scholarly journals Development Incentive Program at Carbon Trading Activity in KPHP Tasik Besar Serkap

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emy Sadjati ◽  
Ambar Tri Ratnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Incentive Program ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Local Livelihood ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Program Options

Abstract: REDD+ mechanism has been considered as an effective way to mitigate climate change in developing countries since it targets to remove carbon emissions and compensate the local communities for their conservation efforts. Incentive programs of REDD+ projects should be tailored carefully because they can cause both positive and negative effects to local communities. This research was conducted to suggest incentive program options for a peat land REDD+ project in Riau Provincial. Frequently adopted incentive pr ograms were identified from literature review, and few more options were added based on previous local survey. Seven incentive options were finalized for the survey through discussion with KPH Tasik Besar Serkap. To figure out preference on and importance of the incentive options for local communities, questionnaire survey was conducted on 40 respondent in 2 villages around the project area. Local livelihoods activities in forest were also investigated. Collected data was used for frequency analysis and AHP analysis. Although gap between preference and importance of the options was found, the difference was minor. Among the incentive options, the respondents preferred provision of ‘goods for agriculture and fishery’, ‘electricity generator’, ‘establishment o f community forest’ and ‘job creation’. Diverse local livelihood activities in forests were confirmed, though intensity of dependence was different among the villages. It is concluded that a set of small incentive programs would lead to better results than ‘one-big’ incentive program, since it can provide more opportunities for local people to participate in. To develop an effective incentive program for REDD+ project, local preference, importance for local community, and impacts on local livelihood should be considered simultaneously.

scholarly journals Ecotourism in the Tangkoko DuaSudara Nature Reserve: opening Pandora' box?

Oryx ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret F. Kinnaird ◽  
Timothy G. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Macaca Nigra ◽  
Visitor Numbers

Indonesia, like many other developing countries, is turning to ecotourism in an attempt to integrate the goals of development and nature conservation. Although ecotourism may be a valuable tool for preservation of biodiversity, it can have long-term negative effects on reserves, wildlife and local communities if improperly managed. In this study the authors evaluated ecotourism in the Tangkoko DuaSudara Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, by examining trends in visitor numbers, the tourist experience, the distribution of tourist revenues, and tourist impact on the Sulawesi black macaque Macaca nigra and spectral tarsier Tarsier spectrum. The data collected showed that, although tourism is expanding rapidly, local benefits are not being fully realized, the reserve does not generate enough money to implement management, and primate behaviour is being affected. There is urgent need for a change in legal status of the reserve if ecotourism is to be managed. National park status would accommodate ecotourism planning and development, provide for greater participation by the local community, and allow for increased revenues for management.

scholarly journals Contribution of Joint Forest Management in Improving Conservation and Local Livelihood in Rufiji District, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Wilhard Tarimo ◽  
Japhet Ringo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Joint Forest Management ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Local Livelihood

This paper attempts to explore the contribution of Joint Forest Management in improving conservation<br />and local livelihood in Rufiji District. The study was carried in three villages (Mkupuka, Mangwi and<br />Muyuyu). Household survey, key informants interviews, focus group discussions, and archive<br />information were used to collect data. A total of 90 households, 10 key informants, and 9 Focus Group<br />Discussion members were involved. Results indicate that 57% of the respondents had the view that<br />local communities around Ngumburuni Forest Reserve did not realize direct benefits from JFM<br />practices. Findings have also revealed that 82.2% of the respondents perceived the increased trend of<br />deforestation after the introduction of JFM, a feature that does not promise sustainability of the forest<br />reserve. Findings indicate that challenges hindered effective management of forest reserve include the<br />increase of human population, expanding agriculture, and insufficient fund. The study concludes that,<br />JFM has failed to show substantial contributions towards enhancing conservation and livelihood of<br />local communities in the study area. It is recommended that for sustainable management of the forest<br />resources there is a need to strengthen the JFM in improving conservation and enhancing local<br />livelihood through conservation awareness, involvement of the local community in implementation of<br />the JFM strategies, to ensure equal distribution of benefits realized from forest conservation, and<br />strengthening patrol of the forest resources.

