Tafsiran Surat Filipi: Sebuah Analisis Colon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Pivot Point

Tulisan ini adalah salah satu upaya penulis untuk mengembangkan studitafsir dengan pendekatan linguistik di Indonesia. Penulis memilih pendekatananalisis wacana (discourse analysis). Model analisis wacana yang digunakanadalah analisis colon yang diperkenalkan oleh Johanes P. Louw. Output tulisanini adalah struktur dan tema surat Filipi yang dapat memberikan kontribusipemikiran teologis. Pendekatan analisis colon menekankan semantik. Didalam semantik, arti atau meaning di dalam teks melampaui kata, frasa, dankalimat (struktur mikro teks) itu sendiri sehingga fokus analisis teks harussampai kepada keseluruhan wacana (struktur makro teks). Struktur makroteks melingkupi meaning struktur mikro teks. Seorang penulis menulis teksmulai dari ide wacana yang kemudian secara sadar membangun ide tersebutdalam bentuk struktur mikro teks yang dipilihnya. Tesisnya adalah menemukanmeaning (deep structure) melalui analisis teks asli (surface structure). Dalam analisiscolon, struktur makro teks paling penting adalah paragraf yang merupakan satuunit semantis yang dibangun dari beberapa kelompok colon (clusters) dan ataucolons. Arti kata, frasa, klausa, dan kalimat tidak lepas dari isi semantis paragrafyang mewadahinya. Sementara, banyak analisis atau interpretasi teks lain lebihmemprioritaskan penafsiran struktur mikro teks daripada struktur makro teks.Unit semantis dalam bentuk paragraf akan dianalisis dengan beberapacara. Pertama, membuat struktur colon (syntactic structure) dari setiap unitsemantis. Pengelompokan kata akan terlihat di dalam struktur colon. Kedua,membuat terjemahan literal. Ketiga, mencari isi semantis dari setiap colon ataukelompok (cluster) colon dengan analisis kata, frasa, dan colon. Hasil analisisisi semantis adalah terjemahan dinamis atau deep structure. Keempat, mencarihubungan semantis di antara colon atau kelompok colon di dalam satu unit semantis yang sama. Kelima, menentukan tema atau ide utama (the pivot point)unit semantis. Keenam, membuat konsep teologis yang merupakan penjelasanlebih lanjut dari tema tersebut. Ketujuh, membuat struktur dan tema surat Filipisebagai satu wacana. Unit semantis dalam bentuk kata, frasa, dan colon akandianalisis dengan kategori semantis (semantic category), pengelompokan kata(grouping of words atau immediate constituents), dan transformasi struktur luar(surface structure) ke struktur dalam (deep structure).Analisis colon surat Filipi akan dibagi menjadi 16 unit semantis dalambentuk paragraf. Paragraf-paragrafnya adalah sebagai berikut: 1:1–2, 1:3–8,1:9–11, 1:12–26, 1:27–30, 2:1–4, 2:5–11, 2:12–18, 2:19–30, 3:1, 3:2–11, 3:12–16,3:17–21, 4:1–9, 4:10–20, dan 4:21–23. Surat ini bersifat personal dan tidak formalsecara struktur. Paulus bergerak dari satu ide utama ke ide utama lain sepertiterlihat pada struktur berikut ini. Melihat struktur berikut ini, peneliti dapatmengambil kesimpulan bahwa surat ini menekankan dua hal pokok yang dapatdisebut tema surat ini, yakni berbagai perhatian dan nasihat situasional Pauluskepada jemaat Filipi.

Analisis Wacana Surat Filemon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Pivot Point ◽  
Structure Unit

