scholarly journals Diagnosis Based on Detection of CXCL10 in Urine as Biomarker for The Determining Diagnosis of Active Lung Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ni Made Mertaniasih ◽  
I Gede Yogi Prema Ananda ◽  
Soedarsono Soedarsono ◽  
Deby Kusumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

Tuberculosis diagnosis is an important component in decreasing TB incidence and prevalence. Because of the difficulty to collect sputum in some cases, urine specimens are used as it is easier to garner. One of the biomarkers in urine that can be used to diagnose pulmonary TB is IP-10, which can be represented by the CXCL10 gene. The study aims to determine the accuracy of diagnosis based on detection of the CXCL10 gene in urine as a biomarker for the patients with suspected pulmonary TB in Dr. Soetomo Hospital in Surabaya from November 2019 until March 2020. Thus, this is an observative laboratory research with a cross-sectional study. CXCL10 gene was examined using PCR for 36 urine samples, and then, the data, together with the medical records of clinical manifestations of pulmonary TB, GeneXpert MTB /RIF, blood count, and thorax radiograph, were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF and thorax radiograph criteria show positive results of pulmonary TB, which were 44.4% and 69.4% respectively. CXCL10 gene was not found in all urine of healthy people (negative), while 2.8% (1/36 samples) positive CXCL10 gene was found in a patient with positive GeneXpert, also with negative clinical manifestations and urine culture. In this study, the accuracy of diagnosis based on detection of the CXCL10 gene in urine for diagnosis of active pulmonary TB was 2.8%. Future research is needed to improve the methods, among them are bigger size of urine samples and clearer medical history of patients. 

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Clinic Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Siddig ◽  
Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Abdelrahman ◽  
AlHussien Abbasher ◽  
Abubaker Alsedig Abbasher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Senior Consultant ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Phonemic Fluency ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Patients with dementia are more prone to acquire COVID-19 infection. Patients with COVID-19 showed a tendency to develop cognitive impairment. Objectives: We aimed to study the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection among adult Sudanese demented patients and the prevalence of cognitive impairment among adult Sudanese non demented patients. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place in Sudan, Khartoum state in the period (September-December 2021) in a private neurology/psychiatry clinic. 135 adult Sudanese patients were included in this study and were divided into two groups. The first group consists of 100 patients with a known history of dementia that got infected recently with COVID-19, while the second group consists of 35 patients who developed some sort of cognitive impairment after recovering from COVID-19 infection. Regarding the second group, cognitive functions were assessed by senior consultant neurologist and senior consultant psychiatrist using a well validated neuropsychological measure. Results: Out of 100 patients in the first group, females were 60 and males were 40. Age distribution is between 63 -98. The common presenting symptoms of COVID-19 among this group were: Cough and fever (90 patients), diarrhea and vomiting (5 patients), breathlessness (4 patients), coughing of blood (5 patients), convulsions (1 patient), paraplegia (1 patient) and hemiplegia (1 patient). Regarding the second group, Age distribution varied from 30 to 80 years. Cognitive functions impairment was noticed as follows: Memory recall (22%), memory recognition (23%), memory encoding (24%), processing speed (16%), executive functioning (19%), phonemic fluency (17%) and category fluency (17%). Conclusion: Patients with dementia are more susceptible to develop COVID-19 infection. Patients with COVID-19 Infection are at risk of developing some sort of cognitive impairment after recovery.

History of Sexual Assault Perpetration and Violence-Related Prosocial Tendencies Among Men by Fraternity Affiliation Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110373
Author(s):  
Jill C. Hoxmeier ◽  
Daniel Zapp
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
College Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prosocial Tendencies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sexual Assault Perpetration

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine self-reported sexual assault perpetration history, as well as violence prevention-related prosocial tendencies, among fraternity men, unaffiliated men with membership intentions, and unaffiliated men without membership intentions with data from 262,634 college men in the United States. Results indicate that fraternity status was related to sexual assault perpetration, both prior to and while at their current institution of higher education; both perpetration history and fraternity status significantly related to diminished violence prevention-related prosocial tendencies. The findings have important implications for future research and practice to reduce the incidents of sexual assault on college campuses.

scholarly journals Arthritis in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy: Clinical Features and Autoantibody Associations

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Klein ◽  
Heřman Mann ◽  
Lenka Pleštilová ◽  
Zoe Betteridge ◽  
Neil McHugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Autoantibody Status

