scholarly journals Fire and water: contaminants and clearance following uncontrolled fires

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Walsh ◽  
Tim Stevenson ◽  
Richard Terrett ◽  
Cathy Banwell ◽  
Stewart Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

There is a growing body of evidence surrounding the implications of uncontrolled bushfires and wildfires on water. This topic has importance from an ecological perspective, and significance for human health as it has consequences for drinking water quality and supply. Against the backdrop of climate change, it is especially important to holistically understand the impact of fire on water. This review took a systematic approach to establish a comprehensive overview of the changes occurring in freshwater systems following uncontrolled wildfires and bushfires. Screening of 16,551 results obtained from Web of Science, PubMed, and MEDLINE resulted in 111 manuscripts suitable for inclusion. The impact of fire across a wide range of water quality indicators either relative to pre-fire measurements or reference sites was examined qualitatively (increase/decrease) and where possible quantitatively (% change or difference). Factors included biomass, indicator species and species diversity, metals, nutrients, salts, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, particulates and turbidity, pH, conductivity, temperature, and water course morphology. Evidence focused largely on short to medium term impacts (e.g. within 2 years of the fire event), with only a subset of studies reporting on longer term changes in response to fire. We found that bushfire has acute and long-lasting effects on water in terms of physical (e.g. decreased suspended particle size), chemical (e.g. increased nutrient concentration), and biological (e.g. decreased species diversity) characteristics. There was also evidence of resilience and recovery. We urge future work to consider measures that will fulfil both environmental and human health considerations, to allow more integrated insight into the impacts of fire on water.

scholarly journals Advances and Applications of Water Phytoremediation: A Potential Biotechnological Approach for the Treatment of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5215
Author(s):  
Cristián Raziel Delgado-González ◽  
Alfredo Madariaga-Navarrete ◽  
José Miguel Fernández-Cortés ◽  
Margarita Islas-Pelcastre ◽  
Goldie Oza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Biotechnological Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Viable Method

Potable and good-quality drinking water availability is a serious global concern, since several pollution sources significantly contribute to low water quality. Amongst these pollution sources, several are releasing an array of hazardous agents into various environmental and water matrices. Unfortunately, there are not very many ecologically friendly systems available to treat the contaminated environment exclusively. Consequently, heavy metal water contamination leads to many diseases in humans, such as cardiopulmonary diseases and cytotoxicity, among others. To solve this problem, there are a plethora of emerging technologies that play an important role in defining treatment strategies. Phytoremediation, the usage of plants to remove contaminants, is a technology that has been widely used to remediate pollution in soils, with particular reference to toxic elements. Thus, hydroponic systems coupled with bioremediation for the removal of water contaminants have shown great relevance. In this review, we addressed several studies that support the development of phytoremediation systems in water. We cover the importance of applied science and environmental engineering to generate sustainable strategies to improve water quality. In this context, the phytoremediation capabilities of different plant species and possible obstacles that phytoremediation systems may encounter are discussed with suitable examples by comparing different mechanistic processes. According to the presented data, there are a wide range of plant species with water phytoremediation potential that need to be studied from a multidisciplinary perspective to make water phytoremediation a viable method.

scholarly journals Organik Tavukçulukta İçme Suyu Özellikleri, Beslemedeki Önemi ve Su Kalitesini Artırmaya Yönelik Uygulamalar

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Eleroğlu ◽  
Arda Yıldırım ◽  
Ahmet Şekeroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The source of water, the content and quality is very important used in every stage of poultry production. The birds must have continuous access and supply of quality water without any antibiotic and bacteriological residues. Sensory, physiochemical properties and chemical composition must be taken into consideration while assessing water quality. The quality of water used in the production of conventional or organic poultry has impacts on the poultry health, quality of products and human health. The impact of water quality is higher on the functionality of water in live organism and the consumption amount varies depending on many factors. A source of water which is used in organic production is also important with their characteristics. Different water sources may be used for animal consumption, such as springs, shallow wells, deep and artesian wells, lakes and creeks. Organic farms should regularly submit water samples to a laboratory for testing of water quality against the possibility of contamination of water sources. Water contaminants could create equipment problems and restrict the amount of water available for consumption therefore affects the quality of products. There are many aspects to the broad problems of water quality and different physical and chemical applications used to ensure sustainability of water quality for human and animal use. In this review, it will be focused on the quality of the water to be used in the organic poultry production and quality enhancing physical and chemical applications.

