scholarly journals PENGARUH POSISI PENGELASAN DAN JENIS ELEKTRODA E 7016 DAN E 7018 TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK HASIL LAS BAJA KARBON RENDAH TRS 400

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irzal ◽  
syahrul ◽  
Muhammad Fadhil
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Welding Steel ◽  
Welding Position

Some of the factors that affect the outcome of the strength of welding, including welding position. Welding position will give different results on the strength of the weld. Type welding electrodes are also greatly affect the characteristics of the weld, on the other hand the type of electrode for welding is often a personal choice regardless welder lasnya strength. The purpose of this study conducted to analyze the best tensile strength of the welding position and the type of electrode E 7016 and E 7018 used to weld steel TRS 400. This study is an experimental research are used to determine the effect of welding position and the type of electrode tensile strength carbon steel TRS 400. Where the test results obtained through direct experiments to test object. Based on this research, welding position which produces the highest tensile strength is a vertical position with the highest average value of 65.52 (kgf / mm²). Types of electrodes that generate the highest tensile strength is the electrode E 7016 with the highest average value of 65.52 (kgf / mm²). Compared with electrodes E 7018 with an average value of 60.26 utmost strength (kgf / mm²). In the vertical welding position with an average value of 60.26 the highest strength (kgf / mm²). Thus the position and type of electrode is best used for welding steel TRS 400 is in a vertical position with the electrode E 7016.Keywords: Position Welding, Type Electrodes, Tensile Strength, and Steel TRS 40

Tensile Strength of Single Fiber of Antheraea pernyi Cocoon Prepared by Various Protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 1013 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Akmal Raka Pamungkas ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia ◽  
I Wayan Surata ◽  
Tjokorda Sari Nindhia ◽  
Zdenek Knejzlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Antheraea Pernyi ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Boiling Process ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength

The cocoon of Antheraea pernyi was grown in the laboratory with tropical artificial conditioning. The caterpillar was fed with Lantana camara leaf. They are 3 protocols provided to yield single fiber from the cocoon. The first protocol developed in this work was based on the single fiber drawing directly from the live caterpillar during cocoon stage establishment (forcibly silking). The single fiber was gently pulled and rolled up manually. The second protocol was conducted by degumming the cocoon with boiling in 5%NaoH solution. The cocoon was boiled in 5% NaOH solution and gently stirred. When the fiber was found detached from the cocoon, the boiling process was stopped, and the fiber obtained was washed with water and dried in the oven. The third protocol was simple boiling of the cocoon with water and gently stirring until the cocoon disintegrated to become a fiber. The fiber obtained was washed and dried in the oven. The first protocol by forcibly silking produced fiber with highest tensile strength of average value of 149.251 MPa. The other protocols introduced in this work resulted in lower tensile strength. Alkali treatment provided average tensile strength of 43.833 MPa and boiling in water resulted in tensile strength 52.571 MPa.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of blueberry stems

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Margus Arak ◽  
Kaarel Soots ◽  
Marge Starast ◽  
Jüri Olt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Agricultural Machines

In order to model and optimise the structural parameters of the working parts of agricultural machines, including harvesting machines, the mechanical properties of the culture harvested must be known. The purpose of this article is to determine the mechanical properties of the blueberry plant’s stem; more precisely the tensile strength and consequent elastic modulus E. In order to achieve this goal, the measuring instrument Instron 5969L2610 was used and accompanying software BlueHill 3 was used for analysing the test results. The tested blueberry plant’s stems were collected from the blueberry plantation of the Farm Marjasoo. The diameters of the stems were measured, test units were prepared, tensile tests were performed, tensile strength was determined and the elastic modulus was obtained. Average value of the elastic modulus of the blueberry (Northblue) plant’s stem remained in the range of 1268.27–1297.73 MPa.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Crumb Rubber Powder and Warm Additives on Moisture Resistance of SMA Mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hassan Ziari ◽  
Hassan Divandari ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Seyed Ali Akbar ◽  
Seyed Mohsen Hosseinian
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rubber Powder ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Warm Additives

Stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures are one of the most resistant types of asphalt mixtures known to date that the bulk load is borne by the aggregate skeleton. In this research, the effect of crumb rubber powder (CRP), Vestenamer polymer, and warm additives, including Sasobit, ZycoTherm, and a porous and warm mix asphalt (PAWMA), was investigated on the moisture resistance of SMA mixtures. A segregation test was performed to determine the tendency of the polymer to separate from modified polymer bitumen under storage conditions. Also, a drain down sensitivity test was conducted to explore the bleeding phenomena and drain down of SMA mixtures. Finally, a boiling water test, as well as an indirect tensile strength (ITS) test, was applied to examine the sensitivity of mixtures to moisture. The segregation test results indicated that by the use of Vestenamer polymer, a conventional (low speed) mixer can be used instead of using a high-speed mixer, and this will be very important in the cost of rubber bitumen production. The drain down test results showed that cellulose fibers prevented the bitumen bleeding of SMA mixtures. Also, the results of the boiling water test indicated that CRP samples containing ZycoTherm had the highest moisture resistance compared to the other warm additives. Among various mixtures, 8% CRP-modified samples containing ZycoTherm resulted in the lowest amount of stripping in SMA mixtures, even more than the base sample. The ITS test results illustrated that the use of CRP, Vestenamer polymer, and warm additives had a significant effect on the ITS amounts of mixtures. Moreover, the samples containing ZycoTherm had the highest tensile strength ratio (TSR) compared to the other SMA samples.

Effect of Degassing Time and Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Porosity of Aluminum 6061 Alloy Using Sand Casting Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wikan Jatimurti ◽  
Boby Alexander ◽  
Alvian Toto Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Aluminum ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Porosity Level ◽  
Aluminum 6061 Alloy

This research is aimed to get a better understanding on the effort of reducing the porosity level in aluminum alloys. The degassing process (2, 5 and 8 minutes) is done to reduce the hydrogen content in liquid aluminum and cooling rate modifications (13 °C / min, 20 °C / min and 26 °C / min) was performed to reduce the porosity by reducing the size of Dendrite Arm Spacing (DAS). The casting method used in this research is sand casting and raw materials were melted using an electric furnace at 720 °C. The microstructural images showed the DAS size are decreased by size from 137.3 μm to 87.58 μm obtained from cooling rates of 13 °C / min and 26 °C / min respectively. In the other hand, the level of porosity is also decreased from 3.58% at 2 min degassing and the cooling rate of 13 °C / min to 1.8% at 5 min degassing and 26 °C / min cooling rate. Furthermore, the tensile test results show that the value of tensile strength increases when the DAS size and porosity level are smaller. The highest ultimate tensile strength value is 105.9 and the lowest is 70,53 MPa.

Study the Effect of Welding Position and Plate Thickness to the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of the TIG Dissimilar Metal Welded between Carbon Steel ASTM A36 and Stainless Steel 304 Plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
Winarto Winarto ◽  
Muhammad Anis ◽  
Rini Riastuti ◽  
I.N. Suarjana
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Fusion Line ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dissimilar Metal ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Welding Position

Dissimilar metal welding was mostly done to optimize the application and engineering requirements with economic considerations. Weld microstructures greatly influenced the mechanical properties of welded joints. The investigations were carried out to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical properties of dissimilar weldment between carbon steel ASTM A36 and austenitic stainless steel 304 with a variation of welding position (1G, 2G, 3G) and weld thickness (6 mm to 12 mm) joints by TIG welding. A detailed analysis was conducted on the weld zone composition, the microstructural, and mechanical properties. The results show that the welding position and thickness of the weld joints influenced the microstructure both in HAZ and weld metal. Size, distribution, and orientation of microstructure were improved and more uniform with increasing of welded joint thickness. In HAZ carbon steel, GB ferrite was dominant, especially for the flat welding position (1G), while for the horizontal position (2G) and the vertical welding position (3G) showed other structures such as Widmanstaten ferrite, hard-structures like martensite and bainite. In the region near the fusion line and the weld metal, the chemical composition changed due to thermal convection, diffusion, and macro-segregation caused by penetration of liquid metal carbon steel into the weld pool. SEM/EDS results indicated diffusion of carbon from carbon steel A36 to stainless steel 304 and formed the hard-structure along the fusion line. The mechanical test results showed that the tensile test breaking point occurred in the parent metal of carbon steel A36. The bending test results showed very high stress on the face side of the welding joint, and there are no cracks from the bending test result. Vickers hardness testing showed that the hardness distribution increased from the carbon steel HAZ to the stainless steel HAZ, and the maximum hardness has achieved the value of 297 Hv at the fusion line of stainless steel 304.

