scholarly journals Inhibition and shifting across the weight status spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine MAS ◽  
Stephanie Chambaron ◽  
Claire Chabanet ◽  
Marie-Claude Brindisi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Major Interest

Executive functioning is of major interest in the study of cognitive factors involved in obesity. Among executive functions, shifting is related to behavioral flexibility, and inhibition to the ability to refrain impulsive behavior. A deficit in those two functions could predict individual difficulties to reach and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Weak evidence of deficits in shifting and inhibition in individuals of higher Body Mass Index (BMI) have been observed. The objective of our study was to clarify the relationship between inhibition and shifting regarding weight status group differences as well as BMI, in healthy adults. Two neuropsychological tests from the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) battery were used. Three groups of men and women (n=115) were studied: normal-weight (NW, n=38), overweight (OW, n=40) and obesity (OB, n=37). By controlling for age, sex, educational level and major diseases, weight status group differences (NW, OW, OB) in inhibition and shifting were analyzed as well as performance related to BMI alone. The results show that individuals with higher BMI have lower inhibition capacities and that classically used weight status categories (NW, OW, OB) might not capture cognitive variability. No differences in shifting between behavioral responses were observed in relation to weight status nor BMI. This paper provides new insights on cognitive factors in weight excess by presenting data from individuals with overweight, and data from individuals with obesity without major comorbidities. The results support that assessing inhibition capacities might be of interest in a clinical setting for patients with difficulties to lose weight.

scholarly journals The Impact of Parents’ Categorization of Their Own Weight and Their Child’s Weight on Healthy Lifestyle Promoting Beliefs and Practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison C. Sylvetsky-Meni ◽  
Scott E. Gillepsie ◽  
Trisha Hardy ◽  
Jean A. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Change ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Child Overweight ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Child’S Weight

Objective. To evaluate parents’ beliefs and practices related to childhood obesity and determine if these are influenced by parent’s perception of their own weight or their child’s weight.Methods. Parents of obese (n=689) or normal weight (n=1122) children 4–15 years in Georgia, USA, were randomly selected to complete a telephone survey. Frequency of child obesity-related perceptions, beliefs, and practices were assessed, stratified by parent-perceived self-weight and child weight status, and compared using Chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression.Results. Most parents, regardless of perceived child weight, agreed that child overweight/obesity can cause serious illness (95%) but only one-half believed it was a problem in Georgia. Many (42.4%) failed to recognize obesity in their own children. More parents who perceived their child as overweight versus normal weight reported concern about their child’s diet and activity and indicated readiness for lifestyle change. Parents’ perception of their own weight had little additional impact.Conclusions. While awareness of child overweight as a modifiable health risk is high, many parents fail to recognize it in their own families and communities, reducing the likelihood of positive lifestyle change. Additional efforts to help parents understand their role in facilitating behavior change and to assist them in identifying at-risk children are required.

scholarly journals WEIGHT STATUS, BMI AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN POLISH YOUTH: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN 1986 AND 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Sylwia Bartkowiak ◽  
Jan M Konarski ◽  
Ryszard Strzelczyk ◽  
Jarosław Janowski ◽  
Małgorzata Karpowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Fitness Tests

Background: One of the components affecting the level of health is physical fitness and diets, which is also considered the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. Methods: Samples by survey ranged from 871 to 1,417 (boys) and from 843 to 1,326 (girls). Speed (5 m run), agility (figure-8-run), explosive power (vertical jump), flexibility (stand and reach) and cardiovascular fitness (step test) were measured. The Body Mass Index (BMI) of each student was classified as Thin, Normal weight or Overweight/Obese (Owt/Ob) relative to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. Fitness items were compared among weight status groups and across surveys with sex-specific analyses of covariance. Regressions of each fitness item on the BMI in the four surveys were done using linear and nonlinear quadratic models. Results: Performances on all fitness tests except flexibility were poorer among Owt/Ob compared to Normal and Thin youth, but performances on fitness tests within weight status groups did not differ consistently across surveys. Conclusions: Relationships between the BMI and fitness tests varied across surveys, but suggested reasonably consistent cur-vilinear relationships between fitness tests and the BMI among boys more so than girls.

