scholarly journals Measurement of weight change after change in frequency of a locally recognised habit. How much weight is lost while one higher-protein breakfast more is eaten per week?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Laguna-Camacho ◽  
David A. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
Opposite Sequence ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Lowered Body

It is not known how much reduction in weight is caused by an increased frequency of breakfasts including more protein, or whether such a practice suppresses intake by subconscious post-ingestional effects or intentional reduction in frequency of consumption of other foods. Participants with low frequency of what they believed to be higher protein breakfasts (HPBs) were asked to increase HPB frequency for 4 weeks and then to decrease HPB frequency for the subsequent 4 weeks, while participants with high HPB frequency were asked to follow the opposite sequence. Participants recorded daily if they ate an HPB that morning and had eaten perceived energy-dense foods (EDFs) and/or taken exercise at any time. Greater amounts of fat and weight were lost with perceived HPBs increase than decrease. One more perceived HPB per week for 4 weeks lowered body fat by a mean of 0.05 % (95% CLs: 0.15, -0.04), and weight by 97 g (171, 24). One less perceived EDF occasion a week reduced fat 0.04 % (0.11, -0.03) and weight 81 g (134, 27). These findings show that a sustained change in the frequency of a culturally specified habit can influence weight by a measured amount. This effect could come from the delayed gluconeogenesis from dietary protein amino acids but beliefs about protein at breakfast and energy-dense foods may also play a part.

scholarly journals Dietary protein reduction on microbial protein, amino acids digestibility, and body retention in beef cattle. I. Digestibility sites and ruminal synthesis estimated by purine bases and 15N as markers1

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2453-2467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lays Débora Silva Mariz ◽  
Paloma de Melo Amaral ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Stefanie Alvarenga Santos ◽  
Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Bases ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Reduction

Epigenetic Mechanisms of Maternal Dietary Protein and Amino Acids Affecting Growth and Development of Offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Zhibin Cheng ◽  
Yueyu Bai ◽  
Xi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Energy Processing ◽  
Living Organisms

Nutrients can regulate metabolic activities of living organisms through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA regulation. Since the nutrients required for early embryos and postpartum lactation are derived in whole or in part from maternal and lactating nutrition, the maternal nutritional level affects the growth and development of fetus and creates a profound relationship between disease development and early environmental exposure in the offspring’s later life. Protein is one of the most important biological macromolecules, involved in almost every process of life, such as information transmission, energy processing and material metabolism. Maternal protein intake levels may affect the integrity of the fetal genome and alter DNA methylation and gene expression. Most amino acids are supplied to the fetus from the maternal circulation through active transport of placenta. Some amino acids, such as methionine, as dietary methyl donor, play an important role in DNA methylation and body’s one-carbon metabolism. The purpose of this review is to describe effects of maternal dietary protein and amino acid intake on fetal and neonatal growth and development through epigenetic mechanisms, with examples in humans and animals.

scholarly journals Nectar non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) do not change nectar palatability but enhance learning and memory in honey bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Carlesso ◽  
Stefania Smargiassi ◽  
Elisa Pasquini ◽  
Giacomo Bertelli ◽  
David Baracchi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Valuable Compounds

AbstractFloral nectar is a pivotal element of the intimate relationship between plants and pollinators. Nectars are composed of a plethora of nutritionally valuable compounds but also hundreds of secondary metabolites (SMs) whose function remains elusive. Here we performed a set of behavioural experiments to study whether five ubiquitous nectar non-protein amino acids (NPAAs: β-alanine, GABA, citrulline, ornithine and taurine) interact with gustation, feeding preference, and learning and memory in Apis mellifera. We showed that foragers were unable to discriminate NPAAs from water when only accessing antennal chemo-tactile information and that freely moving bees did not exhibit innate feeding preferences for NPAAs. Also, NPAAs did not alter food consumption or longevity in caged bees over 10 days. Taken together our data suggest that natural concentrations of NPAAs did not alter nectar palatability to bees. Olfactory conditioning assays showed that honey bees were more likely to learn a scent when it signalled a sucrose reward containing either β-alanine or GABA, and that GABA enhanced specific memory retention. Conversely, when ingested two hours prior to conditioning, GABA, β-alanine, and taurine weakened bees’ acquisition performances but not specific memory retention, which was enhanced in the case of β-alanine and taurine. Neither citrulline nor ornithine affected learning and memory. NPAAs in nectars may represent a cooperative strategy adopted by plants to attract beneficial pollinators.

scholarly journals Carrier-capture-assisted optoelectronics based on van der Waals materials to imitate medicine-acting metaplasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianfan Nie ◽  
Caifang Gao ◽  
Feng-Shou Yang ◽  
Ko-Chun Lee ◽  
Che-Yi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Synaptic Weight ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Carrier Capture ◽  
Electronic Engineering ◽  
Neural Simulation ◽  
Van Der Waals Materials

