scholarly journals Body size after-effects are adult-like from 11 years onwards

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Batish ◽  
Amelia Parchment ◽  
Martin Tovee ◽  
Lynda Boothroyd
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adaptation Test ◽  
Experimental Adaptation

There is considerable evidence that adults’ perception of body weight can be manipulated through adaptation paradigms in which participants are visually exposed to multiple bodies at one weight extreme or the other. No study has yet examined how early such effects can be clearly documented. In the current study we ran an identical experimental adaptation test with adults, 11-12 year olds and 14-15 year olds. Participants viewed bodies ranging from a BMI of 11 to 31 kg/m2 before and after being adapted to bodies with BMIs below 16 or about 30. Results showed that participants adapted to larger bodies showed a significant change in their weight estimates, such that they were less likely to rate larger bodies as overweight, but showed less change in their ratings of slim bodies. This effect was equally evident in all three age groups, suggesting that this aspect of body perception is functionally mature by 11 years of age.

Metabolic Rate of Female Rats as a Function of Age and Body Size

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Kleiber ◽  
Arthur H. Smith ◽  
Theodore N. Chernikoff
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Unit

On the basis of 926 respiration trials, metabolic rates of normal female rats are presented as means of 42 different age groups from birth to 1000 days of age. The means with their standard errors are given for the metabolic rates per rat, per kilogram weight, per unit of the 2/3 power of body weight (surface), and per unit of the 3/4 power of body weight (inter specific unit of metabolic body size). A minimum of 72.6 Cal/kg.3/4 occurs between the ages of 200 and 300 days. An equation with two exponentials predicts the metabolic rate of rats from 77–1000 days of age with a standard deviation between prediction and observation of 2.2% of the mean.

Statics of the respiratory system and growth: an experimental and allometric approach

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (5) ◽  
pp. R336-R341 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Fisher ◽  
J. P. Mortola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Residual Capacity

Static mechanical properties of the respiratory system have been examined during growth. Static inflation limb pressure-volume curves were obtained in rats and rabbits of three age groups, newborn, 2 wk, and adult. Lung weight-to-body weight ratio (LW/BW) decreased with age. Functional residual capacity (FRC) decreased with age when expressed per unit BW but increased when expressed per unit LW. Elastic recoil pressure of the lung at FRC increased during growth. Respiratory system and chest wall compliance per unit body weight (Crs/BW, Cw/BW) decreased during growth while lung compliance (CL/LW) increased. Examination of the newborn and adult allometric functions with respect to each other, suggests that, in general, changes in respiratory variables during growth are age dependent rather than size dependent. The slopes of these functions during growth tend to be less than the allometric slopes found in either the newborn or adult. In the adult the respiratory system and lung-specific compliances are interspecific constants, whereas chest wall specific compliance decreases with body size. In contrast, all the specific compliances of the newborn are size independent. The allometric ratio of Cw to CL decreases with body size in the adult, whereas this ratio is larger in the newborn and is an interspecific constant.

Age-Related Changes in Distribution of Body Weight on Soles of Feet for Selected Actions and Postures

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Yanagida ◽  
Takaaki Asami
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Soles Of The Feet ◽  
Age Related Changes

We investigated age-related changes in the distribution of body weight on soles of feet in 878 healthy subjects ranging from 5 to 80 years of age. By modifying Morton's Staticometer, we constructed an instrument for measuring body-weight distribution over three areas of soles of the feet, the big toe (inner forefoot), the other four toes combined (outer forefoot) and the heels for both feet, thus a total of six areas. The weights in the six areas were recorded at the completion of nine selected actions and postures. We observed that for inhaling and exhaling standing postures, generally younger subjects had a ratio close to 1:2:3 for weights recorded for the inner toe:outer toes:heels as observed by Morton, but elderly subjects had a smaller value than 3 for the heel. The body-weight distribution tended to shift from heels to outer toes across age groups, which was more distinctly observed in women than in men.