scholarly journals The Influence of Human Interference on Zooplankton and Fungal Diversity in Poyang Lake Watershed in China

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Haiming Qin ◽  
Xinyi Cao ◽  
Lanyue Cui ◽  
Qian Lv ◽  
Tingtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beneficial Fungi

The Poyang water system in Jiangxi Province, China, is important for floodwater storage, diversity maintenance, and the economy of the Poyang Lake watershed. In recent years, pollution has destroyed the ecosystem and impacted human health and the related economy. The water quality of the Poyang Lake watershed and the impact of human interference must be assessed. Conventional analysis and high-throughput sequencing were used to evaluate the structure of both zooplankton and fungi in six sub-lakes of the Poyang Lake watershed under different anthropogenic influences. The sub-lakes included were Dahuchi Lake (in natural preserve, DHC), Shahu Lake (in natural reserve, SH), Nanhu Lake (out of natural preserve, NH), Zhelinhu Lake (artificial reservoir, ZLH), Sixiahu Lake (agricultural lake artificially isolated from Poyang Lake, SXH), and Qianhu Lake (urban lake, QH). The densities and biomass of the zooplankton in DHC, SH, NH were higher compared with those in SXH, ZLH and QH (p < 0.05). Zooplankton distribution of SXH was the most strongly associated with total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (Chl a), while QH was highly associated with pH, conductivity (Cond), and water temperature (WT). For fungal diversity, a large number of beneficial fungi, Basidiomycota (phylum level) and Massarina (genus level) were obtained from DHC (55.3% and 27.5%, respectively), SH (54.4% and 28.9%, respectively), and NH (48.6% and 1.4%, respectively), while a large number of pathogenic Chytridiomycota (at phylum level) were identified from SXH (21.0%), ZLH (5.5%), and QH (7.5%). Manmade pollutants have impacted the natural hydrology and water quality and promoted variation between the zooplankton and fungi in the six sub-lakes, reducing the relative abundance of beneficial fungi and increasing the number of pathogens in the environment, which threatens human health and economic production. Understanding the diversity among the zooplankton and fungi in the six sub-lakes of the Poyang Lake watershed may help guide future water management practices.

scholarly journals Impact of Housing Environment on the Immune System in Chickens: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Hofmann ◽  
Sonja S. Schmucker ◽  
Werner Bessei ◽  
Michael Grashorn ◽  
Volker Stefanski
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

During their lifespan, chickens are confronted with a wide range of acute and chronic stressors in their housing environment that may threaten their welfare and health by modulating the immune system. Especially chronic stressful conditions can exceed the individual’s allostatic load, with negative consequences for immunity. A fully functional immune system is mandatory for health and welfare and, consequently, also for high productivity and safe animal products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of housing form, light regime as well as aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations on the immune system in chickens. Certain housing conditions are clearly associated with immunological alterations which potentially impair the success of vaccinations or affect disease susceptibility. Such poor conditions counteract sustainable poultry production. This review also outlines current knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Enteric Viruses of Humans and Animals in Aquatic Environments: Health Risks, Detection, and Potential Water Quality Assessment Tools

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theng-Theng Fong ◽  
Erin K. Lipp
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Wide Range

SUMMARY Waterborne enteric viruses threaten both human and animal health. These pathogens are host specific and cause a wide range of diseases and symptoms in humans or other animals. While considerable research has documented the risk of enteric viruses to human health from contact with contaminated water, the current bacterial indicator-based methods for evaluation of water quality are often ineffectual proxies for pathogenic viruses. Additionally, relatively little work has specifically investigated the risk of waterborne viruses to animal health, and this risk currently is not addressed by routine water quality assessments. Nonetheless, because of their host specificity, enteric viruses can fulfill a unique role both for assessing health risks and as measures of contamination source in a watershed, yet the use of animal, as well as human, host-specific viruses in determining sources of fecal pollution has received little attention. With improved molecular detection assays, viruses from key host groups can be targeted directly using PCR amplification or hybridization with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. A multispecies viral analysis would provide needed information for controlling pollution by source, determining human health risks based on assessments of human virus loading and exposure, and determining potential risks to production animal health and could indicate the potential for the presence of other zoonotic pathogens. While there is a need to better understand the prevalence and environmental distribution of nonhuman enteric viruses, the development of improved methods for specific and sensitive detection will facilitate the use of these microbes for library-independent source tracking and water quality assessment tools.