The Value of Subjective Appreciation in the Medical Record – II. The Evalution of the General Condition of the Patient

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
D. Lahaye ◽  
D. Roosels ◽  
J. Viaene
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Computer File ◽  
Real Group ◽  
Empiric Data ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Lower Limits

Based on the analysis of 13,110 medical examinations performed on a standardized population of pneumoconiosis patients recorded on the F.O.D. computer file, the authors describe the value of the subjective estimations of »obesity«, »thinness« or »normal weight« by their correlation with the observed weight and height. Although there are striking differences in appreciation between the physicians performing the examinations, the qualifications »obese«, »thin« or »normal« correspond with real group differences in weight, between certain limits which can be defined. The ratio between the observed weight and the expected weight (using the Broca formula) shows the same pattern. In tins way it becomes possible to propose upper and lower limits for obesity, thinness and normal weight based on purely empiric data. Feeding back this information to the examining physicians should help reduce the differences between physicians and improve the results. Therefore, the authors find it useful to keep such information in the computer file.

scholarly journals Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Effects of Emotion Regulation, Weight Status and Negative Body Image

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Lenka H. Shriver ◽  
Jessica M. Dollar ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Susan P. Keane ◽  
Lilly Shanahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Increased Risk

Emotional eating is associated with an increased risk of binge eating, eating in the absence of hunger and obesity risk. While previous studies with children and adolescents suggest that emotion regulation may be a key predictor of this dysregulated eating behavior, little is known about what other factors may be influencing the link between emotional regulation and emotional eating in adolescence. This multi-method longitudinal study (n = 138) utilized linear regression models to examine associations between childhood emotion regulation, adolescent weight status and negative body image, and emotional eating at age 17. Emotion regulation predicted adolescent emotional eating and this link was moderated by weight status (β = 1.19, p < 0.01) and negative body image (β = −0.34, p < 0.01). Higher engagement in emotional eating was predicted by lower emotional regulation scores among normal-weight teens (β = −0.46, p < 0.001) but not among overweight/obese teens (β = 0.32, p > 0.10). Higher scores on emotion regulation were significantly associated with lower emotional eating at high (β = −1.59, p < 0.001) and low (β = −1.00, p < 0.01) levels of negative body image. Engagement in emotional eating was predicted by higher negative body image among overweight/obese teens only (β = 0.70, p < 0.001). Our findings show that while better childhood emotion regulation skills are associated with lower emotional eating, weight status and negative body image influence this link and should be considered as important foci in future interventions that aim to reduce emotional eating in adolescence.

Delayed Romantic Experience: Association of Romantic Relationship and Weight Change Patterns over 7 Years among Taiwanese Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110235
Author(s):  
Jih-Cheng Yeh ◽  
Duan-Rung Chen
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
School Students ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Weight Change Pattern

Stigmatization of overweight and obese individuals is common in interpersonal relationships. This study investigated longitudinal weight change patterns among Taiwanese adolescents and the relationship of weight change patterns with delayed romantic experience from late adolescence to young adulthood by using a representative panel survey. Individuals were divided into six weight change pattern categories according to changes in their body mass index. Two-stage stratified and clustered sampling was used to obtain a representative student sample, and 1,834 junior high school students were followed up over 7 years. Persistent obesity and a change from an underweight to a normal weight status over 7 years were independently associated with delayed romantic experience in both sexes. Moreover, females but not males who changed from an underweight or normal weight status to an overweight or obese status had increased odds of delayed romantic experience. Persistent obesity should be addressed early in life because it plays a crucial role in delayed romantic experience.

scholarly journals Discordance between Body-Mass Index and Body Adiposity Index in the Classification of Weight Status of Elderly Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Bartosz Hudzik ◽  
Justyna Nowak ◽  
Janusz Szkodzinski ◽  
Aleksander Danikiewicz ◽  
Ilona Korzonek-Szlacheta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Artery Disease