Objective.To determine the prevalence, distribution, and clinical manifestations of arthritis in a cohort of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Associations with autoantibody status and HLA genetic background were also explored.Methods.Consecutive patients with IIM treated in a single center were included in this cross-sectional study (n = 106). History of arthritis, 68-joint and 66-joint tender and swollen joint index, clinical features of IIM, and autoantibody profiles were obtained by clinical examination, personal interview, and review of patient records. High-resolution genotyping in HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci was performed in 71 and 73 patients, respectively.Results.A combination of patients’ medical history and cross-sectional physical examination revealed that arthritis at any time during the disease course had occurred in 56 patients (53%). It was present at the beginning of the disease in 39 patients (37%) including 23 cases (22%) with arthritis preceding the onset of muscle weakness. On physical examination, 29% of patients had at least 1 swollen joint. The most frequently affected areas were wrists, and metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. Twenty-seven out of the 29 anti-Jo1-positive patients had arthritis at any time during the course of their illness; this prevalence was significantly higher compared to patients without the anti-Jo1 autoantibody (p < 0.0001). No association of arthritis with individual HLA alleles was found.Conclusion.Our data suggest that arthritis is a common feature of myositis. It is frequently present at the onset of disease and it may even precede muscular manifestations of IIM. The most common presentation is a symmetrical, nonerosive polyarthritis affecting particularly the wrists, shoulders, and small joints of the hands. We have confirmed a strong association of arthritis with the presence of the anti-Jo1 antibody.

Clinical and paraclinical characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in infants less than 6 months of age at National Children’s Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hien Pham Thu
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Persistent Cough ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

SUMMARY Objectives: The study aim was to describe clinical and paraclinical characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in children under 6 months of age at National Children’s Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 71 cases of C. trachomatis pneumonia in Respiratory Department, National Children’s Hospital between 1 September 2017 and 31 August 2018. Results: Important features of C. trachomatis pneumonia in children under 6 months of age include persistent cough, nasopharyngitis, conjunctivitis, history of vaginal birth, mother’s history of vaginosis during pregnancy. Absolute eosinophil counts greater than 300/mm3 may suggest C. trachomatis pneumonia. Conclusion: Clinical manifestations of pneumonia due to C. trachomatis pneumonia are persistent cough, nasopharyngitis, conjunctivitis, mother’s history of vaginosis during pregnancy. A higher than 300 eosinophils/mm3 is strongly associated with C. trachomatis pneumonia.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations of hepatitis a virus infection in Kyrgyzstan children

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khorshed Alam ◽  
Mamasaidov At ◽  
Mohammad Sultan Akbar ◽  
Mohammad Billal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Southern City

Background: Acute hepatitis is one of the more common causes of hepatitis A virus (HAV). Humans appear to be the only reservoir for this virus. Clinical manifestations, and natural history of hepatitis A virus. The relative frequency of hepatitis A virus in Western country.Objectives: Hepatitis A infection developing countries where sanitation is still a public health issue. In Kyrgyzstan, there is no epidemiological data on children for this infection.Materials & Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried in occurs around the southern city of Osh (Osh region) state in Kyrgyzstan in one of the smaller country central Asia. Total 260 children aged 1-18 years. Blood samples were analysed for anti-HAV total antibody (IgM and IgG) using a ELISA.Results: One hundred and forty four subjects tested positive for anti-HAV total antibody giving a prevalence rate of 55.4%. The median age for those positive was 9 years and for those without evidence of HAV infection was 4 years. 65 (45.1%) males and 79 (54.9) females were positive. The study population was mainly of the low social class with 94.1%.Conclusion: In the study population was HAV infection. Educational campaign is imperative and vaccine provision is advocated to further curb the spread of this infection.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-2, July 2018, Page 73-75

scholarly journals Condições clínicas de pacientes com hemofilia assistidos em um hemocentro regional: um estudo transversal

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (269) ◽  
pp. 4731-4740
Author(s):  
Stefane Vieira Nobre ◽  
José Adelmo Da Silva Filho ◽  
Natália Bastos Ferreira Tavares ◽  
Thiáskara Ramile Caldas Leite ◽  
Raimundo Monteiro da Silva Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Microsoft Office

The aim of the study was to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with hemophilia followed at a Regional Blood Center. Epidemiological cross-sectional study with data collection by document analysis with 30 records from a Regional Blood Center in the Center-South region of Ceará. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel® 2016 software. The work was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. There was a predominance of males (27), aged 20 to 59 years, single marital status, incomplete elementary education, residing in rural areas and income below 01 minimum wage. As for the clinical profile, hemophilia A in severe form, has a sedentary lifestyle, with a history of transfusion procedures. Most have two or more associated clinical manifestations. With the prevalence pointed out among the participants, the need for comprehensive and equitable assistance is evident, with an emphasis on nursing actions.

Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammed Madadin ◽  
Ritesh G. Menezes ◽  
Maha A. Alassaf ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Almulhim ◽  
Mahdi S. Abumadini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia.

DYSLIPIDEMIA IN THYROID DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashish Narula ◽  
Narendra Kumar Dara ◽  
Shyam Lal Meena
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thyroid Profile ◽  
Basal Energy Expenditure

Background: Thyroid hormones influence nearly all major metabolic pathways. Their most obvious and well-known action is the increase in basal energy expenditure obtained by acting on protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The lipid metabolism is more influenced by the thyroid hormone. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with suspicion of thyroid disorders were taken as cases. One hundred patients with normal thyroid profile and no history of other chronic diseases were taken as control group. Results: The serum TC, TG and LDL levels in hypothyroid individuals (both overt and subclinical) were significantly higher than euthyroid subjects but the levels were comparable between hyperthyroid and euthyroid group. Conclusion: Dyslipidemias are associated with thyroid disorders, so biochemical screening for thyroid dysfunction in all dyslipidemic patients. Therefore, patients presenting with dyslipidemia are recommended for investigation to explore thyroid dysfunction. Keywords: Thyroid profile, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides and LDL

Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, and Factors Associated with Severe Symptomatic Hyponatremia among Hospitalized Hyponatremia Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Background: Hyponatremia is associated with unfavorable outcomes in many cases. The mainstay of hyponatremia treatment depends on its symptoms and etiology. However, etiologies, clinical manifestations, and factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia have been rarely reported. Objective: To analyze and report etiologies, clinical manifestations, and factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, the authors enrolled hospitalized patients with hyponatremia who had consulted a nephrologist between October 1, 2017, and October 31, 2018. Their baseline characteristics and clinical manifestations were recorded. Etiologies were confirmed by the attending nephrology staff. Factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: One hundred patients were included in this study. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD), hypovolemia, and hydrochlorothiazide use were the leading hyponatremia etiologies. Hyponatremia etiologies differed between patients with community-acquired hyponatremia (n=50) and those with hospital-associated hyponatremia (n=50). Patients with communityacquired hyponatremia were older, presented with a higher frequency of severe symptomatic hyponatremia, and showed lower SNa-levels. Low SNa-levels were significantly associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia (p=0.014). Conclusion: Hyponatremia remains an important health problem. SIAD, hypovolemia, and hydrochlorothiazide use are among the leading etiologies of hyponatremia. Low SNa-levels are associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia; thus, physicians should pay close attention to low SNa-levels in hospitalized patients. Keywords: Hyponatremia, Symptomatic Hyponatremia, Community-acquired hyponatremia, Hospital-associated hyponatremia

Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-patients in Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Daniel Vargas-Pacherrez ◽  
Helma P. Cotrim ◽  
Leonardo Pires ◽  
Vitor Cunha ◽  
Vitor Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV/AIDS varies from 20% to 33%. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in a group of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with HIV-infected patients from a reference center in Bahia, Brazil. We evaluated clinical, socio-demographic and anthropometric data. MS was defined according to the guidelines of International Diabetes Federation. Results: We evaluated 152 patients with mean age of 47.3±11.6 years, 59.2% male. The main comorbidities detected were diabetes (3.3%) hypertriglyceridemia (9.3%) and metabolic syndrome (MS,38.2%). Patients with MS were predominantly women (55.2% vs 31.9%; p=0.005), older [52.1 (10.4) vs 44.3 (11.3); p<0.001], and had overweight (74.1% vs 23.4%; p<0.001). After multivariate analysis MS remained associated with age (OR = 1.076; 95% CI: 1.030 – 1.125), female sex (OR = 2.452; 95% CI: 1.114 – 5.374) and family history of hypertension (OR = 3.678; 95% CI: 1.431 – 9.395). Conclusion: Almost half of the HIV-infected patients in Bahia presents with MS which seems to be driven by classical risk factors.

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