scholarly journals Contribution of Mangrove Forest to the Livelihood of Local Communities in Ayeyarwaddy Region, Myanmar

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Nyein Aye ◽  
Yali Wen ◽  
Kim Marin ◽  
Shivaraj Thapa ◽  
Aung W. Tun
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Local Livelihood

Myanmar’s forests are socially and economically significant to the country because over 70% of the country’s population depends on natural resources for daily needs. We conducted this study with the aim of assessing the extent to which direct and indirect (tangible) benefits of mangrove forest contribute to local livelihoods in the Ayeyarwaddy Region, Myanmar. We used a questionnaire survey (n = 185 households), interview and group discussion for data collection. The study shows that 43% of total household income is generated through selling of forest products collected from the mangrove forest such as firewood, fishes, crabs and prawn, whereas agricultural and non-farm incomes were found to be 25% and 32% of total income, respectively. The result prevails that income from the mangrove forest products for fish, crab, prawn and firewood is specifically 36%, 28%, 9% and 27%, respectively. Hence, we confirmed that local livelihood mainly depends on the mangrove forest ecosystem.

A Court in Decline? Examining the Regality Court Records of Melrose, Roxburghshire, 1657–84

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vivienne Dunstan
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Seminal Work

McIntyre, in his seminal work on Scottish franchise courts, argues that these courts were in decline in this period, and of little relevance to their local population. 1 But was that really the case? This paper explores that question, using a particularly rich set of local court records. By analysing the functions and significance of one particular court it assesses the role of this one court within its local area, and considers whether it really was in decline at this time, or if it continued to perform a vital role in its local community. The period studied is the mid to late seventeenth century, a period of considerable upheaval in Scottish life, that has attracted considerable attention from scholars, though often less on the experiences of local communities and people.

Halting Forest Encroachment in Terai: What Role for Community Forestry?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Prabin Bhusal ◽  
Naya Sharma Paudel ◽  
Anukram Adhikary ◽  
Jisan Karki ◽  
Kamal Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local Livelihoods

This paper highlights the lessons of using adaptive learning in community forestry that effectively help to resolve forest based conflicts in Terai region of Nepal. The paper is based on a three-year action research carried out in Terai. Qualitative methods including participatory rural appraisal tools and documentation of engaged action and reflections were used. Methods and tools that largely fall under adaptive learning were deployed. The field data was complemented by review of secondary data and literature on environmental history of Terai. We found that policies on land and forest in Terai for the last fifty years have induced and aggravated conflicts over access and control between state and communities and also within diverse groups of local communities. These conflicts have had serious negative impacts on sustainable management of forests and on local people’s livelihoods, particularly resource poor and landless people. Centralised and bureaucratic approaches to control forest and encroachment have largely failed. Despite investing millions of Rupees in maintaining law and order in forestlands, the problem continues to worsen often at the cost of forests and local communities. We found that transferring management rights to local communities like landless and land poor in the form of community forestry (CF) has induced strong local level collective action in forest management and supported local livelihoods. Moreover, adding adaptive learning, as a methodological tool to improve governance and enhance local level collective action significantly improves the benefit of CF. It implies that a major rethinking is needed in the current policies that have often led to hostile relationships with the local inhabitants- particularly the illegal settlers. Instead, transferring forest rights to local communities and supporting them through technical aspects of forest management will strengthen local initiatives towards sustainable management of forests.

scholarly journals Approaching the Optimal Solution of the Maximal α-quasi-clique Local Community Problem

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1438
Author(s):  
Patricia Conde-Cespedes
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Interesting Task ◽  
Local Community Detection ◽  
Networks Analysis ◽  
Node Problem

