months. In conclusion, the addition of biochar was not effective for SCW. The VF mesocosms system proved to be more effective in removing BOD5, TSS, TVS and coliforms when septage was loaded into the media.

Influence of primary sedimentation on pre-denitrification system performances

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Esposito ◽  
C. Bastianutti ◽  
G. Bortone ◽  
F. Pirozzi ◽  
S. Sgroi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total N ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The effects of suppressing primary sedimentation on nitrogen removal efficiency of a pre-denitrification system have been evaluated for a large municipal wastewater treatment plant. Simulations have been carried out using the STOAT model. For both the process schemes with and without primary sedimentation, nitrification efficiencies are calculated for increasing influent loads of COD, total N and suspended solids. The sensitivity analysis shows that for the usual carbon to nitrogen ratios in the raw influent both the process schemes allow the requested removal efficiencies, whereas for significantly high C/N ratios the scheme with primary sedimentation is preferable.

scholarly journals Impact of Soil Chemical Properties on the Growth Promotion Ability of Trichoderma ghanense, T. tomentosum and Their Complex on Rye in Different Land-Use Systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Danguolė Bridžiuvienė ◽  
Vita Raudonienė ◽  
Jurgita Švedienė ◽  
Algimantas Paškevičius ◽  
Ieva Baužienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Total N ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
The Impact

Microbial-based biostimulants that increase plant performance and ensure sustainable restoration of degraded soils are of great importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the growth promotion ability of indigenous Trichoderma ghanense, T. tomentosum and their complex on early rye seedlings in sustained grassland and arable soil. The impact of soil chemical properties on the ability of selected Trichoderma strains and their complex to promote plant growth was determined by the evaluation of the rye (Secale cereale L.) early seedling growth—measuring the length of shoots and roots as well as their dry weight. Trichoderma species were tested for their ability to produce extracellular degradative enzymes on solid media. Furthermore, the soil properties and CM-cellulase activity of soil were estimated. The indigenous Trichoderma strains possess the capacity to produce enzymes such as peroxidase, laccase, tyrosinase, and endoglucanase. The results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plant growth and the improvement of some soil chemical properties (total N, mobile humic and fulvic acids, exchangeable K2O, soil CM-cellulase activity) in inoculated soils when compared to the control. The growth of the roots of rye seedlings in sustained grassland was enhanced when T. tomentosum was applied (p = 0.005). There was an increase in total weight and shoot weight of rye seedlings when T. ghanense was used in the arable soil (p = 0.014 and p = 0.024). The expected beneficial effect of Trichoderma spp. complex on rye growth promotion was not observed in any tested soil. The results could find application in the development of new and efficient biostimulants, since not only do physiological characteristics of fungi play an important role but also the quality of the soil has an impact.

Development of a land limited wastewater treatment plant for small and rural communities in the tropics

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
P. Y. Yang ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
T. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Actual Wastewater

The treatment systems for strict and moderate land limited approaches were investigated. Both synthetic glucose and actual wastewater (domestic wastewater) were studied. For the strict land limited approach, a packed entrapped mixed microbial cell (PEMMC) process using cellulose triacetate as the polymer carrier was tested for synthetic wastewater. For the moderate land limited approach, a combined aquatic weed on the water surface and a bio-fixed film in the lower portion of the pond system was investigated for both the synthetic and actual wastewater. The actual domestic wastewater was examined in a single pond system with vertical flow under the BOD5 loading rate of 135 Kg/ha/day. BOD5 and nitrogen removal efficiencies of more than 85% and 70%, respectively, were received. The glucose synthetic wastewater was examined in a single pond system with horizontal flow at a BOD5 loading rate of 130 Kg/ha/day. BOD5 and nitrogen removal efficiencies of 92% and 60%, respectively, were received. For the strict land limited treatment approach, it was found that more than 90% and 85% of soluble COD and total COD (including effluent suspended solid), respectively, could be removed at the loading rate of 1.6 g COD/L/day. The hydraulic retention time of 3.5 hours and the influent COD concentration of 200-250 mg/L were maintained and operated. This is comparable with the process performance of the conventional activated sludge for treating the domestic sewage under the same operational conditions. The PEMMC process also provides the advantages of maintaining a high SRT (Solid Retention Time) without external sludge recycling and a short starting period of less than 10 days. Application of the present two systems will be dependent on the land and/or energy requirement. It is appropriate to use the treatment system of combining the aquatic plant with the bio-fixed film for moderately available land and in tropical areas. A strict land limited treatment system, of course, requires additional energy input.

scholarly journals Lampiran 1C Paper An investigation into the effectiveness of sand media amended with biochar to remove BOD5, suspended solids and coliforms using wetland mesocosms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
The Media ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Better Than

Constructed wetland ecotechnologies (CWEs) are a promising solution to effectively treat domestic wastewater in developing countries at low cost. This paper reports the findings of the effectiveness of sand media amended with woody biochar and two plants species (Melaleuca quinquenervia and Cymbopogon citratus) in removing biological oxygen demand (BOD5), suspended solids and coliforms. The experimental design consisted of 21 vertical flow (VF) mesocosms. There were seven media treatments using sand amended with varying proportions of biochar. During the first 8 months, the mesocosms were loaded with secondary clarified wastewater (SCW) then septage. The influent had a 4-day hydraulic retention time. Samples were monitored for BOD5, total suspended solids (TSS), total volatile solids (TVS), total coliforms and faecal coliforms. In the first 8 months, there were no significant performance differences between media treatments in the outflow concentrations of BOD5, TSS and TVS. The significant differences occurred during the last 3 months; using septage with biochar additions performed better than pure sand. For coliforms, the significant differences occurred after 6 months. In conclusion, the addition of biochar was not effective for SCW. The VF mesocosms system proved to be more effective in removing BOD5, TSS, TVS and coliforms when septage was loaded into the media.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Some Physical-Chemical Properties and Nutrient Content of Wheat Cultivating Soils of Büyük Menderes Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2272-2277
Author(s):  
Seda Erdoğan Bayram
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Available P ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Total N ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study was conducted to examine the soil fertility of the Büyük Menderes Basin, where wheat is widely cultivated. Soil samples were taken from 50 different points at a depth of 0-30 cm and various physical and chemical properties and amounts of nutrient elements were determined. With regard to the results of the study, the soils were generally sandy-clay-loam in texture, with slightly alkaline reaction, limy, rich in organic matter and showed no risk of salinity. The examined soils were found to be insufficient as 34% for total N, 14% for available K, 26% Mg, 10% Fe, 94% Zn and 98% Mn contents while all of the soils were determined as sufficient in terms of available P, Cu and Ca contents. When relationships between nutrient elements and soil physical-chemical properties were examined, negative correlations were found between soil pH and EC, organic matter, total N, available K, Zn; lime contents and available Mg, Fe, Cu; clay and available K and Mn contents. The positive correlations were found between EC and available K, Ca and Zn; organic matter % and total N, available K, Cu, Zn and Mn; sand % and available Mn; clay % and available Fe contents. Investigation of relationships between plant nutrients demonstrated that, there were positive correlations between total N and available K, Cu, Zn, Mn; available P and Zn; available K and Cu, Zn, Mn; available Ca and Fe; available Mg and Fe, Cu; available Fe and Cu, Mn; available Cu and Mn contents. The results of the study showed that attention should be paid to fertilization programs to fertilization with Zn and Mn, which were found to be insufficient in the greater part of the basin’s soils, and also to nitrogen deficiency is observed, as this directly affects the protein content of wheat.

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