Background and Aims: Body-mass index (BMI) is a popular method implemented to define weight status. However, describing obesity by BMI may result in inaccurate assessment of adiposity. The Body Adiposity Index (BAI) is intended to be a directly validated method of estimating body fat percentage. We set out to compare body weight status assessment by BMI and BAI in a cohort of elderly patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A total of 169 patients with stable CAD were enrolled in an out-patient cardiology clinic. The National Research Council (US) Committee on Diet and Health classification was used for individuals older than 65 years as underweight BMI < 24 kg/m2, normal weight BMI 24–29 kg/m2, overweight BMI 29–35 kg/m2, and obesity BMI > 35 kg/m2. In case of BAI, we used sex- and age-specific classification of weight status. In addition, body fat was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BImpA). Results: Only 72 out of 169 patients (42.6%) had concordant classification of weight status by both BMI and BAI. The majority of the patients had their weight status either underestimated or overestimated. There were strong positive correlations between BMI and BImpA (FAT%) (R = 0.78 p < 0.001); BAI and BImpA (FAT%) (R = 0.79 p < 0.001); and BMI and BAI (R = 0.67 p < 0.001). BMI tended to overestimate the rate of underweight, normal weight or overweight, meanwhile underestimating the rate of obesity. Third, BMI exhibited an average positive bias of 14.4% compared to the reference method (BImpA), whereas BAI exhibited an average negative bias of −8.3% compared to the reference method (BImpA). Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of discordance in assessing weight status by BMI and BAI: BImpA (FAT%) odds ratio (OR) 1.29, total body water (%) OR 1.61, fat mass index OR 2.62, and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score OR 1.25. Conclusions: There is substantial rate of misclassification of weight status between BMI and BAI. These findings have significant implications for clinical practice as the boundary between health and disease in malnutrition is crucial to accurately define criteria for intervention. Perhaps BMI cut-offs for classifying weight status in the elderly should be revisited.

Is overweight/obesity a risk factor for atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children? A case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysel Vehapoglu ◽  
Zeynep Ebru Cakın ◽  
Feyza Ustabas Kahraman ◽  
Mustafa Atilla Nursoy ◽  
Ali Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives It is unclear whether body weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight/obese) is associated with allergic disease. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between body weight status (body mass index; BMI) and atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children, and to compare children with atopic allergic diseases with non atopic healthy children. Methods A prospective cross sectional study of 707 prepubertal children aged 3–10 years was performed; the participants were 278 atopic children with physician-diagnosed allergic disease (allergic rhinitis and asthma) (serum total IgE level >100 kU/l and eosinophilia >4%, or positivity to at least one allergen in skin test) and 429 non atopic healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Data were collected between December 2019 and November 2020 at the Pediatric General and Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinics of Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital. Results Underweight was observed in 11.6% of all participants (10.8% of atopic children, 12.2% of healthy controls), and obesity in 14.9% of all participants (18.0% of atopic children, 12.8% of controls). Obese (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08–2.71, p=0.021), and overweight status (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.06–2.50, p=0.026) were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight in pre-pubertal children. This association did not differ by gender. There was no relationship between underweight status and atopic allergic disease (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.63–1.68, p=0.894). Conclusions Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight among middle-income and high-income pre pubertal children living in Istanbul.

scholarly journals Associations of the pre-pregnancy weight status with anemia and the erythropoiesis-related micronutrient status

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Noor Rohmah Mayasari ◽  
Tzu-Yu Hu ◽  
Jane C-J Chao ◽  
Chyi-Huey Bai ◽  
Yi Chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

Abstract Objective: The coexistence of underweight (UW) and overweight (OW)/obese (OB) at the population level is known to affect iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), but how the weight status affects erythropoiesis during pregnancy is less clear at a population scale. This study investigated associations between the pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and erythropoiesis-related nutritional deficiencies. Design: Anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and 24-h dietary recall data were collected during prenatal care visits. The weight status was defined based on the pBMI. Mild nutrition deficiency-related erythropoiesis was defined if individuals had an ID, folate depletion, or a vitamin B12 deficiency. Setting: The Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (Pregnant NAHSIT 2017-2019). Participants: We included 1456 women aged 20 to 45 years with singleton pregnancies. Results: Among these pregnant women, 9.6% were UW, and 29.2% were either OW (15.8%) or OB (13.4%). A U-shaped association between the pBMI and IDA was observed, with decreased odds (OR; 95% CI) for OW subjects (0.6; 0.4˜0.9) but increased odds for UW (1.2; 0.8˜2.0) and OB subjects (1.2; 0.8˜1.8). The pBMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of a mild nutritional deficiency. Compared to normal weight (NW), OB pregnant women had 3.4-fold (3.4; 1.4˜8.1) higher odds for multiple mild nutritional deficiencies, while UW individuals had lowest odds (0.3; 0.1-1.2). A dietary analysis showed negative relationships of pBMI with energy, carbohydrates, protein, iron, and folate intakes, but positive relationship with fat intakes. Conclusion: The pre-pregnancy weight status can possibly serve as a good nutritional screening tool for preventing IDA during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays versus weekend days: a multi-country analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
◽  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
Bridget Armstrong ◽  
R. Glenn Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Total Wear ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Country Analysis

