scholarly journals Bridging the divide: A framework for social-ecological coherence in Marine Protected Area network design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian Rees ◽  
Simon J. Pittman ◽  
Nicola Foster ◽  
Olivia Langmead ◽  
Charly Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Ecological Coherence ◽  
Mpa Network

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and networks of MPAs are being implemented globally as a spatial management tool for achieving conservation objectives. There has been considerable progress in reaching the prescribed 10% protected area target for 2020, outlined in the Convention on Biological Diversity Aichi Target 11 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.The application of MPA network design principles (e.g. Representative, ecological connectivity), which underpin ecological coherence, is still lacking or insufficient in many regions. Poor ecological coherence hinders the ecological performance of MPA networks, leading to dysfunction in the flow of ecosystem services and reduced ecosystem benefits, with potentially negative consequences for human well‐being.This paper presents four pivotal focus points for future progress that can bridge the gap between ecological and social systems. The aim is to shift the discourse of ‘ecological coherence’ further into the social sphere, and hence support the alignment of the process of designating ecologically coherent MPA networks with the ‘triple bottom line’ of economic development, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion, as described in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to achieve social–ecological coherence in MPA network design.

scholarly journals Bridging the divide: Social-ecological coherence in Marine Protected Area network design

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 754-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian E. Rees ◽  
Simon J. Pittman ◽  
Nicola Foster ◽  
Olivia Langmead ◽  
Charly Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Protected Area Network ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Ecological Coherence

scholarly journals An adaptable toolkit to assess commercial fishery costs and benefits related to marine protected area network design

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Rémi M. Daigle ◽  
Cristián J. Monaco ◽  
Ashley K. Elgin
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
R Package ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Mpa Network

Around the world, governments are establishing Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks to meet their commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. MPAs are often used in an effort to conserve biodiversity and manage fisheries stocks. However, their efficacy and effect on fisheries yields remain unclear. We conducted a case-study on the economic impact of different MPA network design strategies on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries in Canada. The open-source R package that we developed to analyze this case study can be customized to conduct similar analyses for other systems. We used a spatially-explicit individual-based model of population growth and dispersal coupled with a fisheries management and harvesting component. We found that MPA networks that both protect the target species’ habitat and were spatially optimized to improve population connectivity had the highest net present value (i.e., were most profitable for the fishing industry). These higher profits were achieved primarily by reducing the distance travelled for fishing and reducing the probability of a moratorium event. These findings add to a growing body of knowledge demonstrating the importance of incorporating population connectivity in the MPA planning process, as well as the ability of this R package to explore ecological and economic consequences of alternative MPA network designs.

scholarly journals Isn’t it time we transitioned to integrated sustainability? De-codifying the hard-soft divide from a systems-theoretic perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadwa Chaker ◽  
Samuel K. Bonsu ◽  
Majid K. El Ghaib ◽  
Diego Vazquez-Brust
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Conceptual Systems ◽  
Sustainability Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrated Sustainability

Purpose The instrumental-normative divide that has historically characterized approaches to societal sustainability has also resulted in a rift between underlying mental models and methods destined to address the issue. This separation makes our understanding and tackling of the present global ecological problems only limited and ineffective. The present work aims to draw on theoretical background to develop a conceptual framework for transitioning to integrated corporate sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Drawing inspiration from Luhmann’s (1995) theory of social systems, we consider the instrumental (hard) and normative (soft) methods (Jackson 2019) for corporate sustainability as “conceptual systems” that derive much of traditional social systems’ attributes. These systems are autopoietic, complexity-reducing and functionally differentiated. Following Luhmann’s philosophical grounding, we suggest that integrating the two systems of hard and soft methods boils down to constraining both systems’ internal complexity by imposing limitations on their operational structures. This translates into a decodification–recodification process whereby new methods emerge as a combination of initially disconnected structures. Findings The proposed conceptual integration framework is applied to the case of the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) which has been recently subject to inconclusive controversy. Our work demonstrates that redesigning the SBSC’s architecture following the presented framework leads to embracing complexity, tensions and conflict all the while offering a systematic approach for properly identifying and quantifying cause–effect relationships. Moreover, the proposed framework scores high in Complexity and Systemicity measures, making it both durable and practically useful. More generally, this work drives home the point that an integrated approach to sustainability management is not only important but also feasible and theoretically durable. Research limitations/implications Theoretically, the present work underscores the contribution of systems theory, and particularly the Luhmannian perspective, to transcending some of the most salient “divides” in approaches to societal sustainability. The decodification–recodification process not only enables integrating two distinct conceptual systems, but it also transforms the divide into an opportunity to gain a fresher perspective on one of the most challenging issues of our time. This process may demand, however, some adjustments as we move across various function systems, which requires solid knowledge and understanding of the underlying “codes” that define the systems subject to integration. Practical implications This work implies that integration of varied and sometimes outwardly opposed function systems can and must be carried out to achieve larger societal impact. With respect to the illustrated case, the emerging dynamic SBSC offers a viable strategic planning platform whereby managers and stakeholders can concurrently define, forecast and adjust the societal strategy that maximizes triple bottom-line indicators and sustainable development impact. Social implications Providing decision and policymakers with integrated sustainability management approaches and instruments will have a direct benefit on enhancing the way systems, and large corporations in particular, treat and deal with nature and human beings. Originality/value We propose that proper integration of multiple function systems, employing integrative, unbiased and structured methodologies, can be decisive in challenging current practices in sustainability management and in providing informed guidance for making the high-stake decisions needed in the transition towards sustainable development of business and society.