Perkembangan studi linguistik di dalam penafsiran teks kitab suci memang masih lambat dan dalam tahap perkembangan. Tulisan ini adalah suatu penelitian untuk mengembangkan studi linguistik di dalam penafsiran teks kitab suci di Indonesia. Penulis memilih studi linguistik dengan pendekatan analisis wacana. Model analisis wacana yang digunakan adalah analisis colon yang diperkenalkan oleh Johanes P. Louw. Sampel teks yang digunakan adalah surat Filemon. Hasil penelitian ini akan mendapatkan struktur dan tema surat Filemon. Pendekatan analisis wacana menekankan semantik. Arti atau makna di dalam teks melampaui kata, frasa, dan kalimat (struktur mikro teks) sehingga fokus analisis sampai kepada keseluruhan wacana (struktur makro teks). Struktur makro teks melingkupi arti dari struktur mikro teks. Seorang penulis menulis teks mulai dari ide wacana yang kemudian secara sadar membangun ide tersebut dari struktur mikro teks yang dipilihnya. Dalam analisis colon, struktur makro teks yang terpenting adalah paragraf yang merupakan satu unit semantis yang dibangun dari beberapa kelompok colon (cluster) dan atau colons. Arti kata, frasa, klausa, dan kalimat tidak lepas dari isi semantis paragraf yang mewadahinya. Sementara, penafsir-penafsir lain lebih memprioritaskan penafsiran struktur mikro teks daripada makro teks. Wacana dianalisis mulai dari paragraf sampai frasa dan kata (top down). Unit semantis dalam bentuk kata, frasa, dan klausa akan dianalisis dengan kategori semantis, pengelompokkan kata (grouping of words atau immediate constituents), dan transformasi struktur luar (surface structure) ke dalam struktur dalam (deep structure). Unit semantis dalam bentuk paragraf akan dianalisis dengan metode analisis colon. Di dalam analisis colon, ada beberapa langkah yang akan diuraikan yaitu pertama, membuat struktur colon (syntactic structure) dari setiap paragraf dan terjemahan literal. Pengelompokkan kata akan terlihat di dalam struktur colon. Kedua, mencari isi semantis dari setiap colon atau kelompok (cluster) dengan menganalisis kata, frasa, dan colon. Ketiga, mencari hubungan semantis di antara colon atau kelompok di dalam satu paragraf yang sama. Keempat, menentukan tema atau ide utama (the pivot point) dari setiap paragraf. Berdasarkan analisis colon, ide utama atau tema surat ini adalah permohonan Rasul Paulus kepada Filemon untuk mengembalikan atau menerima kembali Onesimus sebagai saudara di dalam Kristus. Tema wacana ini menentukan struktur makro dan mikro teks ditulis oleh Rasul Paulus. Rasul Paulus mulai menulis dengan pembukaan yaitu sapaan dan salam kepada Filemon dan seluruh jemaatnya. Kemudian, Rasul Paulus menuliskan dasar permohonannya yaitu iman dan kasih Filemon yang selama ini sudah didengar olehnya. Lalu, Rasul Paulus menuliskan permohonannya bahwa Filemon bisa menerima kembali Onesimus. Terakhir, Rasul Paulus menuliskan penutup yaitu salam dan doa berkat kepada seluruh jemaat. Implikasi pastoral atau teologis yang bisa dipelajari adalah cara iman dan kasih diterapkan secara nyata di dalam persekutuan dan kehidupan seperti pengampunan dan rekonsiliasi relasi dengan orang lain yang sudah berbuat dosa. Pengalaman jatuh ke dalam dosa dan dipulihkan oleh Allah adalah pengalaman yang tidak mungkin dipisahkan dalam hidup ini. Oleh karena itu, persekutuan sesama orang percaya menjadi wadah atau alat anugerah bagi setiap orang percaya menghadapi berbagai godaan dosa. Secara khusus, penulis mengucap terima kasih kepada para mahasiswa STT Soteria Purwokerto terutama mereka yang sudah mengikuti kelas Studi dan Exegesis Perjanjian Baru. Mereka adalah orang (pembaca) pertama yang bersama penulis menggumuli teks ini selama 1 semester. Penulis juga mengucap terima kasih kepada isteri, Rina Mansyur, dan puteri, Filipe File Cendekia atas dukungan yang tiada taranya. Terakhir, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada penerbitan Leutikaprio yang sudah bersedia mengedit dan menerbitkan buku ini.

Meaning and Structure

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Richard Rystrom
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Reading Acquisition ◽  
Beginning Readers ◽  
Reading Teachers ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Reading Behaviors ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
The Relationship

Reading teachers and researchers have frequently assumed there is Some relationship between the syntactic structure of language and the reading acquisition process. Indeed, most methods for teaching reading are implicitly built upon assumptions about the interactions between language and reading behaviors. Often the findings of linguists can be used to suggest the nature of the relationship described above. Illustrated in this paper are different sentences which can be transformed in such a way that each has the same surface structure (typographic appearance) as the others, but which do not have the same meanings (deep structure). The paper illustrates why sentences which have various different meanings implicit in their syntactic structure would be difficult for beginning readers to understand.

ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Elya Munfarida
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Discourse Model ◽  
Discourse Practice ◽  
Domination Relation

Discourse analysis has been a study that attracts many intelectuals of various disciplines to discuss about, generating the emergence of theories of their own perspectives. Many criticisms for the theories also show that intelectuals are more interested in this field leading to make discourse analysis as a multidisciplinary study. Based on this ground, Norman Fairclough seeks to reconstruct discourse theory as a criticism to the existing theories, which tends to be side-emphasis and partial on the basis of their own discipline. Combining three traditions, i.e. linguistic, interpretative, and sociological traditions, he offers a discourse model integrating three dimensions: text, discourse practice, and social practice. Each dimension has its area, process, and analysis model, in which all of them dialectically connect to one another. In addition, Fairclough also formulates another important concept, namely intertextuality, which affirms the interrelation of various texts and discourses to a text. This concept will also create ideological effect of structuration and restructuration of the prevalent discourse order. When power and ideology embed in a discourse, intertextuality will function as a mechanism for maintaining and changing the domination relation.

TEACHER-STUDENTS DISCOURSE IN ENGLISH TEACHING AT HIGH SCHOOL (CLASSROOM DISCOURSE ANALYSIS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Alamsyah Harahap ◽  
Emzir Emzir
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
High School English ◽  
Classroom Discourse Analysis ◽  
English Teaching ◽  
Teacher Students ◽  
English Classroom

English classroom's process of teaching and learning is an important aspect of successful English teaching and learning. The analysis of classroom discourse is a very important form which the classroom process research has taken place. The present study focuses on SMA (high school) English classroom discourse. The microethnography of Spradley was the research method deployed. Through a detailed description and analysis of the collected data referring to Sinclair and Coulthard’s classroom discourse analysis model, the problem of patterns of the classroom discourse is made clear. On the basis of the discourse patterns' problem found, a few strategies for high school English teachers are put forward through the teacher training in order to improve English teaching and learning at high school in Indonesia. The research results showed that teacher talk highly dominated the English classroom discourse; 94% of teacher-students talk. IRF Model of Sinclair and Coulthard was not found in the English classroom (only IF pattern) and no lesson achieved.

scholarly journals Sinkretisme dalam Tradisi Bucu Kendhit di Desa Sidokumpul Kabupaten Tuban

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Siti Inzali Listiadah ◽  
Sucipto Hadi Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Structure Approach ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Community Trust ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan struktur luar dan struktur dalam tradisi Bucu Kendhit serta untuk mendeskripsikan perwujudan sinkretisme dalam tradisi Bucu Kendhit di Desa Sidokumpul, Kecamatan Bangilan, Kabupaten Tuban. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan struktural dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. hasil penelitian ini adalah Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Tradisi Bucu Kendhit memiliki dua struktur yaitu struktur luar (surface structure) dan struktur dalam (deep structure). Struktur luar (surface structure) meliputi: a) Pra upacara dan komponen penyusun; b) Proses pelaksanaan dan c) Ubarampe. Sedangkan struktur dalam (deep structure) meliputi : a) Kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap Tradisi Bucu Kendhit. b) Adanya fungsi Tradisi Bucu Kendhit yang teridiri dari fungsi sosial dan fungsi religi. c) Makna filosofi Tradisi Bucu Kendhit yang terdiri dari makna kebendaan, makna perilaku, dan makna ucapan atau ujaran. (2) Tradisi Bucu Kendhit di Desa Sidokumpul, Kecamatan Bangilan, Kabupaten Tuban memiliki tradisi slametan sebagai perwujudan sinkretisme yang mengandung tiga unsur yaitu: unsur Hindu, unsur Jawa, dan unsur Islam. Kata Kunci: Sinkretisme, Struktur, Tradisi Bucu Kendhit   ABSTRACT   This research is aim to describe the surface structure and deep structure the tradition of Bucu Kendhit, and to describe the manifestation of syncretism in the tradition of Bucu Kendhit in Sidokumpul Village, Bangilan District, Tuban Regency. The approach used in this research is structure approach with descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques used were observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results of this study are: (1) The tradition of Bucu Kendhit has two structures namely the surface structure and the deep structure. The outer structure (surface structure) includes: a) Pre-ceremony and its components; b) The implementation process and c) Ubarampe. While the deep structure includes: a) Community trust in the Tradition of Bucu Kendhit. b) The function of the Bucu Kendhit Tradition which consists of social functions and religious functions. c) The meaning of the tradition of Bucu Kendhit's tradition which consists of material meaning, behavioral meaning, and the meaning of speech or utterance. (2) The tradition of Bucu Kendhit in Sidokumpul Village, Bangilan District, Tuban Regency has a slametan tradition as an embodiment of syncretism which contains three elements, namely: Hinduism, Javanese elements, and Islamic elements.   Keyword: Sinkretisme, Struktur, Tradisi Bucu Kendhit.