Abstract Purpose The Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) posits that children’s behaviors associated with obesity – such as physical activity – are more favorable on days that contain more ‘structure’ (i.e., a pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environment) such as school weekdays, compared to days with less structure, such as weekend days. The purpose of this study was to compare children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels on weekdays versus weekend days using a large, multi-country, accelerometer-measured physical activity dataset. Methods Data were received from the International Children’s Accelerometer Database (ICAD) July 2019. The ICAD inclusion criteria for a valid day of wear, only non-intervention data (e.g., baseline intervention data), children with at least 1 weekday and 1 weekend day, and ICAD studies with data collected exclusively during school months, were included for analyses. Mixed effects models accounting for the nested nature of the data (i.e., days within children) assessed MVPA minutes per day (min/day MVPA) differences between weekdays and weekend days by region/country, adjusted for age, sex, and total wear time. Separate meta-analytical models explored differences by age and country/region for sex and child weight-status. Results/findings Valid data from 15 studies representing 5794 children (61% female, 10.7 ± 2.1 yrs., 24% with overweight/obesity) and 35,263 days of valid accelerometer data from 5 distinct countries/regions were used. Boys and girls accumulated 12.6 min/day (95% CI: 9.0, 16.2) and 9.4 min/day (95% CI: 7.2, 11.6) more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively. Children from mainland Europe had the largest differences (17.1 min/day more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, 95% CI: 15.3, 19.0) compared to the other countries/regions. Children who were classified as overweight/obese or normal weight/underweight accumulated 9.5 min/day (95% CI: 6.9, 12.2) and 10.9 min/day (95% CI: 8.3, 13.5) of additional MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively. Conclusions Children from multiple countries/regions accumulated significantly more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days during school months. This finding aligns with the SDH and warrants future intervention studies to prioritize less-structured days, such as weekend days, and to consider providing opportunities for all children to access additional opportunities to be active.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evidence of Children’s Weight Gain From 5 Months of Home Quarantine During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110066
Author(s):  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
Jeanette Garcia ◽  
Ethan T. Hunt ◽  
Michael Blankenship ◽  
Daniel Eisenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weight Data ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Purpose. Preventive measures to curtail the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—such as home quarantine, closure of schools/programs—are necessary, yet the impact of these restrictions on children’s weight status is unknown. The purpose of this case report was to investigate changes in children’s body mass index (BMI) and zBMI during COVID-19 quarantine. Methods. Children had their heights and weights recorded early March 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and 5 months later (early August 2020). Paired sample t tests examined changes in BMI and zBMI from baseline to follow-up. Results. Twenty-nine children (62% female; mean age 9.3 years; 27.5% with overweight or obesity) provided height and weight data at both time points. There was a significant difference in pre-COVID-19 BMI (mean [M] = 20.1, standard deviation [SD] = 6.0) and follow-up BMI (M = 20.7, SD = 6.4); t(57) = −3.8, P < .001, and pre-COVID-19 zBMI (M = 0.8, SD = 0.9) and follow-up zBMI (M = 0.9, SD = 0.9); t(57) = -3.1, P = .003. Five of the 29 children moved from normal weight to overweight (n = 4) or obese (n = 1) during 5 months of quarantine. Conclusions. Preliminary evidence shows most children increased their BMI and zBMI values from pre-COVID-19 assessment to the follow-up assessment, 5 months later. These initial findings identify potential incidental negative health consequences of children as a result of COVID-19 preventative measures such as home quarantine.

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