An evaluation of body size as related to weight of three West African breeds of cattle in Nigeria

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Buvanendran ◽  
J. E. Umoh ◽  
B. Y. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Regression Coefficient ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Body Condition Scores

SummaryBody measurements and weights of animals of varying ages were recorded in White Fulani (Bunaji), Sokoto Gudali and N'dama breeds of cattle. Chest girth accounted for 86–96% of the variation in body weight in the three breeds. The linear regression coefficient of weight on chest girth in the N'dama differed significantly from the other two breeds. Within each breed, the regression coefficient of young animals was lower than those of older groups. The variables that contributed most to improving the prediction of weights when added to chest girth were rump length and body length. Animals with low body condition scores had lower regression coefficients of weight on chest girth than those with high scores.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pijit Bayi (pe’e) Tradisional Bima Terhadap Status Gizi Bayi Usia 5-12 Bulan di Kecamatan Bolo Kabupaten Bima

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Kurniadi Kurniadi ◽  
Mardiatun Mardiatun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Massage will also stimulate the vagus nerve which will produce gastrin and insulin enzymes so that absorption of the digestive tract is better, the stomach is empty faster, and the baby will be hungry more often, so the baby will suckle more often, and the end result will be an increase in baby's weight. One of the most important indicators in assessing nutritional fulfillment in infants is taking into account body weight (Zulhaida, 2003). Weight is the most important anthropometric measure, used at every opportunity to examine the health of infants in all age groups (Soetjiningsih, 1998: 38). This research is a quasi-experimental study with pre and post test designs in the same group. The researcher will assess the nutritional status of infants aged 5-12 months before and after the traditional massage (pe'e). Sampling was carried out in Bolo Subdistrict, Bima District by using Purposive sampling, which was conducted in September to November 2018 with a total sample of 140 respondents. Data was collected using an observation sheet. The results of this study found that the weight of infants aged 5-12 months before peee was in the sub-normal category, the weight of infants aged 5-12 months experienced an increase after pe'e I and pe'e II, the results of data analysis found there was an influence weight gain before and after pee is done in infants aged 5-12 months

scholarly journals Impact of Face Masks on Female Body Perception is Modulated by Facial Expressions

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 030100662110610
Author(s):  
Eleanor Mills ◽  
Kun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Body Attractiveness ◽  
Body Size Estimation

People routinely wear face masks during the pandemic, but little is known about their impact on body perception. In this online study, we presented female body images of Caucasian avatars in common dress sizes displaying happy, angry, and neutral facial expressions with and without face masks, and asked women to rate the perceived body attractiveness and body size. In comparison with mask-off condition, mask-on decreased body attractiveness ratings for happy avatars but did not affect ratings for neutral avatars irrespective of avatar dress sizes. For avatars displaying angry expressions, mask-on increased body attractiveness ratings for slimmer avatars but did not affect ratings for larger avatars. On the other hand, body size estimation was not systematically affected by face masks and facial expressions. It appears that face masks mainly show an expression-dependent influence on body attractiveness judgement, possibly through suppressing the perceived facial expressions.

scholarly journals BMI, Body Perception, and Approach to Eating and Diet in Adolescent Girls

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402096281
Author(s):  
Joanna Sadowska ◽  
Izabela Dziaduch ◽  
Magda Bruszkowska ◽  
Karolina Ziółkowska
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Anthropometric Assessment

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of weight status on body perception and satisfaction, occurrence of Anorexia Readiness Syndrome (ARS), and dietary behaviors in adolescent girls. The study was conducted among 516 girls aged 14 to 16 living in Szczecin (Poland). The ARS Diagnosis Questionnaire designed by Ziółkowska and the author’s own questionnaire about self-perception of body were used, and anthropometric assessment was performed. The weight status significantly affected weight status perception, body satisfaction, and dietary behaviors. The girls with a body mass index (BMI) > 50th percentile more often were dissatisfied with their bodies and more often showed at least a medium ARS level. The girls with a BMI ≤ 50th percentile more often overestimated their body weight, and transferred the feeling of being unattractive to their faces. Results of this study demonstrate the importance of education for adolescent girls to help realistically assess body size and promote healthy bodies and eating behaviors, regardless of the weight status.