scholarly journals Impact of Urban Stormwater Runoff on Cyanobacteria Dynamics in A Tropical Urban Lake

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita F. G. Silva ◽  
Brigitte Vinçon-Leite ◽  
Bruno J. Lemaire ◽  
Guido Petrucci ◽  
Alessandra Giani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modelling Approach

Worldwide, eutrophication and cyanobacteria blooms in lakes and reservoirs are a great concern for water resources management. Coupling a catchment hydrological model and a lake model has been a strategy to assess the impact of land use, agricultural practices and climate change on water quality. However, research has mainly focused on large lakes, while urban reservoirs and their catchments, especially in tropical regions, are still poorly studied despite the wide range of ecosystem services they provide. An integrated modelling approach coupling the hydrological model Storm Water Management Model SWMM and the lake ecological model DYRESM-CAEDYM is proposed for Lake Pampulha (Brazil). Scenarios of increased imperviousness of the catchment and of reduction in the load of nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS) in dry weather inflow were simulated. Runoff water quality simulations presented a fair performance for TSS and ammonium (NH4+) while the dynamics of total phosphorus (TP) and nitrate (NO3−) were poorly captured. Phytoplankton dynamics in the lake were simulated with good accuracy (Normalized Mean Absolute Error, NMAE = 0.24 and r = 0.89 in calibration period; NMAE = 0.55 and r = 0.54 in validation period). The general trends of growth, decline and the magnitude of phytoplankton biomass were well represented most of the time. Scenario simulations suggest that TP reduction will decrease cyanobacteria biomass and delay its peaks as a consequence of orthophosphate (PO43−) concentration reduction in the lake surface layers. However, even decreasing TP load into Lake Pampulha by half would not be sufficient to achieve the water quality objective of a maximum concentration of 60 µg chla L−1. Increased imperviousness in the catchment will raise runoff volume, TSS, TP and NO3− loads into Lake Pampulha and promote greater cyanobacteria biomass, mainly in the beginning of the wet season, because of additional nutrient input from catchment runoff. Recovering Lake Pampulha water quality will require the improvement of the sanitation system. The lake water quality improvement will also require more sustainable and nature-based solutions for urban drainage in order to reduce non-point pollution through infiltration and retention of stormwater and to enhance natural processes, such as chemical sorption, biodegradation and phytoremediation. The integrated modelling approach here proposed can be applied for other urban reservoirs taking advantage of existing knowledge on Lake Pampulha.

Health and ecological aspects in shaping of furniture equipment

BUILDER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
Przemysław Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Interior Decoration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
The Impact

The choice of furniture does not only affect the comfort of one’s life or work space. Materials utilized in furniture production may contribute to the quality of chemical microclimate in rooms and have an influence on the users’ health. Plenty of substances used in the furniture industry have negative effects on human health. These effects are usually of low intensity. However, they occur over a long period of time and as a result they may even lead directly to permanent health problems. Consumer lifestyle boosts frequent changes in interior decoration. The changes include mainly replacing furniture and household appliances. The furniture industry offers a wide range of products to satisfy the growing needs of buyers. Mass production results in a significant increase in the exploitation of natural resources and (often) leads to degradation of the natural environment. The downsides of mass furniture production are usually considered only in terms of utilizing various resources. Producers, however, implement measures to reduce the consumption of materials and energy. Their aim is to cut the production costs and lower the final price of manufactured goods. Worn out furniture, produced from highly processed materials is not biodegradable. Such waste is a heavy burden on the natural environment. The paper describes „the life cycle” of furniture items and presents a critical analysis of raw materials and intermediate products used in the furniture industry in the context of sustainable development (the impact on human health and on the condition of the natural environment). It may serve as a means to promote pro-health and pro-environmental awareness. A thorough assessment of the furniture available on the market may facilitate in making conscious decisions which will also take into consideration additional technical criteria. The choice of furniture neutral for people as well as for the environment is not an easy task and often involves higher spending.

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