Complex networks analysis (CNA) has attracted so much attention in the last few years. An interesting task in CNA complex network analysis is community detection. In this paper, we focus on Local Community Detection, which is the problem of detecting the community of a given node of interest in the whole network. Moreover, we study the problem of finding local communities of high density, known as α-quasi-cliques in graph theory (for high values of α in the interval ]0,1[). Unfortunately, the higher α is, the smaller the communities become. This led to the maximal α-quasi-clique community of a given node problem, which is, the problem of finding local communities that are α-quasi-cliques of maximal size. This problem is NP-hard, then, to approach the optimal solution, some heuristics exist. When α is high (>0.5) the diameter of a maximal α-quasi-clique is at most 2. Based on this property, we propose an algorithm to calculate an upper bound to approach the optimal solution. We evaluate our method in real networks and conclude that, in most cases, the bound is very accurate. Furthermore, for a real small network, the optimal value is exactly achieved in more than 80% of cases.

scholarly journals Local Candidates, Place-Based Identities, and Electoral Success

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schulte-Cloos ◽  
Paul C. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Matching Strategy

AbstractWhile a large body of literature empirically documents an electoral advantage for local candidates, the exact mechanisms accounting for this effect remain less clear. We integrate theories on the political geography of candidate-voter relations with socio-psychological accounts of citizens’ local attachment, arguing that citizens vote for candidates from their own local communities as an expression of their place-based identity. To test our argument, we exploit a unique feature of the German mixed-member electoral system. We identify the causal effect of candidates’ localness by relying on within-electoral-district variation coupled with a geo-matching strategy on the level of municipalities ($$\hbox {N}=11175$$ N = 11175 ). The results show that voters exhibit a strong bias in favor of local candidates even when they are not competitive. More than only expecting particularistic benefits from representatives, citizens appear to vote for candidates from their own local community to express their place-based social identity.

Assessing the Benefits and Economic Feasibility of Stand Improvement for Central Hardwood Forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Wang ◽  
Wu Ma ◽  
Lenny D Farlee ◽  
Elizabeth A Jackson ◽  
Guofan Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Study Region ◽  
White River ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Incentive Program ◽  
Quality Incentive

Abstract Stand improvement (SI) has been widely accepted as an effective forest management tool. Yet most studies on its economic feasibility for nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners are outdated and focus on the single stand level. The objective of this study was to conduct an economic assessment of SI’s effects and feasibility in hardwood stands for a case study in the White River Basin in Indiana. It is shown that SI could make these forests more productive and sustainable than the prevalent “hands-off” practice by enhancing the timber value of the residual stand (TV), generating regular timber income, and to some degree, reversing the decline in oak dominance. On average, a 25% increment in the TV could be achieved. Although costly for some NIPFs, once combined with voluntary financial incentive programs, SI could meet landowners’ demands for low-cost, high-return investment options. In particular, participation in the Environmental Quality Incentive Program could, on average, increase the net present value of timber income from thinning activities by nearly $1,600 per hectare over the course of 30 years. The spatial analysis revealed that there existed considerable spatial heterogeneity in SI benefits and impacts, suggesting that public incentive programs should be spatially targeted to achieve greater efficiency. Study Implications This study found that stand improvement (SI) could significantly improve the timber value of forestland in the central hardwood region. Participation in voluntary conservation programs, such as the Environmental Quality Incentive Program, could alleviate part of the SI cost thus making it an attractive investment opportunity for private landowners. For the study region, the White River Basin in Indiana, the results suggested that there existed substantial variations in SI’s effectiveness across space. This implied that program administrators of voluntary incentives could improve the efficiency of public funds allocation by considering this spatial variation when evaluating landowners’ applications for incentives.

scholarly journals Quantitative Ethnomedicinal Status and Phytochemical Analysis of Berberis lyceum Royle

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Nausheen Nazir ◽  
Abdur Rahman ◽  
Faheem Uddin ◽  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