Ultrasound study of fetal movements in singleton and twin pregnancies at 12–19 weeks

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 832-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa AboEllail ◽  
Kenji Kanenishi ◽  
Nobuhiro Mori ◽  
Junko Noguchi ◽  
Genzo Marumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
General Movement

Abstract Objective To evaluate fetal behavioral differences between singleton and twin fetuses before 20 weeks of gestation using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound. Methods 4D ultrasound was used to examine fetal movements in 58 singleton and 48 twin normal fetuses at 12–19 weeks. The frequencies of eight fetal movements were assessed through 15-min recordings. The fetuses were divided into two gestational age groups (12–13 and 14–19 weeks) to evaluate the changes with advancing gestation in twin versus singleton fetuses. Results Arm and general movements were the most frequent movements in singleton fetuses, whereas only general movement was significantly more frequent than the other seven fetal movements in twin fetuses at 12–13 weeks. At 14–19 weeks, frequencies of arm and leg movements were significantly higher than those of the other six movements in singleton fetuses, while only arm movement was significantly more frequent than the other fetal movements in twin fetuses. Comparisons of fetal movements between singleton and twin fetuses revealed that only arm movement showed a significant difference at 12–13 weeks, while the frequencies of all movements in singleton fetuses were significantly higher than those in twin fetuses at 14–19 weeks. Conclusion Our results suggest that the limitation of available space and crowding of twin fetuses with advancing gestation may have a marked impact on twin fetal movements compared with singleton fetuses, even in the first half of pregnancy. Further studies are needed to assess whether decreased fetal movements in twin pregnancy can affect fetal and neonatal development and maturation before and after birth.

Observations on the epidemiology of coccidial infections in sheep under varying conditions of intensive husbandry including chemoprophylaxis with monensin

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Gregory ◽  
Janet Catchpole ◽  
L. P. Joyner ◽  
B. N. J. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Very High

SummaryCoccidiosis occurs sporadically in lambs at about 6 weeks of age when oocyst output is very high in healthy as well as in diseased lambs. These experiments were designed to throw light on the source of infection and to correlate oocyst output in lambs and ewes with performance in lambs. In two experiments, one indoors on deep litter the other in outdoor paddocks, oocyst output (of different coccidial species), body weight and clinical state of lambs were recorded weekly. Oocyst output in ewes was also recorded, starting 1–4 weeks before lambing. Monensin was included in the concentrates of ewes and/or lambs, up to lambing or before and after lambing. No periparturient rise was detected in the oocyst output of ewes. Monensin drastically reduced oocyst output in animals receiving it. Oocyst output in lambs appeared to be little affected by the output of ewes around the lambing period, but was reduced if the ewes' output was kept low after lambing. Lambs receiving monensin tended to produce drier faeces but their weight gain was not significantly greater than that of controls. Eimeria crandallis was the predominant species in the lambs, followed by E. ovinoidalis and E. ovina.

scholarly journals CHARAKTERISTICS OF BALI CATTLE YOUNG BULL UNDER TRADITIONALLY LIVESTOCK SYSTEM IN MERBAUN VILLAGE REGENCY OF KUPANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Abdullah Baharun ◽  
Henderiana L. L Belli ◽  
Thomas M Hine
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Young Bull ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Livestock System

An experiment had been conducted in Merbaun Village, Regency of Kupang for three months. The objective of the experiment was to know characteristics of Bali cattle Bull i.e. age and body weight, body score condition, linier body size (e.g. chest girth, body length, and shoulder height), libido, scrotum circumference, and semen production. 125 of Bali cattle Bull with aged about 2-2,5 years were used  in physical measured while nine Bull were choosen randomly to measure libido and semen production. The results of the experiment showed that the average age and body weight were 25.83 ± 0.3719 months and 207.37 ± 1.84 kg, with BCS of 3.97 ± 0.04  (from 5 score), and the chest girth, body length, and shoulder height were 158.27 ± 0.71 cm, 106.87 ± 0.26 cm, and 108.55 ± 0.37 cm, respectively. About 77 head (61.6%) was brown colour, and the other 48 (38.4%) was black, with moderate of capacity of libido (score 7.22 ± 0.66  from  9 score). The average of scrotum circumference was 25.67±1.20 cm, volume of semen were  2.54±0.69 ml and sperm concentration was 1.26 x 109 per ml repectively. Of the total of 125 Bali cattle young bull, only 26% fulfilled the Indonesia Standard of Bali young bull.Key word : young bull, bali cattel, traditionally livestock.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document