scholarly journals Kinerja Keuangan dan Kemampuan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Se-Jabodetabek

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Tarjunajah Tarjunajah ◽  
Adi Wiratno
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Regional Governments

ABSTRACT This study aims to compare the financial performance and financial capacity of the region in the Jabodetabek Regional Government (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) in 2010-2014 and examine differences in financial performance. The research data is the audited financial statements of local governments. The results showed that the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government had the highest value of the decentralization ratio compared to the other four regional governments. The value of the dependency ratio, the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta is quite high while the other four local governments are included in the very high category. The regional autonomy ratio of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government has the highest average value while the other four Regional Governments have very low levels of regional independence. The effectiveness of the Tangerang PAD and Bogor Regency and Depok City proved to be good compared to Bekasi and DKI Jakarta. The efficiency of PAD in Bogor Regency is the least efficient. The test results proved that there was a difference in the degree of decentralization, dependence, independence and share in the Jabodetabek regional government, but there was no difference in effectiveness of PAD, efficiency of PAD, growth and elasticity in the Jabodetabek Regional Government. ABSTRAK Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kinerja keuangan dan kemampuan keuangan daerah pada Pemerintah Daerah Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) tahun 2010-2014 serta menguji perbedaan kinerja keuangan. Data penelitian adalah laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah yang telah diaudit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki nilai rasio derajad desentralisasi paling tinggi dibandingkan empat pemerintah daerah lainnya. Nilai rasio ketergantungan, Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta cukup tinggi sedangkan empat pemerintah daerah lainnya termasuk kategori sangat tinggi. Rasio kemandirian daerah Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki nilai rata-rata paling tinggi sedangkan empat Pemerintah Daerah lainnya memiliki tingkat kemandirian daerah yang sangat rendah. Tingkat efektifitas PAD Tangerang dan Kabupaten Bogor dan Kota Depok terbukti baik dibandingkan Bekasi dan DKI Jakarta. Efisiensi PAD Kabupaten Bogor adalah yang paling kurang efisien. Hasil pengujian terbukti ada perbedaan derajad desentralisasi, ketergantungan, kemandirian dan share pada pemerintah daerah Jabodetabek, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan efektifitas PAD, efisiensi PAD, growth dan elastisitas pada Pemerintah Daerah Jabodetabek. JEL Classification: M48, H11

Welding of High Carbon Steel without Transformation

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 1411-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Fujii ◽  
Ling Cui ◽  
Kiyoshi Nogi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Joint Properties ◽  
Proof Strength

A high carbon steel joint, S70C (0.72wt%C) was successfully friction stir welded without any postheat treatments. There are two methods for obtaining proper joint properties. The first method is to decrease the peak temperature to below A1, and the other method to decrease the cooling rate to less than the lower critical cooling rate. As a result, the ultimate tensile strength of 1214 MPa, 0.2 % proof strength of 700 MPa and elongation of 40% were obtained for a joint.

scholarly journals Kuat Tekan Pelat Beton Menggunakan Pasir Wlingi dan Wiremesh Diameter 4 mm

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Meylinda Vricilia ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Agata Iwan Candra
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Concrete Plate ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
High Level

Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel, where reinforcing steel provides tensile strength that concrete does not possess. Wlingi sand is sand that has a high level of silica. The function of silica to functional extender adds durability and anti-corrosion and anti-weathering properties. The purpose of this study is to find out the strong press, strong pull wire mesh, cracks, cracks, and faults and to find out if the test results can qualify as concrete plates—testing on test objects by the required SNI. The results showed that the compressive strength test value got an average value (28.38 Mpa), the wiremesh tensile strength test had average yield stress (393.42 Mpa), and tensile stress (569.30), and the seepage test were obtained the mean value (0.45%). The test for cracks and fractures obtained an average (1.72 Mpa) (2.18 Mpa). Test results showed wire mesh steel could be used as a concrete plate reinforcing because it has tensile voltage and melt voltage exceeding the minimum allowable limit of 390 Mpa and 240 Mpa.Beton bertulang adalah kombinasi antara beton dan baja, dimana baja tulangan memberikan kekuatan tarik yang tidak dimiliki beton. Pasir wlingi merupakan pasir yang memiliki kadar silika yang cukup tinggi, fungsi dari silika untuk ekstender fungsional menambah daya tahan dan sifat anti korosi serta anti pelapukan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kuat tekan, kuat tarik wiremesh, rembesan, retakan dan patahan dan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil pengujian dapat memenuhi syarat sebagai pelat beton. Pengujian pada benda uji sesuai dengan SNI yang disyaratkan. Pengujian dilakukan saat umur beton 28 hari dengan 3 benda uji berbentuk balok ukuran P×L×t=60×20×10(cm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian kuat tekan didapat nilai rata-rata  (28,38 Mpa), pengujian kuat tarik wiremeshmemiliki nilai rata-rata tegangan leleh (393,42 Mpa) serta tegangan tarik (569,30), pada pengujian rembesan didapat nilai rata-rata (0,45%), pengujian  retakan  dan  patahan  didapat   rata-rata  (1,72 Mpa)(2,18 Mpa). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan baja wiremesh dapat  digunakan sebagai tulangan pelat  beton  karena  memiliki  tegangan  tarik  dan  tegangan leleh  melebihi batas minimum yang diijinkan yaitu 390 Mpa dan 240 Mpa.