Berberis lyceum Royle has such pronounced medicinal values that it is used as cure of many diseases and has exhibited great therapeutic effects among the local communities throughout the world. The present research was carried out to evaluate the quantitative ethnobotanical status and phytochemical analysis of B. lyceum. Regular field trips were arranged to the study area (Shangla District) in August 2017 to October 2019 and interviews with 100 residents (age range: 30 to 50 years) were conducted. The approach adopted for ethnobotanical data was semi-scientific as the inhabitants were not aware about the modern names of some diseases and therefore physician prescriptions were also consulted. Ethnobotanical data were examined using relative frequency of citation and % use value. The % use value of B. lyceum indicates that the people of District Shangla mostly used it for curing of different diseases. In spite of tremendous uses the plant still survived in this area mainly due to the non-accessibility for humans of the mountain tops; otherwise, increase in anthropogenic activities even in these hilly areas poses a threat of the eradication of this plant. To correlate the folkloric uses with its phytochemical composition, HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis was performed and a total of six phenolic compounds (quercetin, chlorogenic acid, berberine, rutin, mandellic acid, and hydroxy benzoic acid) were identified in its root. As most of the health complications are correlated to oxidative stress therefore in vitro antioxidant activity were also performed using DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2′-azinobis-3-ethyl benzo thiazoline -6- sulfonic acid) assays. The observed antioxidant potential may most probably be due to berberine and chlorogenic acid that were present in highest concentration in the analyzed extract. The effectiveness of the selected plant as remedy for a number of diseases (that were pointed out by the local community) may be due to its phytochemical composition especially berberine and chlorogenic acid as oxidative stress is the root cause of many diseases. The plant extract exhibited high antioxidant potential (DPPH IC50 = 165µg/mL; ABTSIC50 = 110µg/mL) in relation to the detected concentration of berberine and chlorogenic acid. It can be inferred from experimental results that the ethnopharmacological efficacy of this endangered species may be due to its phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities. This case study helps to revive the importance of B. lyceum in local communities and emphasizes the need for its conservation.

Therapeutic communities and the local community: isolation or integration?

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David William Best ◽  
Gerard Byrne ◽  
David Pullen ◽  
Jacqui Kelly ◽  
Karen Elliot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Salvation Army ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Action Research Project ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the feasibility of utilising an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) model in the context of an Alcohol and Other Drug Therapeutic Community, and to use this as a way of assessing how TCs can contribute to the local communities in which they are sited. Design/methodology/approach – This is a qualitative action research project, based on an evolving model in which key stakeholders from participating sites were instrumental in shaping processes and activities, that is a partnership between a research centre, Turning Point in Melbourne, Australia and two Recovery Services operated by the Salvation Army Australia Eastern Territory (TSA). One of these is the Dooralong Transformation Centre on the Central Coast of New South Wales and the other, Fairhaven, is in the Gold Coast hinterland of Queensland, Australia. The project was designed to create “rehabilitation without walls” by building bridges between the treatment centres and the communities they are based in, and improving participation in local community life. This was done through a series of structured workshops that mapped community asset networks and planned further community engagement activities. Findings – Both of the TCs already had strong connections in their local areas including but not restricted to involvement with the mutual aid fellowships. Staff, residents and ex-residents still in contact with the service were strongly committed to community engagement and were able to identify a wide range of connections in the community and to build these around existing Salvation Army connections and networks. Research limitations/implications – This is a pilot study with limited research findings and no assessment of the generalisability of this method to other settings or TCs. Practical implications – Both TCs are able to act as “community resources” through which residents and ex-residents are able to give back to their local communities and develop the social and community capital that can prepare them for reintegration and can positively contribute to the experience of living in the local community. Social implications – This paper has significant ramifications for how TCs engage with their local communities both as a mechanism for supporting resident re-entry and also to challenge stigma and discrimination. Originality/value – The paper and project extend the idea of ABCD to a Reciprocal Community Development model in which TCs can act as active participants in their lived communities and by doing so can create a “therapeutic landscape for recovery”.

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