scholarly journals An adaptable toolkit to assess commercial fishery costs and benefits related to marine protected area network design

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi M. Daigle ◽  
Cristián J. Monaco ◽  
Ashley K. Elgin
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Mpa Network

Around the world, governments are establishing Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks to meet their commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. MPAs are often used in an effort to conserve biodiversity and manage fisheries stocks. However, their efficacy and effect on fisheries yields remain unclear. We conducted a case-study on the economic impact of different MPA network design strategies on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries in Canada. The open-source R toolbox that we developed to analyze this case study can be customized to conduct similar analyses for other systems. We used a spatially-explicit individual-based model of population growth and dispersal coupled with a fisheries management and harvesting component. We found that MPA networks that both protect the target species’ habitat (particularly the spawning grounds), and were spatially optimized to improve population connectivity had the highest net present value (i.e., were most profitable for the fishing industry). These higher profits were achieved primarily by reducing the distance travelled for fishing and reducing the probability of a moratorium event. These findings add to a growing body of knowledge demonstrating the importance of incorporating population connectivity in the MPA planning process, as well as the ability of this R toolbox to explore ecological and economic consequences of alternative MPA network designs.

scholarly journals Marine protected area network design features that support resilient human-ocean systems: Applications for British Columbia, Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenn M. Burt ◽  
Phillip Akins ◽  
Erin Latham ◽  
Martina Beck ◽  
Anne K. Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
Mpa Network

In this report, we synthesize the overarching principles and general guidelines that underpin the establishment of marine protected area (MPA) networks designed to meet ecological, governance, social and cultural objectives, based on the peer-reviewed literature. These guidelines are supported by scientific research, institutional experience and global case studies, and take a social-ecological systems approach to marine conservation. Information reviewed in this report suggests that the design of MPAs and MPA networks require the simultaneous consideration of ecological features and processes, governance arrangements, economic costs and benefits, as well as social and cultural values. Planners, managers and decision-makers can use the guidelines synthesized in this report to support the process of MPA network design in their local contexts. We discuss how several of the design guidelines apply to the Pacific region of British Columbia (B.C.), Canada, given the federal and provincial governments have committed to establishing a bioregional network of MPAs.In this report we reviewed and synthesized:› Ecological principles and guidelines for MPA network design, with discussion and recommendations on how each of these principles could be applied in B.C.;› Species-specific movement and larval duration estimates for a selection of marine species of ecological, economic, cultural and conservation importance in B.C., with recommendations on how this can inform guidelines on the size and spacing of MPA networks in B.C.;› Overarching principles from global literature on good governance of MPAs and MPA networks;› Design goals and strategies for achieving different social objectives in MPA and MPA network planning; and› Opportunities and challenges for integrating local knowledge systems (focus on Traditional Ecological Knowledge) into marine planning and MPA design.Lastly, we assessed relevant B.C. policy documents using the ecological and good governance guideline frame- works.According to our synthesis of the literature, successful establishment and effective management of MPA networks depend on legitimate and effective governance arrangements that can accommodate ecological criteria while considering the perspectives and input of local resource users and stakeholders. Furthermore, policy makers should specify MPA objectives as this will guide design priorities, assessment and monitoring, and ensure that trade-o s are transparent.Overall, the principles and guidelines synthesized in this report support an approach to MPA design that incorporates biodiversity and ecosystem resilience objectives while recognizing human uses and values. Our compendium of information is most relevant to MPA planning processes in B.C., but can be applied and adapted to MPA and MPA network design in any other region.

