scholarly journals The influence of signs of social class on prosocial behavior: A field experiment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett Callaghan ◽  
Quinton Michael Delgadillo ◽  
Michael W. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Social Class ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One

A field experiment (N = 4,537) examined how signs of social class influence prosocial behavior. In the experiment, pedestrians were exposed to a target wearing symbols of relatively high or low social class in two major urban cities in the USA who was presumably requesting money to help the homeless. Pedestrians gave more than twice (2.55 times) as much to the target wearing high social class symbols than they did to the one wearing lower-class symbols. A follow-up perceptual study exposed participants to images of this panhandler wearing the same higher- or lower-class symbols, finding that higher-class symbols elicited perceptions of elevated competence, trustworthiness, similarity to the self, and perceived humanity compared to lower-class symbols. These results indicate that perceivers use visible signs of social class as a basis for judging others’ traits and attributes, and in decisions to directly share resources.

The Influence of Social Class on Activity Preferences of Comunidades Eclesiais de Base (CEBs) in the Archdiocese of São Paulo

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The Self ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Activity Preferences

A number of interpretations have recently emerged which attempt to explain the nature and sociopolitical implications of Roman Catholic base Christian communities (CEBs) in Brazil. Most studies have tended to describe these small, informal lay groups as a predominantly lower-class phenomenon which is facilitating the self-liberation of the poor from the weight of centuries-old political and economic oppression.

scholarly journals People from lower social classes elicit greater prosociality: Compassion and deservingness matter

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022098207
Author(s):  
Niels J. Van Doesum ◽  
Paul A. M. Van Lange ◽  
Joshua M. Tybur ◽  
Ana Leal ◽  
Eric Van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Target Class ◽  
Dictator Games ◽  
The Uk

People are quick to form impressions of others’ social class, and likely adjust their behavior accordingly. If social class is linked to prosociality, as literature suggests, then an interaction partner’s class should affect prosocial behavior, especially when costs or investments are low. We test this expectation using social mindfulness (SoMi) and dictator games (DG) as complementary measures of prosociality. We manipulate target class by providing information regarding a target’s (a) position on a social class ladder, and (b) family background. Three studies using laboratory and online approaches ( Noverall = 557) in two nations (the Netherlands [NL], the UK), featuring actual and hypothetical exchanges, reveal that lower class targets are met with greater prosociality than higher class targets, even when based on information about the targets’ parents (Study 3). The effect of target class was partially mediated by compassion (Studies 2 and 3) and perceived deservingness of the target (Study 3). Implications and limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals The social class of the Baptist: Dissident retainer or peasant millennialist?

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Strijdom
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psalms Of Solomon ◽  
The One ◽  
Named Groups

In this article the Baptist is compared with the upper-class/literate millennialists behind the Psalms of Solomon, the Testament of Moses, the Similitudes of 1 Enoch, and the Qumran scrolls on the one hand, and with the lower-class/illiterate millennialist movements in Josephus on the other hand. The argument is developed in constant dialogue with the analyses of John Dominic Crossan. After an initial statement of historical facts about the Baptist, these are compared with the named groups in terms of each one’s (1) criticism of the social-political and religious status quo, (2) depiction of the imagined mediator through whom God was expected to intervene, (3) portrayal of the violent/non-violent intervention of God and the group respectively, and (4) social ethics. It is concluded that John shows closer resemblance to the literate than illiterate millennialists, and should therefore rather be considered as a dissident retainer.

Self-Control and Enuresis

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammie Ronen ◽  
Giora Rahav ◽  
Yochanan Wozner
Keyword(s):  
Token Economy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One

This paper presents the link between self-control and childhood enuresis, assuming that enuresis is maintained by deficiencies in self-control skills, whether caused by physiological, behavioral, or cognitive components. Acquisition of self-control skills is proposed as helping in eliminating enuresis. Seventy-seven enuretic children (aged 7 to 14) were randomly assigned to three treatment modes (bell and pad, token economy, and cognitive therapy) and to one control group. The self-control skills of children and their parents and the frequency of enuresis were measured before and after treatment. Results showed a negative correlation between self-control and enuresis on the one hand and between the acquisition of self-control skills and recovery from enuresis on the other hand. The results also highlighted the need for a follow-up period to determine the different longer-term effects of treatments.

scholarly journals Social Class, Symptom Type and the Utilization of Children's Psychiatric Services

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Beitchman
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Ottawa Hospital ◽  
High Social Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Symptom Type

This paper examines three aspects of the distribution and use of children's psychiatric services in Canada under National Health Insurance. These are: 1) Class disparities in the utilization rates of these services; 2) The extent to which those children most in need of treatment are receiving it; and 3) The extent of unmet need for psychiatric services for children 17 years of age and under in the Ottawa-Carleton region. The subjects of this investigation were 96 children between the ages of 6.5 and 12 years who have attended the Children's Services at the Royal Ottawa Hospital. The results indicate that class disparities in the distribution of services were the reverse of those typically found under private fee-for-service arrangements. The high social class had the lowest proportionate use and the welfare classes the highest. In addition, there was a significant association between social class and age for the boys only; the higher the social class, the younger the boy at the time of referral. Almost two-thirds of this sample were found to have antisocial and aggressive disorders. Consistent with estimates of the high rates of these disorders in the general population, this suggests that a proportionate number of those children most in need of treatment are receiving it. For children 17 years of age and under, the one-year treated prevalence of disorder in the Ottawa-Carleton region was estimated to be .95%. Though higher than reports from other sources, it is clear that free medical care alone is not sufficient to bridge the gap between estimates of the true prevalence and treated prevalence of childhood psychiatric disorder. These findings are discussed in terms of the importance of non-economic factors as determinants of the distribution and use of children's psychiatric services. As well, the importance of referral practice, especially for the lower social classes is commented upon. Finally, suggestions are made for further research.

