scholarly journals INSIGHTS ON COMPETITION FROM A SCIENCE-BASED ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORE MODIS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chaotic Nature ◽  
Life Cycle Pattern ◽  
Shaped Pattern

The work presented here uses a science-based approach to obtain new understandings on the mechanisms and the ramifications of competition in everyday life. Assuming competition of a Darwinian nature we can deduce an S-shaped pattern for growth in most competitive environments. Examples range from a rabbit population growing in a fenced-off grass field to scientists competing for Nobel-Prize awards. There are secrets embedded in the mathematical law that describes growth in competition. The rate of growth being proportional to the amount of growth already achieved makes beginnings difficult and sheds light on such proverbial wisdom as “you need goal to make gold”. It also argues for the necessity to engage teachers in the learning process. Other revelations are linked to the symmetry of a life-cycle pattern, which possesses predictive power and demystifies the easy-come-easy-go phenomenon. Predictive power characterizes the rapid-growth phase of the S-shaped pattern (rheostasis) as well as the end of the pattern when growth reaches a ceiling (homeostasis) where supply and demand are in equilibrium. The latter phenomenon is best exemplified by society’s tolerance of deadly car accidents because deaths from car accidents have remained at an invariant level for many decades reflecting equilibrium. The mathematical equation for growth in competition when cast in discrete form reveals fluctuations of chaotic nature before and after the rapid-growth phase. This can illuminate the turbulent times before and after the formation of the USSR as well as the tumultuous times of the 1930s in America. Extending the quantitative approach to two species competing in the same niche involves introducing coupling constants that account for how one species impacts the growth rate of the other. A celebrated example is the predator-prey relationship, which is only one of six possible interactions all of which can be encountered in the marketplace where products and companies compete like species. There are six possible dimensions for action in a two-species competitive struggle that can be exploited toward managing competition and setting one’s role/image in the marketplace. An example dealt in detail is the evolution of the number of American Noble-Prize winners whose numbers are not about to begin diminishing. Americans are involved in a win-win competitive struggle with non-American scholars, but Americans are drawing more of a benefit.

1989 göçü sonrası Bulgaristan göçmenlerinin yemek kültüründeki değişim

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Cahit Kahraman ◽  
İlhan Güneş ◽  
Nanae Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Product Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

1989 göçü öncesi, dünyada eşzamanlı olarak gittikçe gelişen ve zenginleşen mutfak kültürü, Bulgaristan Türklerini de etkilemiştir. Pazardaki çeşitlilik arttıkça, yemek alışkanlıkları da değişime uğramıştır. Büyük göçten sadece 30-40 sene evvel kısıtlı imkânlar ile sınırlı sayıda yemek çeşidi üretilirken, alım gücünün artmasıyla yemek kültüründe de hızlı gelişmeler olmuştur. Artan ürün çeşitliliği yemeklere de yansımış, farklı lezzetler mutfaklara girmiştir. Göçmen yemekleri denilince hamur işleri, börek ve pideler akla gelir. Ayrıca, göçmenlerin çok zengin turşu, komposto ve konserve kültürüne sahip oldukları da bilinir. Bu çalışma, 1989 öncesi Bulgaristan’ın farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan Türklerin yemek alışkanlıklarına ışık tutmakla birlikte, göç sonrasında göçmen mutfak kültüründe bir değişiklik oluşup oluşmadığını konu almaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1989 yılında Türkiye’ye göç etmiş 50 kişiye 8 sorudan oluşan anket düzenlenmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak oluşan bulgular derlenmiş ve yeni tespitler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerine yerleşen göçmenler, kendi göçmen pazarlarını kurmuşlardır. Bulgaristan’dan getirilen ürünlerin bu pazarlarda satılması böyle bir arz talebin hala devam ettiğine işaret etmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHThe Diversity in Cuisine Culture of the Immigrants from Bulgaria After 1989 MigrationThe Cuisine culture that has been developing and getting rich day by day contemporaneously in the world before 1989 migration has also had an impact on Bulgarian Turks. By the increase in diversity in the market, eating habits have changed. While producing a limited number of food types with limited opportunities just some 30 or 40 years before the ‘Big Migration’, there has been a rapid progress in food culture by the help of the increase in purchase power. Enhancing product range has been reflected in food, and different tastes have entered the cuisines. When we say immigrant, the first things that come to our mind are pastry, flan and pitta bread. Moreover, it is also known that immigrants have a very rich cuisine culture of pickle, stewed fruit, and canned food. This study aims both to disclose the eating habits of Turks living in different regions of Bulgaria before 1989 and to determine whether there has been a difference in immigrant cuisine culture before and after the migration. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions has been administered to 50 people who migrated to Turkey in 1989. The results gathered from these data have been compiled and new determinations have been made. In addition, immigrants that settled in different regions of Turkey have set their own immigrant markets. The fact that the products brought from Bulgaria are being sold in these markets shows that this kind of supply and demand still continues.

scholarly journals Rapid Growth Phase of Ovum in the Guinea Fowl.

