Effect of Degassing Time and Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Porosity of Aluminum 6061 Alloy Using Sand Casting Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wikan Jatimurti ◽  
Boby Alexander ◽  
Alvian Toto Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Aluminum ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Porosity Level ◽  
Aluminum 6061 Alloy

This research is aimed to get a better understanding on the effort of reducing the porosity level in aluminum alloys. The degassing process (2, 5 and 8 minutes) is done to reduce the hydrogen content in liquid aluminum and cooling rate modifications (13 °C / min, 20 °C / min and 26 °C / min) was performed to reduce the porosity by reducing the size of Dendrite Arm Spacing (DAS). The casting method used in this research is sand casting and raw materials were melted using an electric furnace at 720 °C. The microstructural images showed the DAS size are decreased by size from 137.3 μm to 87.58 μm obtained from cooling rates of 13 °C / min and 26 °C / min respectively. In the other hand, the level of porosity is also decreased from 3.58% at 2 min degassing and the cooling rate of 13 °C / min to 1.8% at 5 min degassing and 26 °C / min cooling rate. Furthermore, the tensile test results show that the value of tensile strength increases when the DAS size and porosity level are smaller. The highest ultimate tensile strength value is 105.9 and the lowest is 70,53 MPa.

scholarly journals Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Se-Jin Choi ◽  
Ji-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Bae ◽  
Tae-Gue Oh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Slag Powder ◽  
Ferronickel Slag

In recent years, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have continued worldwide. In the construction industry, a large amount of CO2 is generated during the production of Portland cement, and various studies are being conducted to reduce the amount of cement and enable the use of cement substitutes. Ferronickel slag is a by-product generated by melting materials such as nickel ore and bituminous coal, which are used as raw materials to produce ferronickel at high temperatures. In this study, we investigated the fluidity, microhydration heat, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and carbonation characteristics of a ternary cement mortar including ferronickel-slag powder and fly ash. According to the test results, the microhydration heat of the FA20FN00 sample was slightly higher than that of the FA00FN20 sample. The 28-day compressive strength of the FA20FN00 mix was approximately 39.6 MPa, which was higher than that of the other samples, whereas the compressive strength of the FA05FN15 mix including 15% of ferronickel-slag powder was approximately 11.6% lower than that of the FA20FN00 mix. The drying shrinkage of the FA20FN00 sample without ferronickel-slag powder was the highest after 56 days, whereas the FA00FN20 sample without fly ash showed the lowest shrinkage compared to the other mixes.

Comparison of Starch Fiber Filled-Polyvinyl Alcohol and Native Starch Filled-Polyvinyl Alcohol under Tensile Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Salleh Shahrul Nizam ◽  
Norzila Mohd ◽  
Zarina Omar ◽  
Norkamruzita Saadon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solution Casting ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Solution Casting Method

The tensile properties of starch fiber (SF) and native starch (NS) filled polyvinyl alcohol were investigated in this study. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) was blend with starch fiber as well as native starch. Prior to compounding process, PVA was plasticized with 30 phr glycerol as well as 10 phr distilled water. A solution casting method was used to prepare the SF-PPVA and NS-PPVA film sheet. Based on the tensile test results SF filled PVA recorded the highest tensile strength (20.015 MPa) as compared to NS filled PVA (12.302MPa). The tensile strength of the blends film was depending to the interfacial adhesion between matrixes in the blends. In spite of that, NS filled PVA have noted the highest elongation during the test. SF and NS played important role in affecting the blends matrix through disturbing the arrangement of continuous phase of PVA.

scholarly journals Effect of glutinous rice flour and dried egg white in fabrication of porous cordierite by gel casting method

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (370) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamil Fakhruddin ◽  
Hasmaliza Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Porosity Level ◽  
Gel Casting ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Porous Cordierite

Abstract In this study, cordierite was produced using MgO, SiO2 and Al2O3 as raw materials through glass route method. The raw materials were mixed for 6 h and the mixture was melted at 1550 °C and then water quenched. The glass produced was milled for 5 h to obtain fine powder, which was used to prepare porous cordierite through gel casting method. The effect of addition of different natural binders, glutinous rice flour (GRF) and dried egg white (DEW), on porous cordierite was investigated. GRF and DEW were added to the slurry during mixing. The synthesized cordierite powder was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Porous cordierite was characterized through Archimedes method, morphological analysis, and compression test. The porosity level varied from 60.6% to 78.7% depending on the amount of natural binder added. Compression test results showed that the compressive strength of porous cordierite increased with increasing amount of natural binder added.