AbstractRecently, researchers have focused on optoelectronics based on two-dimensional van der Waals materials to realize multifunctional memory and neuron applications. Layered indium selenide (InSe) semiconductors satisfy various requirements as photosensitive channel materials, and enable the realization of intriguing optoelectronic applications. Herein, we demonstrate InSe photonic devices with different trends of output currents rooted in the carrier capture/release events under various gate voltages. Furthermore, we reported an increasing/flattening/decreasing synaptic weight change index (∆Wn) via a modulated gate electric field, which we use to imitate medicine-acting metaplasticity with effective/stable/ineffective features analogous to the synaptic weight change in the nervous system of the human brain. Finally, we take advantage of the low-frequency noise (LFN) measurements and the energy-band explanation to verify the rationality of carrier capture-assisted optoelectronics applied to neural simulation at the device level. Utilizing optoelectronics to simulate essential biomedical neurobehaviors, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility and meaningfulness of combining electronic engineering with biomedical neurology.

Protection of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings from salinity stress following seed priming with L-methionine and casein hydrolysate

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Keum-Ah Lee ◽  
Youngnam Kim ◽  
Hossein Alizadeh ◽  
David W.M. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

Abstract Seed priming with water (hydropriming or HP) has been shown to be beneficial for seed germination and plant growth. However, there is little information on the effects of seed priming with amino acids and casein hydrolysate (CH) compared with HP, particularly in relation to early post-germinative seedling growth under salinity stress. In this study, Italian ryegrass seeds (Lolium multiflorum L.) were primed with 1 mM of each of the 20 protein amino acids and CH (200 mg l−1) before they were germinated in 0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl in Petri dishes for 4 d in darkness. Germination percentage (GP), radicle length (RL) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the root of 4-d-old Italian ryegrass seedlings were investigated. Generally, when the seeds were germinated in 0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl, there was no significant difference in GP of seeds among various priming treatments, except that a higher GP was observed in seeds of HP treatment compared with the non-primed seeds when incubated in 60 mM NaCl. When incubated in 60 and 90 mM NaCl, seedlings from seeds primed with L-methionine or CH exhibited greater RL (greater protection against salinity stress) and higher root POD activity than those from non-primed and hydro-primed seeds. Under salinity stress, there were higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the root of 4-d-old Italian ryegrass seedlings, a marker of oxidative stress, but seed priming with CH was effective in reducing the salinity-triggered increase in MDA content. These results suggest that priming with L-methionine or CH would be better than HP for the protection of seedling root growth under salinity stress and might be associated with enhanced antioxidative defence against salinity-induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The key amino acids of E protein involved in early flavivirus infection: viral entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Hu ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Shaoxiong Wu ◽  
Shun Chen ◽  
Anchun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Early Infection ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Α Helix

AbstractFlaviviruses are enveloped viruses that infect multiple hosts. Envelope proteins are the outermost proteins in the structure of flaviviruses and mediate viral infection. Studies indicate that flaviviruses mainly use envelope proteins to bind to cell attachment receptors and endocytic receptors for the entry step. Here, we present current findings regarding key envelope protein amino acids that participate in the flavivirus early infection process. Among these sites, most are located in special positions of the protein structure, such as the α-helix in the stem region and the hinge region between domains I and II, motifs that potentially affect the interaction between different domains. Some of these sites are located in positions involved in conformational changes in envelope proteins. In summary, we summarize and discuss the key envelope protein residues that affect the entry process of flaviviruses, including the process of their discovery and the mechanisms that affect early infection.

scholarly journals The Role of Reduced Methionine in Mediating the Metabolic Responses to Protein Restriction Using Different Sources of Protein

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2609
Author(s):  
Han Fang ◽  
Kirsten P. Stone ◽  
Sujoy Ghosh ◽  
Laura A. Forney ◽  
Thomas W. Gettys
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction ◽  
Methionine Restriction

Dietary protein restriction and dietary methionine restriction (MR) produce a comparable series of behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional responses. Both dietary regimens produce a similar reduction in intake of sulfur amino acids (e.g., methionine and cystine), and both diets increase expression and release of hepatic FGF21. Given that FGF21 is an essential mediator of the metabolic phenotype produced by both diets, an important unresolved question is whether dietary protein restriction represents de facto methionine restriction. Using diets formulated from either casein or soy protein with matched reductions in sulfur amino acids, we compared the ability of the respective diets to recapitulate the metabolic phenotype produced by methionine restriction using elemental diets. Although the soy-based control diets supported faster growth compared to casein-based control diets, casein-based protein restriction and soy-based protein restriction produced comparable reductions in body weight and fat deposition, and similar increases in energy intake, energy expenditure, and water intake. In addition, the prototypical effects of dietary MR on hepatic and adipose tissue target genes were similarly regulated by casein- and soy-based protein restriction. The present findings support the feasibility of using restricted intake of diets from various protein sources to produce therapeutically effective implementation of dietary methionine restriction.

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