scholarly journals Pengaruh VariasiArus dan Posisi Pengelasan SMAW terhadap Sifat Mekanik Baja ST 37

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Iwan Nugraha Gusniar ◽  
Ahmad Juhri ◽  
Viktor Noubnome
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Welding Position

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the value of tensile strength, impact and microstructure test results on ST 37 steel plates due to variations in current strength of 80 A, 85 A and 90 A and 1G, 2G and 3G welding positions. The results of this study show the value of Max.load, current strength of 80 A 3G welding position gets the highest value of 5650 kgf, value of Tinsile strength, current strength of 80 A 3G welding position gets the highest value of 44.78 (kgf/mm2), then the strain value, the current strength of 80 A for the 3G welding position gets the highest value of 0.9% and the value of the modulus of elasticity, the current strength of 80 A for the 3G welding position gets the highest value of 97.94 (GPa,KN/mm2), In the value of the impact test results, the current strength of 80 A is the 1G welding position that gets the highest value, which is 116 Joules. In the observation of microstructure testing, 3 points were carried out, Weld metal, HAZ and Base metal at each strong current

scholarly journals Kinerja Keuangan dan Kemampuan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Se-Jabodetabek

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Tarjunajah Tarjunajah ◽  
Adi Wiratno
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Regional Governments

ABSTRACT This study aims to compare the financial performance and financial capacity of the region in the Jabodetabek Regional Government (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) in 2010-2014 and examine differences in financial performance. The research data is the audited financial statements of local governments. The results showed that the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government had the highest value of the decentralization ratio compared to the other four regional governments. The value of the dependency ratio, the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta is quite high while the other four local governments are included in the very high category. The regional autonomy ratio of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government has the highest average value while the other four Regional Governments have very low levels of regional independence. The effectiveness of the Tangerang PAD and Bogor Regency and Depok City proved to be good compared to Bekasi and DKI Jakarta. The efficiency of PAD in Bogor Regency is the least efficient. The test results proved that there was a difference in the degree of decentralization, dependence, independence and share in the Jabodetabek regional government, but there was no difference in effectiveness of PAD, efficiency of PAD, growth and elasticity in the Jabodetabek Regional Government. ABSTRAK Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kinerja keuangan dan kemampuan keuangan daerah pada Pemerintah Daerah Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) tahun 2010-2014 serta menguji perbedaan kinerja keuangan. Data penelitian adalah laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah yang telah diaudit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki nilai rasio derajad desentralisasi paling tinggi dibandingkan empat pemerintah daerah lainnya. Nilai rasio ketergantungan, Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta cukup tinggi sedangkan empat pemerintah daerah lainnya termasuk kategori sangat tinggi. Rasio kemandirian daerah Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki nilai rata-rata paling tinggi sedangkan empat Pemerintah Daerah lainnya memiliki tingkat kemandirian daerah yang sangat rendah. Tingkat efektifitas PAD Tangerang dan Kabupaten Bogor dan Kota Depok terbukti baik dibandingkan Bekasi dan DKI Jakarta. Efisiensi PAD Kabupaten Bogor adalah yang paling kurang efisien. Hasil pengujian terbukti ada perbedaan derajad desentralisasi, ketergantungan, kemandirian dan share pada pemerintah daerah Jabodetabek, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan efektifitas PAD, efisiensi PAD, growth dan elastisitas pada Pemerintah Daerah Jabodetabek. JEL Classification: M48, H11

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