The Effects of Fiber Content in Plasticized Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) - Sweet Potato Peel Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahrul Nizam Salleh ◽  
Norzila Mohd ◽  
Zarina Omar ◽  
Sopiah Ambong Khalid ◽  
Norkamruzita Saadon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Melt Mixing

The effects of fiber content in sweet potato peel-plasticized polyvinyl alcohol blends were investigated. Plasticized Polyvinyl Alcohol (PPVA) was blended with Sweet Potato Peel (SPP). Prior to compounding process, PVA was plasticized with 30 phr glycerol as well as 10 phr distilled water. Blends of PPVA at composition of 80%, 70%, 60%, 50% and 40% of SPP were compounded using melt mixing equipment with an additional of 20 phr glycerol. A casting method was used to prepare the PPVA-SPP film sheet. Based on the tensile test results, PPVA with 80% SPP recorded the lowest tensile strength (5.385 MPa) as compared to blends which contain 40% SPP (13.612 MPa). The reduction of tensile strength with the addition of SPP was due to poor interfacial adhesion between the PVA and SPP which was proven by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.

scholarly journals PVA/Polysaccharides Blended Films: Mechanical Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio E. F. Silva ◽  
Maria Carolina B. Di-Medeiros ◽  
Karla A. Batista ◽  
Kátia F. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Cashew Gum ◽  
Macroscopic Analysis

Blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and angico gum (AG) and/or cashew gum (CG) were used to produce films by casting method. Morphological and mechanical properties of these films were studied and compared to the properties of a commercial collagen membrane of bovine origin (MBO). The films presented thickness varying from 70 to 140 μm (PVA/AG) and 140 to 200 μm (PVA/CG). Macroscopic analysis showed that a PVA/CG film was very similar to MBO regarding the color and transparency. The higher values of tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (EM) were observed in the film. On the other hand, PVA/CG and PVA/CG-AG presented the highest value of percentage of elongation (E%). Pearson’s Correlation Analysis revealed a positive correlation between TS and EM and a negative correlation between E% and EM. The PVA/CG film presented mechanical properties very similar to MBO, with the advantage of a higher E% (11.96) than MBO (2.94). The properties of the PVA blended films depended on the polysaccharide added in the blend, as well as the acid used as a catalyst. However, all produced films presented interesting mechanical characteristics which enables several biotechnological applications.

Characterization of Al-Si-Mg/Al2O3 Nanocomposite Produced by Stir Casting Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Zulfia ◽  
J. Salahuddin ◽  
Hafeizh E. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Porosity Level

Al-Si-Mg reinforced with Al2O3 nano particles have been made by stir casting method. The vortex produced by stirrer is to distribute the Al2O3 nano particles in the molten aluminium. The volume fraction of Al2O3 nano particles was varied from 0.5, 1, 2, 3, to 5 Vf%, while the addition of magnesium was 3 Vf% as wetting agent to improve the wettability between Al2O3 nano particle and Al-Si-Mg matrix. The effect of Al2O3 on characteristic of Al-Si-Mg composites was studied. It is found that the presence of Al2O3nano particle led to significant improve in mechanical properties, especially at addition of 0.5 Vf% Al2O3. The ultimate tensile strength reached to 154 MPa with 10.24 % elongation, while the hardness reached to 37.7 HRB followed by decrement in wear rate. The porosity level tend to increase with increasing of Al2O3 and caused decrement in mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Crumb Rubber Powder and Warm Additives on Moisture Resistance of SMA Mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hassan Ziari ◽  
Hassan Divandari ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Seyed Ali Akbar ◽  
Seyed Mohsen Hosseinian
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rubber Powder ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Warm Additives

Stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures are one of the most resistant types of asphalt mixtures known to date that the bulk load is borne by the aggregate skeleton. In this research, the effect of crumb rubber powder (CRP), Vestenamer polymer, and warm additives, including Sasobit, ZycoTherm, and a porous and warm mix asphalt (PAWMA), was investigated on the moisture resistance of SMA mixtures. A segregation test was performed to determine the tendency of the polymer to separate from modified polymer bitumen under storage conditions. Also, a drain down sensitivity test was conducted to explore the bleeding phenomena and drain down of SMA mixtures. Finally, a boiling water test, as well as an indirect tensile strength (ITS) test, was applied to examine the sensitivity of mixtures to moisture. The segregation test results indicated that by the use of Vestenamer polymer, a conventional (low speed) mixer can be used instead of using a high-speed mixer, and this will be very important in the cost of rubber bitumen production. The drain down test results showed that cellulose fibers prevented the bitumen bleeding of SMA mixtures. Also, the results of the boiling water test indicated that CRP samples containing ZycoTherm had the highest moisture resistance compared to the other warm additives. Among various mixtures, 8% CRP-modified samples containing ZycoTherm resulted in the lowest amount of stripping in SMA mixtures, even more than the base sample. The ITS test results illustrated that the use of CRP, Vestenamer polymer, and warm additives had a significant effect on the ITS amounts of mixtures. Moreover, the samples containing ZycoTherm had the highest tensile strength ratio (TSR) compared to the other SMA samples.