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Hiroshi OGAWA ◽  
Takehito KUWAYAMA ◽  
Katuhide TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Guinea Fowl

scholarly journals Coated Vesicle-Mediated Transport and Deposition of Vitellogenic Ferritin in the Rapid Growth Phase of Snail Oocytes

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. BOTTKE ◽  
I. SINHA ◽  
I. KEIL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Coated Vesicle ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Basement Lamina

The main yolk component in oocytes of the pulmonate freshwater snails Planorbarius corneus L. and Lymnaea stagnalis L. consists of the iron storage protein ferritin and iron-free apoferritin. Both compounds are deposited in the yolk in the form of large paracrystalloids, tubular structures and randomly dispersed particles. In addition, the plasm contains lysosome-like inclusions with depositions of haemosiderin. Haemosiderin is interpreted as the product of proteolytic degradation of ferritin. During the rapid growth phase of the oocytes vitellogenic ferritin is transported across the basement lamina and taken up by adsorptive endocytosis via coated pits and vesicles. Formation of yolk bodies occurs by fusion of ferritin-containing vacuoles and empty vesicles that are probably derived from the Golgi apparatus. Uptake of ferritin is restricted to the basal region of the oocyte. No involvement of the follicle cells in synthesis and deposition of ferritin could be detected. Secretory cells of the midgut gland are the most likely site of synthesis of vitellogenic ferritin. Under conditions of iron overload large masses of ferritin are encountered in the basement lamina of the oocytes. However, no significant increase in the uptake of ferritin could be observed. With the use of a tannic acid-glutaraldehyde fixation procedure a hitherto unobserved filamentous or rod-like material was detected inside the lamina and in coated pits. This material is probably also taken up by the oocytes and integrated into yolk platelets. Though ferritin is a rather unusual vitellogenic protein, the mode of its uptake and deposition in the oocyte plasm is highly reminiscent of that of typical hormone-induced vitellogenins in other animal groups.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERKEMBANGAN CITY HOTEL TERHADAP USAHA HOTEL MELATI DI KOTA DENPASAR

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketut Ngurah Trisni Sakawati
Keyword(s):  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Foreign Tourist ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Tourism Policy ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Impacts

The tourism sector of Bali has developed rapidly in the last tenyears, especially when it is seen from the trend of the numbers ofdomestic and foreign tourist arrivals. This trend is accompaniedwith the increasing number of accommodation facilities. Denpasaris a region which shows the rapid growth of accommodationfacilities, such as the presence of a number of hotels in the city areawhich is often referred to as a city hotel. This study examines thefactors that cause the growth of city hotels, the impacts of the cityhotel growths on the budget hotel businesses, the competition andbusiness strategies of inter-city hotels as well as their influences onbusiness strategies of budget hotels in Denpasar City. The theoriesapplied in the study were the theory of supply and demand, theimpact theory and the theory of tourism policy. Data were collectedthrough observation and interviews with relevant tourismstakeholders. The findings show the rapid developments of the cityhotels have given negatif and positive impacts on the businesses ofthe budget hotels in Denpasar. To prevent excessive developmentof the city hotel, it is recommended to Denpasar government todevelop a needs assessment of hotel rooms and some policies suchas standard setting policies of room rates or equitable policy of thehotel developments.

Effects of temperature, drought, and gibberellin A4/7, and timing of treatment, on flowering in potted Piceaengelmannii and Piceaglauca grafts

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Timing Of Treatment ◽  
Spray Applications

Four experiments conducted over 2 years on potted 4- to 7-year-old Piceaengelmannii and 3-year-old Piceaglauca grafts compared the effectiveness of different temperature, drought, and gibberellin A4/7 treatment regimes for promotion of flowering. With the exception of one study in which trees were not properly preconditioned, heat treatment within a polyethylene–covered house (polyhouse) promoted profuse female and male flowering in previously root-pruned P. engelmannii grafts. The optimal daytime temperature of 22–25 °C in the polyhouse was well below the 30 °C temperature for Piceaabies suggested in the literature. Timing of heat treatment was critical. Few trees produced seed or pollen cones if moved indoors before the new shoots were at least 80% elongated, with 85–95% elongation being optimal. Drought also promoted flowering but only if applied outdoors while shoots were actively elongating. Response to these cultural practices was further enhanced by spray applications of gibberellin A4/7 during the rapid growth phase. Younger P. glauca grafts that were not root-pruned or sprayed with gibberellin A4/7 failed to respond to early drought and late heat treatments, but did so the following year when these adjunct treatments were given. Response of P. engelmannii grafts to retreatment indicates that alternate-year induction, with a year's rest for cone maturation and vegetative replenishment of shoots turned reproductive, is practical and will result in sustained abundant cone production in potted trees.