Effects of Sex, Race, and Class on Self, Ideal-Self, and Parental Ratings in Southern Adolescents

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Mc Donald
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Self ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Check List ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Segregated Schools ◽  
Parental Ratings ◽  
Interpersonal Warmth

This study replicated an earlier one in evaluating the effects of sex, race, and social class on the self- and ideal-self ratings of adolescent Ss. The effects of these three factors on Ss' parental ratings and self-parental congruency were also assessed. Interpersonal Check List data were obtained from 218 Negro and 310 white high school seniors from rural segregated schools whose social class was determined from parental occupations as reported by the students. The results largely replicated the earlier findings on self- and ideal-self-ratings for the sex and race variables. In addition, lower class students obtained higher self- and ideal-self-love scores than upper-class students. The major findings involving the parental ratings and self-parental congruency pertained to the females who described (1) their fathers as possessing more interpersonal warmth than their mothers and (2) greater self-father than self-mother congruency.

scholarly journals THE POSITIONING MATTERS OF THE DOLL’S HOUSE IN POSTCOLONIALISM

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Mega Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Social Oppression

<p>The purpose of this research is to analyze the self-positioning and social class phenomenon of <em>The Doll’s House</em>. It tells about social oppression create by upper to dominate lower class. Upper class takes part as dominant while lower class takes part as minority in society. This research uses qualitative research. The researcher needs postcolonial theory to identify the self-positioning between upper and lower class in the short story. The analysis reveals that upper class treats lower class to be the other, subaltern and create social discrimination. The conclusion is the upper class founds powerful, otherwise the lower class is found surviving not fighting from injustice.</p>

scholarly journals Advancing the psychology of social class with large-scale replications in four countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatolia Batruch ◽  
Nicolas Sommet ◽  
Frederique Autin
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Predictive Strength

As the topic of inequalities has gained attention in the past decade, social scientists have developed theoretical frameworks to understand how social class shapes the way individuals think, feel, and behave. These frameworks suggest that lower-class contexts nurture psychological and behavioral tendencies oriented toward others and the environment (interdependence, contextualism), whereas higher-class contexts nurture tendencies oriented toward the self (independence, solipsism). However, empirical research on social class faces obstacles that limit the generalizability of extant findings (small sample sizes, nondiverse convenience samples, measurement flexibility). We propose a large-scale (N = 36,000) and theoretically comprehensive replication of 43 key effects (from 22 studies) of social class on the self, relationships, emotions, cognition, social behavior, and decision-making. The project will also contribute to refining theoretical models by testing the predictive strength of widely (and flexibly) used measures of social class and individual, social, and structural moderators of the effects of social class.

Social class and type of schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Gallagher ◽  
B.J. Jones ◽  
J.A. McFalls ◽  
A.M. Pisa
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Occupational Classification ◽  
Deficit Schizophrenia ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

AbstractObjectiveCurrent and past research strongly indicates a high prevalence of schizophrenia in the lower class in the USA and other stratified societies. To date, no study has tested for a connection between type of schizophrenia and socioeconomic status (SES). We tested for an interrelationship between schizophrenic subtype, SES and race.MethodsPositive and negative symptom scales were used to evaluate 436 schizophrenic patients at a state hospital in the USA. All patients were also diagnosed by DSM standards. Social class of origin was assessed by the Occupational Classification Distributions of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Multivariate analysis was conducted with the likelihood ratio chi-square.ResultsWe uncovered a distinct propensity for deficit schizophrenia to be elevated among the poor. The finding presents as a pure SES effect since the likelihood of deficit schizophrenia does not vary by race when social class is held constant.ConclusionThe finding is potentially an important new insight into the epidemiology of schizophrenia. It offers a better understanding for poor outcome among lower class patients in stratified societies such as the United States. It is also consistent with longitudinal research by European investigators.

Social Class Differences in Patients' Self-Perceived Treatment Needs

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Fitzgibbons
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
High Social Class ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Definition Of

A comparison of the factor structure of patients' self-perceived treatment needs between psychiatric patients of low and high social class showed strong similarity on several factors. Reports of need for help with marital and economic-vocational difficulties and psychotic symptoms were identical. The phenomenological experience of anxiety and depression was indistinguishable, but patients of high social class expected relief in improved interpersonal relations while patients of lower class sought relief in escape. Guilt appeared to be without specific referent in the lower-class group but associated with behavioral acts among higher class Ss. Groups differed in their reported feelings of inadequacy. Patients of higher class failed to attribute psychological difficulties to physical causes. The influence of patients' self-definition of disturbance upon choice of treatment is discussed.

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