Development of entrepreneurship in valuable natural rural areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 753-770
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Slusarza ◽  
Marek Cierpial-Wolan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Synthetic Indicators ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
Endogenous Potential ◽  
Urbanized Region

The values of the natural environment in the subject literature are commonly indicated as an asset conducive to development shaping the competitiveness of areas with such values. The paper attempts to assess the use of endogenous potential of such areas in shaping the multifunctional, sustainable development of rural areas that have such qualities. In particular, the aim was to check to what extent the sme sector, dominating in the economic structure of rural areas, solves the key problem of labour market imbalance and population migration in environmentally valuable areas. The area of detailed research is Podkarpacie, the Polish region considered as a peripheral, border region, the least urbanized region with the highest share of areas covered by various forms of nature protection and forestation, with one of the lowest gdp per capita indicator in the country. For the purpose of implementing the research assumptions, a taxonomic unit (using the complete linkage method) consisting of powiats with the highest concentration of features characteristic for rural areas of high natural values was separated. Synthetic indicators calculated on the basis of the Hellwig taxonomic development pattern method and a positional method using Weber's median were used to assess the diversity of entrepreneurship level. The research confirmed that the non-agricultural economic activity sector is less developed in areas of high natural value. Despite positive developments in the enterprise sector, their potential is too weak an economic base for addressing unsustainable labour market problems, as evidenced by high unemployment and a high negative migration balance. This limits the use of the endogenous potential of these areas and is not conducive to the concept of multifunctional, sustainable development. Migration poses a threat to the depopulation of these areas with all the negative consequences associated with such processes. This is a challenge for the studied areas and regional policy.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & Education for Sustainable Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
R.S.S. Nehru
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Strategic Csr ◽  
Corporate Social

Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large” According to World Business Council for Sustainable Development, In globalization era education plays a crucial role in building the society and Nation. India is the highest country in a number of universities which constitute more than seven hundred universities, including private, public and semi sectors. Despite India have more institutions and strategies for education still Indian education is not competitive and performing infancy stage as compared to world class level. Education has pivotal role in nation building and molding superb wings of human recourse. In globalized economy and the privatization the education have been transformed into rural or root level of sustainable development in all sorts of human life. Adopting a businesslike approach which emphasizes a strategic CSR is important to survival in this increasingly competitive arena. It does not appear as a surprise to see universities and colleges discover the opportunity to move the focus beyond the classrooms into their own institutional operations. Universities, colleges and schools are the centers of knowledge generation and sharing perform a very important role in addressing the Triple Bottom Line of the world’ socioeconomic and environmental issues by promoting sustainable solutions. This paper discusses the good CSR practices and some suggestions that can boost up the CSR management and make invites on education sector.

Political Translation and the Sustainable Development Goals

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-188
Author(s):  
Chris G. Pope ◽  
Meng Ji ◽  
Xuemei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

The chapter argues that whether or not the world is successful in attaining sustainability, political systems are in a process of epoch-defining change as a result of the unsustainable demands of our social systems. This chapter theorizes a framework for analyzing the political “translation” of sustainability norms within national polities. Translation, in this sense, denotes the political reinterpretation of sustainable development as well as the national capacities and contexts which impact how sustainability agendas can be instrumentalized. This requires an examination into the political architecture of a national polity, the norms that inform a political process, socioecological contexts, the main communicative channels involved in the dissemination of political discourse and other key structures and agencies, and the kinds of approaches toward sustainability that inform the political process. This framework aims to draw attention to the ways in which global economic, political, and social systems are adapting and transforming as a result of unsustainability and to further understanding of the effectiveness of globally diffused sustainability norms in directing that change.

scholarly journals Modelling the Quality of Bathing Waters in the Adriatic Sea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1525
Author(s):  
Christian Ferrarin ◽  
Pierluigi Penna ◽  
Antonella Penna ◽  
Vedrana Spada ◽  
Fabio Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Bathing Water Directive ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Study Sites

The aim of this study is to develop a relocatable modelling system able to describe the microbial contamination that affects the quality of coastal bathing waters. Pollution events are mainly triggered by urban sewer outflows during massive rainy events, with relevant negative consequences on the marine environment and tourism and related activities of coastal towns. A finite element hydrodynamic model was applied to five study areas in the Adriatic Sea, which differ for urban, oceanographic and morphological conditions. With the help of transport-diffusion and microbial decay modules, the distribution of Escherichia coli was investigated during significant events. The numerical investigation was supported by detailed in situ observational datasets. The model results were evaluated against water level, sea temperature, salinity and E. coli concentrations acquired in situ, demonstrating the capacity of the modelling suite in simulating the circulation in the coastal areas of the Adriatic Sea, as well as several main transport and diffusion dynamics, such as riverine and polluted waters dispersion. Moreover, the results of the simulations were used to perform a comparative analysis among the different study sites, demonstrating that dilution and mixing, mostly induced by the tidal action, had a stronger effect on bacteria reduction with respect to microbial decay. Stratification and estuarine dynamics also play an important role in governing microbial concentration. The modelling suite can be used as a beach management tool for improving protection of public health, as required by the EU Bathing Water Directive.

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