scholarly journals PENGARUH POSISI PENGELASAN DAN JENIS ELEKTRODA E 7016 DAN E 7018 TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK HASIL LAS BAJA KARBON RENDAH TRS 400

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irzal ◽  
syahrul ◽  
Muhammad Fadhil
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Welding Steel ◽  
Welding Position

Some of the factors that affect the outcome of the strength of welding, including welding position. Welding position will give different results on the strength of the weld. Type welding electrodes are also greatly affect the characteristics of the weld, on the other hand the type of electrode for welding is often a personal choice regardless welder lasnya strength. The purpose of this study conducted to analyze the best tensile strength of the welding position and the type of electrode E 7016 and E 7018 used to weld steel TRS 400. This study is an experimental research are used to determine the effect of welding position and the type of electrode tensile strength carbon steel TRS 400. Where the test results obtained through direct experiments to test object. Based on this research, welding position which produces the highest tensile strength is a vertical position with the highest average value of 65.52 (kgf / mm²). Types of electrodes that generate the highest tensile strength is the electrode E 7016 with the highest average value of 65.52 (kgf / mm²). Compared with electrodes E 7018 with an average value of 60.26 utmost strength (kgf / mm²). In the vertical welding position with an average value of 60.26 the highest strength (kgf / mm²). Thus the position and type of electrode is best used for welding steel TRS 400 is in a vertical position with the electrode E 7016.Keywords: Position Welding, Type Electrodes, Tensile Strength, and Steel TRS 40

scholarly journals Studying the effect of silica (SiO2) addition on the adhesive properties of polyvinyl alcohol

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (29) ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
Nahida J. Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesive Material ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Adhesive Characteristic

The work concerned with studying the effect of (SiO2) addition as afiller on the adhesive properties of (PVA). Samples were prepared assheets by using casting method. The mechanical properties showedthat increase in tensile strength from (34MPa) to (68MPa) when(SiO2) added to (PVA). The adhesive strength showed that jointproperties depend upon specific adhesive characteristic of material(PVA) and (SiO2\PVA)composites at different concentrations (1.5%,2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5wt%), the cohesive strength of the adhesive material,the joint design, and adherent type (Sponge Rubber(SR), Naturalleather (NL), Vulcanized Rubber(VR), and Cartoon). The resultsproved the tensile strength increased with (SiO2) ratio, so it can beused as the adhesive material. Shear strength showed an increasewith (SiO2) ratio of sponge rubber, and cartoon adherent, whereas itwas increased up to 2.5% for Natural Leather, and VulcanizedRubber then decreased; That suggested it is most suitable for spongerubber adhesive and cartoon than the other adherents.

Effect of Carbon Content and Post-Sintering Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Fe-Ni-Cu-Mo-C High Density Sintered Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ivănuş ◽  
Liviu Brânduşan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sintered Steel ◽  
Application Requirements

Powders-based on the Fe-Cu-Ni-Mo system are well known in the P/M industry for combining good compressibility and dimensional stability with a potential for high strength. The typical heterogeneous microstructure of these materials has proven to provide favourable mechanical properties. However, in applications where strength and hardness become critical variables, faster cooling rates after sintering are required to meet application requirements. Test specimens containing various graphite contents to achieve 0.20, 0.35 and 0.55% combined carbon were pressed to 7.0 and 7.2 g/cm3, sintered in a furnace at 1150°C and cooled directly from sintering temperature with either normal or rapid cooling. Test results are discussed in terms of tensile properties, apparent hardness and microstructure. The formation of bainite and martensite by raising carbon content and cooling rate increased tensile strength and apparent hardness, while a higher green density maintained satisfactory ductility. It was possible to achieve ultimate tensile and yield strengths as 920 and 660 MPa respectively with apparent hardness 30 HRC.

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