scholarly journals El patio iluminado, de Manuel Mujica Láinez. Modelización de un análisis integral del discurso

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Daniela Soledad González
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Manuel Mujica Lainez ◽  
Superior Level

For a complete understanding of a text, it must be addressed in an integrated way, linking the various levels of analysis and using various linguistic disciplines to explain it. In this paper, the text El patio iluminado, by Manuel Mujica Lainez, is analyzed considering the following aspects: graphic superstructure, semantic superstructure, pragmatic macrostructure, microstructure, propositional level, register, speech acts, explicatures, implicatures, rhetorical procedures, politeness strategies and polyphony. The aim of this paper is to provide an integrated textual analysis model to teachers –especially to those of superior level– to be used when explaining issues related to Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis.

scholarly journals THE AMBIGUITY OF ENGLISH ADVERTISEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Dian Anik Cahyani ◽  
Aang Fatikhul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Data Sources

This is a qualitative research on applied linguistic which is conducted to find applied semantic theory about ambiguity, a condition where an utterance has two or more interpretations. The writers uses Kreidler’s theory which classifies ambiguities into three kinds; lexical, referential, and syntactic which is devided into two types; surface structure and deep structure. The discussion includes kinds of ambiguity that are found and their interpretations. The data sources is English advertisement and the data is English advertisement utterances in banners, posters, and billboards. The writers collects the datas by taking in a picture, sellecting, and presenting. The next is analysis and conclusion. There are 33 datas that are found, they are twelve banners, eleven posters, and ten billboards. From banners, there are three lexical, no referential, six surface structure, and three deep structure ambiguities. From posters, there is no lexical, one referential, four surface structure, and six deep structure ambiguities. From billboards, there are two lexical, two referential, four surface structure, and two deep structure ambiguities. Generally, the ambiguities are dominated by surface and deep structure ambiguity.

scholarly journals Moving in a Gyre: A Discourse Analysis of President Rouhani’s De Facto Inaugural Speech

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Rahman Sahragard ◽  
Meisam Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Lexical Choice ◽  
Inaugural Speech ◽  
Political Groups

<em>The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the discourse of the de facto inaugural speech presented by president Rouhani while receiving his presidential percept from the leader, to seek the ideology beyond his speech and to detect the point that to which of discourses, reformists’ or principalists’, Rouhani’s discourse belong to. Based on Dijk’s socio-cognitive model of critical discourse analysis the selected corpus’ ideological and persuasive components are assessed. To this end and based on the model, the historical, political or social background of the election is discussed firstly. Then, the political groups and parties, specifically reformists and principalists, their ideologies and power relations are elaborated. Finally, based on the examination of all formal structure, lexical choice and syntactic structure, the presupposed and the implied notions are made explicit, to determine the ideology beyond the formal text. Comparing the extracted notions from the speech with the polarized viewpoints of two political parties, it was concluded that Rouhani tried to keep the golden middle path while presenting his ideas, trying to introduce himself a moderate person and base all his plans on moderation. His speech revealed the strategies to move in a gyre of ideas trying to avoid condemning any party or person of eminence in line to keep all parties in one line to make his move.</em>

scholarly journals Conceptual Sentiment Analysis Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kranti Vithal Ghag ◽  
Ketan Shah
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Inverse Document Frequency ◽  
Document Frequency ◽  
Improve Accuracy

<span>Bag-of-words approach is popularly used for Sentiment analysis. It maps the terms in the reviews to term-document vectors and thus disrupts the syntactic structure of sentences in the reviews. Association among the terms or the semantic structure of sentences is also not preserved. This research work focuses on classifying the sentiments by considering the syntactic and semantic structure of the sentences in the review. To improve accuracy, sentiment classifiers based on relative frequency, average frequency and term frequency inverse document frequency were proposed. To handle terms with apostrophe, preprocessing techniques were extended. To focus on opinionated contents, subjectivity extraction was performed at phrase level. Experiments were performed on Pang &amp; Lees, Kaggle’s and UCI’s dataset. Classifiers were also evaluated on the UCI’s Product and Restaurant dataset. Sentiment Classification accuracy improved from 67.9% for a comparable term weighing technique, DeltaTFIDF, up to 77.2% for proposed classifiers. Inception of the proposed concept based approach, subjectivity extraction and extensions to preprocessing techniques, improved the accuracy to 93.9%.</span>

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