Accessing demand characteristics of agritourism in Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-296
Author(s):  
Yasuo Ohe
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Demand Characteristics ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Operation Rate

The purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate the demand characteristics of agritourism in Italy, which has not been fully investigated despite the relatively high number of the supply-side studies on the Italian agritourism. Design – First this paper conceptually characterized the features of agritourism as the old and modern types and outlined the trend of supply and demand in agritourism in Italy in comparison with Japan. Second, this paper statistically examined the characteristics in the demand side for agritourism in Italy in comparison with tourism demand in general, such as that for hotels. Methodology and approach – Data were obtained from ‘Annuario Statistico Italiano’ edited and issued by ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica). Data from 1997 were compared with those from 2006. We examined the regional characteristics and trends in the composition of domestic and inbound tourists in relation to agritourism. Findings – (1) Agritourism experienced rapid growth in the number of beds available and of those tourists who stayed overnight during the last decade while the operation rate of agritourism is much lower than that of tourism in general. (2) The market for agritourism domestic demand accounted for more than half of the total agritourism demand. The remaining demand was filled by inbound tourists from European countries. These inbound tourists are driving the growth of agritourism in this country. Even if we consider the particular reasons for low barriers to travel in Europe, these findings clearly indicate that it is essential for the development of agritourism to count not only on domestic but also inbound tourists to raise the operation rate. Originality of the research – The originality comes from the investigation of agritourism in Italy by focusing on the demand factors in comparison with tourism in general.

Analyzing the functional association among seed traits, berry growth and chemical composition in Cabernet-Sauvignon berry (Vitis vinifera L.) using a mathematical growth function

OENO One ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Zhan Wu Dai ◽  
Michel Génard ◽  
Shao-hua Li ◽  
Philippe Vivin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Berry Size

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: This study aimed at assessing the functional linkage among seed traits (including seed number, seed weight), berry growth and berry sugar and acid concentration by adapting a mathematical growth function with parameters having biological importance.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: The evolution of berry diameter of Cabernet- Sauvignon was satisfactorily fitted to a bi-phasic growth function with six parameters. Correlations between the parameters and berry characteristics, including time of skin color change, seed number, seed weight, final berry size and chemical composition, were analyzed. Results showed that berry growth within a bunch deviated according to seed number, which positively related to parameters describing diameter increment (D1) and initial growth rate (GRini) during the first rapid growth phase, but not related to any parameters involved in the second growth phase. The time of skin color change was negatively associated with mean seed weight, and coincided with growth parameter DABmax that denotes the time when growth rate is maximum during the second rapid growth phase. Sugar concentration was negatively correlated to final berry fresh weight (BFW), seed fresh weight (SFW), GRini and diameter increment during the second rapid growth phase (D2). Path analysis further revealed that the negative effects of SFW and D2 were indirectly mediated via BFW and GRini.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: We thus conclude that seed affects berry growth and exerts its influence only during the first growth phase via modifying the parameters D1 and GRini. The time of colour change is also affected by seed, and might not be a good indicator of growth restoration after the lag phase. Sugar concentration is linked to final berry size, specific berry growth parameters and seed weight, for the last mainly in an indirect manner.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance of the study</strong>: This study, integrating the analysis of berry growth and composition with a mathematical growth function, provides a valuable approach for deeper understanding of the functional associations among seed traits, berry growth and berry sugar and acid concentration at the berry level.</p>

The Growth of English Agricultural Productivity in the Seventeenth Century

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-485
Author(s):  
John Lindsay Olsh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Before And After

This paper undertakes an examination, in the light of economic theory, of the growth of English agricultural productivity before and after the Civil War. The hypothesis is simply that the mid-seventeenth century witnessed an inflection point in the growth of agricultural productivity, specifically, a significantly more rapid growth after 1650 than before.

Getting ready for mega disasters: the role of past experience in changing disaster consciousness

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Guo ◽  
Yiwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After

Purpose – Attempting to explore the role of direct experience in influencing disaster consciousness and public opinion, the purpose of this paper is to carry out comparative analyses of Japanese people’s knowledge, risk perception, and policy preference about large-scale earthquake disaster before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake. More importantly, aiming to provide implications regarding the application of past experience, the predictive power of direct experience on disaster consciousness is also examined. Design/methodology/approach – This study analyzed parts of the data collected from two nationwide public opinion surveys among Japanese conducted by the Japanese Government. Analyses of variance were performed to examine changes in disaster consciousness. A path model was developed to examine the predicted effects of direct experience. χ2 tests were performed to examine changes in strategy preference. Findings – This study found significant changes in Japanese people’s knowledge of natural hazards and perception of mega disaster risk. Tests of the path model suggested significant positive effect of societal level impact on disaster consciousness and strong predictive power of knowledge on risk perception. Significant changes in strategy preference were also found. Practical implications – Results supported the predictive power of direct experience, highlighting the significance of recalling past experience as well as creating indirect experience to raise public consciousness and motivate appropriate actions. Originality/value – This is one of the few studies that investigate changes in public opinion among Japanese before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

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